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| Destruction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, which is widely regarded as one of the earliest events in the process of cell apoptosis. Mitochondria are organelles within eukaryotic cells that produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main energy molecule used by the cell. For this reason, the mitochondrion is sometimes referred to as “the powerhouse of the cell”. Mitochondria produce ATP through process of cellular respiration—specifically, aerobic respiration, which requires oxygen. The citric acid cycle, or Krebs cycle, takes place in the mitochondria. The mitochondrial membrane potential is widely used in assessing mitochondrial function as it relates to the mitochondrial capacity of ATP generation by oxidative phosphorylation. The mitochondrial membrane potential is a reliable indicator of mitochondrial health. In cancer cells, ΔΨm is often decreased, which can lead to changes in cellular metabolism, increased glycolysis, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and altered cell death pathways. The membrane of malignant mitochondria is hyperpolarized (−220 mV) in comparison to their healthy counterparts (−160 mV), which facilitates the penetration of positively charged molecules to the cancer cells mitochondria. The MMP is a critical indicator of mitochondrial function, directly reflecting the organelle's capacity to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. |
| Prostate Cancer: Alterations in genes such as ERG, SPOP, MYC, androgen receptor (AR), and CHD1, drive PCa progression. TP53 is the most commonly mutated gene in human cancer. HH↑, GLI-1↑, SHH↑ P53↓ The loss of p53 and/or other tumor suppressor genes, reduced capacity for DNA repair, the dysfunction of telomerase activity, and changes in the pathways that govern the growth of cells also mediate the progression of Pca. It has been well documented that Ca2+ influx and MDR1 upregulation are highly associated with GEM metabolism in human pancreatic carcinoma. Increased Growth factor IGF-1/IGF-1R axis activation mediated by both PI3K/Akt or RAF/MEK/ERK system and AR expression remains important in the development and progression of prostate cancer. It has been demonstrated that prostate cancer cells are relatively sensitive to heat stress. Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 has been reported as an oncogenic target in multiple types of cancers, including PC. |
| 4435- | AgNPs, | Gluc, | Glucose-Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles as a Potential New Therapy Agent Targeting Hormone-Resistant Prostate Cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | PC3 | - | in-vitro, | Pca, | LNCaP | - | in-vitro, | Pca, | DU145 |
| 282- | ALA, | Alpha-lipoic acid induced apoptosis of PC3 prostate cancer cells through an alteration on mitochondrial membrane depolarization and MMP-9 mRNA expression |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | PC3 |
| 1564- | Api, | Apigenin-induced prostate cancer cell death is initiated by reactive oxygen species and p53 activation |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | 22Rv1 | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 1563- | Api, | MET, | Metformin-induced ROS upregulation as amplified by apigenin causes profound anticancer activity while sparing normal cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HDFa | - | in-vitro, | PC, | AsPC-1 | - | in-vitro, | PC, | MIA PaCa-2 | - | in-vitro, | Pca, | DU145 | - | in-vitro, | Pca, | LNCaP | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 1404- | BBR, | Berberine-induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells is initiated by reactive oxygen species generation |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | PC3 |
| 5178- | BBR, | Berberine, a natural product, induces G1-phase cell cycle arrest and caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in human prostate carcinoma cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | DU145 | - | in-vitro, | Pca, | PC3 |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | DU145 |
| 2792- | CHr, | Chrysin induces death of prostate cancer cells by inducing ROS and ER stress |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | DU145 | - | in-vitro, | Pca, | PC3 |
| 462- | CUR, | Curcumin promotes cancer-associated fibroblasts apoptosis via ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | PC3 |
| 481- | CUR, | CHr, | Api, | Flavonoid-induced glutathione depletion: Potential implications for cancer treatment |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | A549 | - | in-vitro, | Pca, | PC3 | - | in-vitro, | AML, | HL-60 |
| 1870- | DCA, | Rad, | Dichloroacetate (DCA) sensitizes both wild-type and over expressing Bcl-2 prostate cancer cells in vitro to radiation |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | PC3 |
| 4456- | DFE, | Induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by ethyl acetate fraction of Phoenix dactylifera L. (Ajwa dates) in prostate cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | PC3 |
| 1065- | GA, | Gallic acid, a phenolic acid, hinders the progression of prostate cancer by inhibition of histone deacetylase 1 and 2 expression |
| - | vitro+vivo, | Pca, | NA |
| 1955- | GamB, | Gambogic acid inhibits thioredoxin activity and induces ROS-mediated cell death in castration-resistant prostate cancer |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | PC3 | - | in-vitro, | Pca, | LNCaP | - | in-vitro, | Pca, | DU145 |
| 1644- | HCAs, | PBG, | Artepillin C (3,5-diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) sensitizes LNCaP prostate cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | LNCaP |
| 1667- | PBG, | Ethanolic extract of Brazilian green propolis sensitizes prostate cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | LNCaP |
| 4950- | PEITC, | Phenethyl isothiocyanate-induced apoptosis in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells is mediated by reactive oxygen species-dependent disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential |
| - | vitro+vivo, | Pca, | PC3 |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | DU145 | - | in-vitro, | Pca, | PC3 |
| 89- | QC, | doxoR, | Quercetin reverses the doxorubicin resistance of prostate cancer cells by downregulating the expression of c-met |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | PC3 |
| 91- | QC, | The roles of endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway in quercetin-mediated cell death of human prostate cancer PC-3 cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | PC3 |
| 86- | QC, | PacT, | Quercetin regulates insulin like growth factor signaling and induces intrinsic and extrinsic pathway mediated apoptosis in androgen independent prostate cancer cells (PC-3) |
| - | vitro+vivo, | Pca, | PC3 |
| 1469- | SFN, | Sulforaphane enhances the therapeutic potential of TRAIL in prostate cancer orthotopic model through regulation of apoptosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | PC3 | - | in-vitro, | Pca, | LNCaP | - | in-vivo, | Pca, | NA |
| 1468- | SFN, | Cellular responses to dietary cancer chemopreventive agent D,L-sulforaphane in human prostate cancer cells are initiated by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | LNCaP | - | in-vitro, | Pca, | PC3 |
| 5105- | SSE, | Sodium selenite induces apoptosis by generation of superoxide via the mitochondrial-dependent pathway in human prostate cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | LNCaP |
| 1824- | VitK2, | Vitamin K and its analogs: Potential avenues for prostate cancer management |
| - | Review, | Pca, | NA |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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