GSH Cancer Research Results

GSH, Glutathione: Click to Expand ⟱
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Glutathione (GSH) is a thiol antioxidant that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in the formation of oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Decreased amounts of GSH and a decreased GSH/GSSG ratio in tissues are biomarkers of oxidative stress.
Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant found in every cell of the body, composed of three amino acids: cysteine, glutamine, and glycine. It plays a crucial role in protecting cells from oxidative stress, detoxifying harmful substances, and supporting the immune system.
cancer cells can have elevated levels of glutathione, which may help them survive in the oxidative environment created by the immune response and chemotherapy. This can make cancer cells more resistant to treatment.
While glutathione can be obtained from certain foods (like fruits, vegetables, and meats), its absorption from supplements is debated. Some people take N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or other precursors to boost glutathione levels, but the effects on cancer prevention or treatment are still being studied.
Depleting glutathione (GSH) to raise reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a strategy that has been explored in cancer research and therapy.
Many cancer cells have altered redox states and may rely on GSH to survive. Increasing ROS levels can induce stress in these cells, potentially leading to cell death.
Certain drugs and compounds can deplete GSH levels. For example, agents like buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) inhibit the synthesis of GSH, leading to its depletion.
Cancer cells tend to exhibit higher levels of intracellular GSH, possibly as an adaptive response to a higher metabolism and thus higher steady-state levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

"...intracellular glutathione (GSH) exhibits an astounding antioxidant activity in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS)..."
"Cancer cells have a high level of GSH compared to normal cells."
"...cancer cells are affluent with high antioxidant levels, especially with GSH, whose appearance at an elevated concentration of ∼10 mM (10 times less in normal cells) detoxifies the cancer cells." "Therefore, GSH depletion can be assumed to be the key strategy to amplify the oxidative stress in cancer cells, enhancing the destruction of cancer cells by fruitful cancer therapy."

The loss of GSH is broadly known to be directly related to the apoptosis progression.
Var, Various Cancer: Click to Expand ⟱
Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 overexpression has been noted in various cancers. PI3Ks/AKT pathways are over-activated in several types of cancers.
EGFR altered activity has been noted in various pathological conditions. However, its regulation is an important step in the inhibition of cancer. In this regard, EGCG shows a pivotal role in the inhibition of EGFR activity.
Activating protein-1 transcription factor has been associated with pathogenesis including cancer.
Activation of the sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway is required for the growth of numerous tissues and organs and recent evidence indicates that this pathway is often recruited to stimulate growth of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and to orchestrate the reprogramming of cancer cells via epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Increased expression of Nanog has been associated with the aggressive nature of certain cancers, highlighting its role in promoting cancer stem cell characteristics.
The aberrant hedgehog (Hh)/GLI signaling pathway causes the formation and progression of a variety of tumors.
The process of cell apoptosis is often accompanied by the destruction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, which is widely regarded as one of the earliest events in the process of cell apoptosis.
Human malignancies frequently exhibit mutations in the TGF-β pathway, and overactivation of this system is linked to tumor growth by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting the innate and adaptive antitumor immune responses50.
Several studies have demonstrated that high cyclin D1 expression was observed in cancers including breast, lung, prostate, lymph node and colorectal cancers [23–25].
The oncogene c-myc, which is frequently over-expressed in cancer cells, is involved in the transactivation of most of the glycolytic enzymes including lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and the glucose transporter GLUT1 [51,52]. Thus, c-myc activation is a likely candidate to promote the enhanced glucose uptake and lactate release in the proliferating cancer cell.
Vimentin is overexpressed in various epithelial cancers, including prostate cancer, gastrointestinal tumors, tumors of the central nervous system, breast cancer, malignant melanoma, and lung cancer. Vimentin’s overexpression in cancer correlates well with accelerated tumor growth, invasion, and poor prognosis; however, the role of vimentin in cancer progression remains obscure.
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are normally induced under environmental stress to serve as chaperones for maintenance of correct protein folding but they are often overexpressed in many cancers, including breast cancer.
Since NQO1 is highly expressed in many solid tumors, including via upregulation of Nrf2, the design of compounds activated by NQO1 and NQO1-targeted drug delivery have been active areas of research.
Since increased Nrf2 gene expression is one of the main mechanisms of cancer cells in resisting chemotherapeutic drugs and survival in oxidative conditions; finding compounds with the ability to suppress Nrf2 gene expression with minimum side effects can be considered an important strategy for increasing the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy.
Overexpression of c-met stimulates proliferation, migration and invasion in various types of cancer including prostate cancer.
Overexpression of TGFα and EGFR by many carcinomas correlates with the development of cancer metastasis, resistance to chemotherapy and poor prognosis.
More than 50% of human cancers have a mutated nonfunctional p53.


Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
2327- 2DG,    2-Deoxy-d-Glucose and Its Analogs: From Diagnostic to Therapeutic Agents
- Review, Var, NA
Glycolysis↓, HK2↓, mt-ROS↑, AMPK↑, PPP↓, NADPH↓, GSH↓, Bax:Bcl2↑, Apoptosis↑, RadioS↑, eff↓, Half-Life↓, other↝, eff↓,
5271- 3BP,    The anticancer agent 3-bromopyruvate: a simple but powerful molecule taken from the lab to the bedside
- Review, Var, NA
selectivity↑, selectivity↑, ATP↓, Glycolysis↓, HK2↓, mt-OXPHOS↓, GAPDH↓, mtDam↑, GSH↓, ROS↑, ER Stress↑, TumAuto↑, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, p62↓, Akt↓, HDAC↓, TumCA↑, Bcl-2↓, cMyc↓, Casp3↑, Cyt‑c↑, Mcl-1↓, PARP↓, ChemoSen↑,
5273- 3BP,    The promising anticancer drug 3-bromopyruvate is metabolized through glutathione conjugation which affects chemoresistance and clinical practice: An evidence-based view
- Review, Var, NA
AntiCan↑, ROS↑, angioG↓, CSCs↓, Warburg↓, GSH↓, Thiols↓,
5257- 3BP,    Tumor Energy Metabolism and Potential of 3-Bromopyruvate as an Inhibitor of Aerobic Glycolysis: Implications in Tumor Treatment
- Review, Var, NA
Glycolysis↓, mt-OXPHOS↓, HK2↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp3↓, Bcl-2↓, Mcl-1↓, GAPDH↓, LDH↓, PDH↓, TCA↓, GlutaM↓, GSH↓, ATP↓, mitResp↓, ROS↑, ChemoSen↑, toxicity↝,
2660- AL,    Allicin: A review of its important pharmacological activities
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Var, NA - Review, Park, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*Inflam↓, AntiCan↑, *antiOx↑, *cardioP↑, *hepatoP↑, *BBB↑, *Half-Life↝, *H2S↑, *BP↓, *neuroP↑, *cognitive↑, *neuroP↑, *ROS↓, *GutMicro↑, *LDH↓, *ROS↓, *lipid-P↓, *antiOx↑, *other↑, *PI3K↓, *Akt↓, *NF-kB↓, *NO↓, *iNOS↓, *PGE2↓, *COX2↓, *IL6↓, *TNF-α↓, *MPO↓, *eff↑, *NRF2↑, *Keap1↓, *TBARS↓, *creat↓, *LDH↓, *AST↓, *ALAT↓, *MDA↓, *SOD↑, *GSH↑, *GSTs↑, *memory↑, chemoP↑, IL8↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, Casp12↑, p38↑, Fas↑, P53↑, P21↑, CHK1↓, CycB/CCNB1↓, GSH↓, ROS↑, TumCCA↑, Hif1a↓, Bcl-2↓, VEGF↓, TumCMig↓, STAT3↓, VEGFR2↓, p‑FAK↓,
254- AL,    Allicin and Cancer Hallmarks
- Review, Var, NA
NRF2⇅, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, Fas↑, MMP↓, Bax:Bcl2↑, Cyt‑c↑, Casp3↑, Casp12↑, GSH↓, TumCCA↑, ROS↑, antiOx↓,
3382- ART/DHA,    Repurposing Artemisinin and its Derivatives as Anticancer Drugs: A Chance or Challenge?
- Review, Var, NA
AntiCan↑, toxicity↑, Ferroptosis↑, ROS↑, TumCCA↑, BioAv↝, eff↝, Half-Life↓, Ferritin↓, GPx4↓, NADPH↓, GSH↓, BAX↑, Cyt‑c↑, cl‑Casp3↑, VEGF↓, IL8↓, COX2↓, MMP9↓, E-cadherin↑, MMP2↓, NF-kB↓, p16↑, CDK4↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, p62↓, LC3II↑, EMT↓, CSCs↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, uPA↓, TumAuto↑, angioG↓, ChemoSen↑,
3387- ART/DHA,    Ferroptosis: A New Research Direction of Artemisinin and Its Derivatives in Anti-Cancer Treatment
- Review, Var, NA
BioAv↓, lipid-P↑, Ferroptosis↑, Iron↑, GPx4↓, GSH↓, P53↑, ER Stress↑, PERK↑, ATF4↑, GRP78/BiP↑, CHOP↑, ROS↑, NRF2↑,
3389- ART/DHA,    Emerging mechanisms and applications of ferroptosis in the treatment of resistant cancers
- Review, Var, NA
GSH↓, ROS↑, NRF2↑, eff↑,
5378- ART/DHA,    Natural Agents Modulating Ferroptosis in Cancer: Molecular Pathways and Therapeutic Perspectives
- Review, Var, NA
Ferroptosis↑, Iron↑, lipid-P↑, MOMP↑, AntiCan↑, NCOA4↑, GSH↓, GPx4↓, ROS↑, ChemoSen↑, ER Stress↑, DNAdam↑, angioG↓, TumCCA↑, eff↓,
5362- AV,    Anti-cancer effects of aloe-emodin: a systematic review
- Review, Var, NA
AntiCan↑, eff↝, TumCP↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, TumCCA↑, TumCD↑, MMP↓, ROS↑, Apoptosis↑, CDK1↓, CycB/CCNB1↓, Bcl-2↓, PCNA↓, ATP↓, ER Stress↑, cl‑Casp3↑, cl‑Casp9↑, cl‑PARP↑, MMP2↓, Ca+2↑, DNAdam↑, Akt↓, PKCδ↓, mTORC2↓, GSH↓, ChemoSen↑,
2296- Ba,    The most recent progress of baicalein in its anti-neoplastic effects and mechanisms
- Review, Var, NA
CDK1↓, Cyc↓, p27↑, P21↑, P53↑, TumCCA↑, TumCI↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, E-cadherin↑, N-cadherin↓, Vim↓, LC3A↑, p62↓, p‑mTOR↓, PD-L1↓, CAFs/TAFs↓, VEGF↓, ROCK1↓, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓, BAX↑, ROS↑, cl‑PARP↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, PTEN↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, Ca+2↑, PERK↑, IRE1↑, CHOP↑, Copper↑, Snail↓, Vim↓, Twist↓, GSH↓, NRF2↓, HO-1↓, GPx4↓, XIAP↓, survivin↓, DR5↑,
5680- BML,    Anticancer properties of bromelain: State-of-the-art and recent trends
- Review, Var, NA
*Inflam↓, *Bacteria↓, *Pain↓, *Diar↓, *Wound Healing↑, ERK↓, JNK↓, XIAP↓, HSP27↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, HO-1↓, lipid-P↓, ACSL4↑, ROS↑, SOD↑, Catalase↓, GSH↓, MDA↓, Casp3↓, Casp9↑, DNAdam↑, Apoptosis↑, NF-kB↓, P53↑, MAPK↓, APAF1↑, Cyt‑c↓, CD44↓, Imm↑, ATG5↑, LC3I↑, Beclin-1↑, IL2↓, IL4↓, IFN-γ↓, COX2↓, iNOS↓, ChemoSen↑, RadioS↑, Dose↝, other↓,
5887- CAR,  TV,    Antitumor Effects of Carvacrol and Thymol: A Systematic Review
- Review, Var, NA
Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, TumMeta↓, TumCP↓, MAPK↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, eff↑, *Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, AXL↓, MDA↑, Casp3↑, Bcl-2↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, p‑JNK↑, BAX↑, MDA↓, TRPM7↓, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp↑, cl‑PARP↑, ROS↑, CDK4↓, P21↑, F-actin↓, GSH↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *GSR↑, *GSH↑, *lipid-P↓, *AST↓, *ALAT↓, *ALP↓, *LDH↓, DNAdam↑, AFP↓, VEGF↓, Weight↑, *chemoP↑, ROS↑,
5894- CAR,    Targeting Gastrointestinal Cancers with Carvacrol: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential
- Review, Var, NA
AntiCan↑, Apoptosis↑, Inflam↓, angioG↓, TumMeta↓, selectivity↑, BioAv↑, ChemoSen↑, Dose↝, TumCP↓, hepatoP↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, Bcl-2↓, ROS↑, GSH↓, BAX↑, Casp7↑, Casp8↑, Cyt‑c↑, Fas↑, FADD↑, P53↑, Bcl-2↓, TumMeta↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, E-cadherin↑, TIMP2↑, TIMP3↑, N-cadherin↓, ZEB2↓, *lipid-P↓, *AST↓, *ALAT↓, *ALP↓, *LDH↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *GSR↑, selectivity↑, cl‑PARP↑, ERK↓, p38↑, OS↑, AFP↓, COX2↓, VEGF↓, PCNA↓, Ki-67↓, TNF-α↓, BioAv↓,
5974- CDT,    Chemodynamic nanomaterials for cancer theranostics
- Review, Var, NA
Fenton↑, ROS↑, RadioS↑, other↑, GSH↓, GPx4↓, ChemoSen↑, sonoS↑,
4481- Chit,    Antioxidant Properties and Redox-Modulating Activity of Chitosan and Its Derivatives: Biomaterials with Application in Cancer Therapy
- Review, Var, NA
*BioAv↑, *toxicity↓, *antiOx↑, AntiCan↑, *Inflam↓, *ROS↓, *lipid-P↓, MDA↓, selectivity↑, MMP↓, ROS↑, TumCCA↑, MDA↑, GSH↓, ChemoSen↑,
2806- CHr,  Se,    Selenium-containing chrysin and quercetin derivatives: attractive scaffolds for cancer therapy
- in-vitro, Var, NA
eff↑, selectivity↑, Dose↝, TrxR↓, GSH↓, MMP↓, ROS↑, H2O2↑,
2786- CHr,    Chemopreventive and therapeutic potential of chrysin in cancer: mechanistic perspectives
- Review, Var, NA
Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, angioG↓, TumCI↓, TumMeta↑, *toxicity↓, selectivity↑, chemoPv↑, *GSTs↑, *NADPH↑, *GSH↑, HDAC8↓, Hif1a↓, *ROS↓, *NF-kB↓, SCF↓, cl‑PARP↑, survivin↓, XIAP↓, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, GSH↓, ChemoSen↑, Fenton↑, P21↑, P53↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, CDK2↓, STAT3↓, VEGF↓, Akt↓, NRF2↓,
2821- CUR,    Antioxidant curcumin induces oxidative stress to kill tumor cells (Review)
- Review, Var, NA
*antiOx↑, *NRF2↑, *ROS↓, *Inflam↓, ROS↑, p‑ERK↑, ER Stress↑, mtDam↑, Apoptosis↑, Akt↓, mTOR↓, HO-1↑, Fenton↑, GSH↓, Iron↑, p‑JNK↑, Cyt‑c↑, ATF6↑, CHOP↑,
2267- dietMet,    Role of amino acids in regulation of ROS balance in cancer
- Review, Var, NA
TumCG↓, GSH↓, ROS↑,
5188- dietMet,    Dietary methionine links nutrition and metabolism to the efficacy of cancer therapies
- in-vivo, Var, NA
AntiAge↑, MethCyc↓, TumCG↓, ChemoSen↑, RadioS↑, OS↑, GSH↓,
5046- erastin,  SAS,    The structure of erastin-bound xCT–4F2hc complex reveals molecular mechanisms underlying erastin-induced ferroptosis
- Study, Var, NA
xCT↓, ROS↑, TumCG↓, GSH↓, Ferroptosis↑,
1654- FA,    Molecular mechanism of ferulic acid and its derivatives in tumor progression
- Review, Var, NA
AntiCan↑, Inflam↓, RadioS↑, ROS↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, TumCMig↑, TumCI↓, angioG↓, ChemoSen↑, ChemoSideEff↓, P53↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓, TumW↓, miR-34a↑, Bcl-2↓, Casp3↑, BAX↑, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, cMyc↓, Bax:Bcl2↑, SOD↓, GSH↓, LDH↓, ERK↑, eff↑, JAK2↓, STAT6↓, NF-kB↓, PYCR1↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, Ki-67↓, VEGF↓, FGFR1↓, EMT↓, CAIX↓, LC3II↑, p62↑, PKM2↓, Glycolysis↓, *BioAv↓,
5113- JG,    Juglone in Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling
- Review, Var, NA - Review, AD, NA
ROS↑, Pin1↓, antiOx⇅, *ROS↓, SMAD2↓, GSH↓, lipid-P↑, TumCCA↓, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, Ca+2↑, Cyt‑c↑, AntiFungal↑, Bacteria↓, Akt↓,
5115- JG,    Natural Products to Fight Cancer: A Focus on Juglans regia
- Review, Var, NA
Casp3↑, Casp9↑, MMP↓, AR↓, PSA↓, E-cadherin↑, N-cadherin↓, Vim↓, Akt↓, GSK‐3β↓, EMT↑, TumCI↓, MMP9↓, VEGF↓, MMP2↓, TumCCA↑, ROS↑, Apoptosis↑, GSH↓, Catalase↓, SOD↓, GPx↓, DNAdam↑, γH2AX↑, eff↑, BAX↑, Fas↑, Pin1↓,
2919- LT,    Luteolin as a potential therapeutic candidate for lung cancer: Emerging preclinical evidence
- Review, Var, NA
RadioS↑, ChemoSen↑, chemoP↑, *lipid-P↓, *Catalase↑, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *GSTs↑, *GSH↑, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *Casp3↓, *IL10↑, NRF2↓, HO-1↓, NQO1↓, GSH↓, MET↓, p‑MET↓, p‑Akt↓, HGF/c-Met↓, NF-kB↓, Bcl-2↓, SOD2↓, Casp8↑, Casp3↑, PARP↑, MAPK↓, NLRP3↓, ASC↓, Casp1↓, IL6↓, IKKα↓, p‑p65↓, p‑p38↑, MMP2↓, ICAM-1↓, EGFR↑, p‑PI3K↓, E-cadherin↓, ZO-1↑, N-cadherin↓, CLDN1↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, Snail↓, Vim↑, ITGB1↓, FAK↓, p‑Src↓, Rac1↓, Cdc42↓, Rho↓, PCNA↓, Tyro3↓, AXL↓, CEA↓, NSE↓, SOD↓, Catalase↓, GPx↓, GSR↓, GSTs↓, GSH↓, VitE↓, VitC↓, CYP1A1↓, cFos↑, AR↓, AIF↑, p‑STAT6↓, p‑MDM2↓, NOTCH1↓, VEGF↓, H3↓, H4↓, HDAC↓, SIRT1↓, ROS↑, DR5↑, Cyt‑c↑, p‑JNK↑, PTEN↓, mTOR↓, CD34↓, FasL↑, Fas↑, XIAP↓, p‑eIF2α↑, CHOP↑, LC3II↑, PD-1↓, STAT3↓, IL2↑, EMT↓, cachexia↓, BioAv↑, *Half-Life↝, *eff↑,
4964- PEITC,    Irreversible Inhibition of Glutathione S-Transferase by Phenethyl Isothiocyanate (PEITC), a Dietary Cancer Chemopreventive Phytochemical
- in-vitro, Var, NA
GSH↓, GSTA1↓, chemoPv↑,
4922- PEITC,    Phenethyl Isothiocyanate: A comprehensive review of anti-cancer mechanisms
- Review, Var, NA
Risk↓, AntiCan↑, TumCP↓, TumMeta↓, ChemoSen↑, *BioAv↑, *other↝, *Dose↝, Dose↓, *BioAv↑, *Dose↝, *Half-Life↝, *toxicity↝, GSH↓, ROS↑, CYP1A1↑, CYP1A2↑, P450↓, CYP2E1↑, CYP3A4↓, CYP2A3/CYP2A6↓, *ROS↓, *GPx1↑, *SOD1↑, *SOD2↑, Akt↓, EGFR↓, HER2/EBBR2↓, P53↑, Telomerase↓, selectivity↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, Apoptosis↑, DR4↑, Fas↑, XIAP↓, survivin↓, TumAuto↑, Hif1a↓, angioG↓, MMPs↓, ERK↓, NF-kB↓, EMT↓, TumCI↓, TumCMig↓, Glycolysis↓, ATP↓, selectivity↑, *antiOx↑, Dose↝, other↝, OCR↓, GSH↓, ITGB1↓, ITGB6↓, ChemoSen↑,
2649- PL,    Oxidative Stress Inducers in Cancer Therapy: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence
- Review, Var, NA
AntiCan↑, ROS↑, GSH↓, TrxR↓, Trx↓, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, ER Stress↑, DNAdam↑, ChemoSen↑, BioAv↓,
2946- PL,    Piperlongumine, a potent anticancer phytotherapeutic: Perspectives on contemporary status and future possibilities as an anticancer agent
- Review, Var, NA
ROS↑, GSH↓, DNAdam↑, ChemoSen↑, RadioS↑, BioEnh↑, selectivity↑, BioAv↓, eff↑, p‑Akt↓, mTOR↓, GSK‐3β↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, HK2↓, Glycolysis↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp9↑, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, cl‑PARP↑, TrxR↓, ER Stress↑, ATF4↝, CHOP↑, Prx4↑, NF-kB↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓, p‑RB1↓, RAS↓, cMyc↓, TumCCA↑, selectivity↑, STAT3↓, NRF2↑, HO-1↑, PTEN↑, P-gp↓, MDR1↓, MRP1↓, survivin↓, Twist↓, AP-1↓, Sp1/3/4↓, STAT1↓, STAT6↓, SOX4↑, XBP-1↑, P21↑, eff↑, Inflam↓, COX2↓, IL6↓, MMP9↓, TumMeta↓, TumCI↓, ICAM-1↓, CXCR4↓, VEGF↓, angioG↓, Half-Life↝, BioAv↑,
2948- PL,    The promising potential of piperlongumine as an emerging therapeutics for cancer
- Review, Var, NA
tumCV↓, TumCP↓, TumCI↓, angioG↓, EMT↓, TumMeta↓, *hepatoP↑, *lipid-P↓, *GSH↑, cardioP↑, CycB/CCNB1↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, CDK2↓, CDK1↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓, PCNA↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, Glycolysis↓, NF-kB↓, IKKα↓, JAK1↓, JAK2↓, STAT3↓, ERK↓, cFos↓, Slug↓, E-cadherin↑, TOP2↓, P53↑, P21↑, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, Casp8↑, p‑HER2/EBBR2↓, HO-1↑, NRF2↑, BIM↑, p‑FOXO3↓, Sp1/3/4↓, cMyc↓, EGFR↓, survivin↓, cMET↓, NQO1↑, SOD2↑, TrxR↓, MDM2↓, p‑eIF2α↑, ATF4↑, CHOP↑, MDA↑, Ki-67↓, MMP9↓, Twist↓, SOX2↓, Nanog↓, OCT4↓, N-cadherin↓, Vim↓, Snail↓, TumW↓, TumCG↓, HK2↓, RB1↓, IL6↓, IL8↓, SOD1↑, RadioS↑, ChemoSen↑, toxicity↓, Sp1/3/4↓, GSH↓, SOD↑,
2950- PL,    Overview of piperlongumine analogues and their therapeutic potential
- Review, Var, NA
AntiAg↑, neuroP↑, Inflam↓, NO↓, PGE2↓, MMP3↓, MMP13↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, p38↑, JNK↑, NF-kB↑, ROS↑, FOXM1↓, TrxR1↓, GSH↓, Trx↓, cMyc↓, Casp3↑, Bcl-2↓, Mcl-1↓, STAT3↓, AR↓, DNAdam↑,
2004- PLB,    Plumbagin Inhibits Proliferative and Inflammatory Responses of T Cells Independent of ROS Generation But by Modulating Intracellular Thiols
- in-vivo, Var, NA
TumCP↓, TumCG↓, NF-kB↓, ROS↑, GSH↓, eff↓, i-Thiols↓, GSH/GSSG↓, *GSH↓, *ROS↑,
1989- PTL,    Parthenolide and Its Soluble Analogues: Multitasking Compounds with Antitumor Properties
- Review, Var, NA
eff↑, NF-kB↓, STAT↓, ROS↑, Inflam↓, Wnt↓, TCF-4↓, LEF1↓, GSH↓, MMP↓, Casp↑, eff↓, CSCs↓,
923- QC,    Quercetin as an innovative therapeutic tool for cancer chemoprevention: Molecular mechanisms and implications in human health
- Review, Var, NA
ROS↑, GSH↓, Ca+2↝, MMP↓, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, other↓, *ROS↓, *NRF2↑, HO-1↑, TumCCA↑, Inflam↓, STAT3↓, DR5↑, P450↓, MMPs↓, IFN-γ↓, IL6↓, COX2↓, IL8↓, iNOS↓, TNF-α↓, cl‑PARP↑, Apoptosis↑, P53↑, Sp1/3/4↓, survivin↓, TRAILR↑, Casp10↑, DFF45↑, TNFR 1↑, Fas↑, NF-kB↓, IKKα↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, PI3K↓, Akt↓, E-cadherin↓, Vim↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, cMyc↓, EMT↓, MMP2↓, NOTCH1↓, MMP7↓, angioG↓, TSP-1↑, CSCs↓, XIAP↓, Snail↓, Slug↓, LEF1↓, P-gp↓, EGFR↓, GSK‐3β↓, mTOR↓, RAGE↓, HSP27↓, VEGF↓, TGF-β↓, COL1↓, COL3A1↓,
899- QC,    Intracellular metabolism and bioactivity of quercetin and its in vivo metabolites
- in-vivo, Var, NA
ROS↑, GSH↓,
5045- SAS,    Sulfasalazine, a potent cystine-glutamate transporter inhibitor, enhances osteogenic differentiation of canine adipose-derived stem cells
- in-vivo, Var, NA
xCT↓, GSH↓, BMPs↑, Diff↑,
5044- SAS,    xCT inhibitor sulfasalazine depletes paclitaxel-resistant tumor cells through ferroptosis in uterine serous carcinoma
- in-vitro, Var, NA
xCT↓, Ferroptosis↑, ROS↑, IL1↓, IL2↓, NF-kB↓, GSH↓, TumCG↓, ChemoSen↑,
5042- SAS,    xCT: A Critical Molecule That Links Cancer Metabolism to Redox Signaling
- Review, Var, NA
xCT↓, GSH↓, TumCG↓, TumCI↓, ROS↑, RadioS↑, eff↓,
1723- SFN,    Sulforaphane as a potential remedy against cancer: Comprehensive mechanistic review
- Review, Var, NA
*NRF2↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, cl‑PARP↑, Apoptosis↑, AMPK↑, GSH↓,
1722- SFN,    Sulforaphane as an anticancer molecule: mechanisms of action, synergistic effects, enhancement of drug safety, and delivery systems
- Review, Var, NA
TumCCA↑, CYP1A1↓, CYP3A4↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp9↑, Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, MAPK↑, P53↑, BAX↑, ChemoSen↑, HDAC↓, GSH↓, HO-1↑,
3290- SIL,    A review of therapeutic potentials of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) and its main constituent, silymarin, on cancer, and their related patents
- Analysis, Var, NA
hepatoP↑, chemoP↑, *lipid-P↓, *antiOx↑, tumCV↓, TumCMig↓, Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, GSH↓, Bcl-2↓, survivin↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, NOTCH1↓, BAX↑, NF-kB↓, COX2↓, LOX1↓, iNOS↓, TNF-α↓, IL1↓, Inflam↓, *toxicity↓, CXCR4↓, EGFR↓, ERK↓, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, TumCCA↑, RB1↑, P53↑, P21↑, p27↑, cycE/CCNE↓, CDK4↓, p‑pRB↓, Hif1a↓, cMyc↓, IL1β↓, IFN-γ↓, PCNA↓, PSA↓, CYP1A1↓,
2188- SK,    Molecular mechanism of shikonin inhibiting tumor growth and potential application in cancer treatment
- Review, Var, NA
ROS↑, EGFR↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, angioG↓, Apoptosis↑, Necroptosis↑, GSH↓, Ca+2↓, MMP↓, ERK↓, p38↑, proCasp3↑, eff↓, VEGF↓, FOXO3↑, EGR1↑, SIRT1↑, RIP1↑, RIP3↑, BioAv↓, NF-kB↓, Half-Life↓,
2202- SK,    Enhancing Tumor Therapy of Fe(III)-Shikonin Supramolecular Nanomedicine via Triple Ferroptosis Amplification
- in-vitro, Var, NA
Iron↑, Ferroptosis↑, pH↝, H2O2↑, ROS↑, Fenton↑, GSH↓, GPx4↓, lipid-P↑,
3041- SK,    Promising Nanomedicines of Shikonin for Cancer Therapy
- Review, Var, NA
Glycolysis↓, TAMS↝, BioAv↓, Half-Life↝, P21↑, ERK↓, ROS↑, GSH↓, MMP↓, TrxR↓, MMP13↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, SIRT2↑, Hif1a↓, PKM2↓, TumCP↓, TumMeta↓, TumCI↓,
5093- SSE,    Pharmacological mechanisms of the anticancer action of sodium selenite against peritoneal cancer in mice
- in-vivo, Var, NA
AntiCan↑, eff↑, selectivity↑, ROS↑, Dose↝, Trx↓, GSH↓,
5092- SSE,    Redox-Active Selenium Compounds—From Toxicity and Cell Death to Cancer Treatment
- Review, Var, NA
*antiOx↑, ROS↑, GSH↓, BioAv↓,
5331- TFdiG,    Anti-Cancer Properties of Theaflavins
- Review, Var, NA
AntiCan↑, TumCP↓, TumCMig↓, Apoptosis↑, cl‑PARP↑, cl‑Casp3↑, cl‑Casp7↑, cl‑Casp8↑, cl‑Casp9↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, p‑Akt↓, p‑mTOR↓, PI3K↓, cMyc↓, P53↑, ROS↑, NF-kB↓, MMP9↓, MMP2↓, TumVol↓, PSA↓, TumCCA↑, VEGF↓, Hif1a↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, GSH↓, Dose↑, BioAv↓, BioAv↓, BioAv↑,
2119- TQ,    Dual properties of Nigella Sativa: anti-oxidant and pro-oxidant
- Review, Var, NA
*ROS↓, ROS↑, chemoP↑, RenoP↑, hepatoP↑, NLRP3↓, neuroP↑, NF-kB↓, P21↑, HDAC↓, Apoptosis↑, TumCP↓, GSH↓, GADD45A↑, GSK‐3β↑,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 50 of 51
Page 1 of 2 Next

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 51

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↓, 1,   antiOx⇅, 1,   Catalase↓, 3,   Copper↑, 1,   CYP1A1↓, 3,   CYP1A1↑, 1,   CYP2E1↑, 1,   Fenton↑, 4,   Ferroptosis↑, 6,   GPx↓, 2,   GPx4↓, 6,   GSH↓, 52,   GSH/GSSG↓, 1,   GSR↓, 1,   GSTA1↓, 1,   GSTs↓, 1,   H2O2↑, 2,   HO-1↓, 3,   HO-1↑, 5,   Iron↑, 4,   lipid-P↓, 1,   lipid-P↑, 4,   MDA↓, 3,   MDA↑, 3,   NQO1↓, 1,   NQO1↑, 1,   NRF2↓, 3,   NRF2↑, 4,   NRF2⇅, 1,   mt-OXPHOS↓, 2,   Prx4↑, 1,   PYCR1↓, 1,   ROS↑, 45,   mt-ROS↑, 1,   SOD↓, 3,   SOD↑, 2,   SOD1↑, 1,   SOD2↓, 1,   SOD2↑, 1,   Thiols↓, 1,   i-Thiols↓, 1,   Trx↓, 3,   TrxR↓, 5,   TrxR1↓, 1,   VitC↓, 1,   VitE↓, 1,   xCT↓, 4,  

Metal & Cofactor Biology ⓘ

Ferritin↓, 1,   NCOA4↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

AIF↑, 1,   ATP↓, 4,   FGFR1↓, 1,   mitResp↓, 1,   MMP↓, 14,   mtDam↑, 2,   OCR↓, 1,   XIAP↓, 6,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

ACSL4↑, 1,   AMPK↑, 2,   CAIX↓, 1,   cMyc↓, 8,   CYP3A4↓, 2,   GAPDH↓, 2,   GlutaM↓, 1,   Glycolysis↓, 8,   HK2↓, 5,   LDH↓, 2,   MethCyc↓, 1,   NADPH↓, 2,   PDH↓, 1,   PKM2↓, 2,   PPP↓, 1,   SIRT1↓, 1,   SIRT1↑, 1,   SIRT2↑, 1,   TCA↓, 1,   Warburg↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 12,   p‑Akt↓, 3,   APAF1↑, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 18,   BAX↑, 13,   Bax:Bcl2↑, 3,   Bcl-2↓, 17,   Bcl-xL↓, 1,   BIM↑, 1,   Casp↑, 2,   Casp1↓, 1,   Casp10↑, 1,   Casp12↑, 2,   Casp3↓, 2,   Casp3↑, 15,   cl‑Casp3↑, 3,   proCasp3↑, 1,   Casp7↑, 3,   cl‑Casp7↑, 1,   Casp8↑, 5,   cl‑Casp8↑, 1,   Casp9↑, 10,   cl‑Casp9↑, 2,   Cyt‑c↓, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 16,   DR4↑, 1,   DR5↑, 3,   FADD↑, 1,   Fas↑, 7,   FasL↑, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 6,   HGF/c-Met↓, 1,   iNOS↓, 3,   JNK↓, 1,   JNK↑, 1,   p‑JNK↑, 3,   MAPK↓, 3,   MAPK↑, 1,   Mcl-1↓, 3,   MDM2↓, 1,   p‑MDM2↓, 1,   MOMP↑, 1,   Necroptosis↑, 1,   p27↑, 2,   p38↑, 4,   p‑p38↑, 1,   RIP1↑, 1,   survivin↓, 7,   Telomerase↓, 1,   TNFR 1↑, 1,   TRAILR↑, 1,   TumCD↑, 1,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction ⓘ

HER2/EBBR2↓, 1,   p‑HER2/EBBR2↓, 1,   Sp1/3/4↓, 4,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

H3↓, 1,   H4↓, 1,   other↓, 2,   other↑, 1,   other↝, 2,   p‑pRB↓, 1,   sonoS↑, 1,   tumCV↓, 2,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

ATF6↑, 1,   CHOP↑, 6,   p‑eIF2α↑, 2,   ER Stress↑, 7,   GRP78/BiP↑, 1,   HSP27↓, 2,   IRE1↑, 1,   PERK↑, 2,   XBP-1↑, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

ATG5↑, 1,   Beclin-1↑, 1,   LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, 1,   LC3A↑, 1,   LC3I↑, 1,   LC3II↑, 3,   p62↓, 3,   p62↑, 1,   TumAuto↑, 3,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

CHK1↓, 1,   DFF45↑, 1,   DNAdam↑, 8,   GADD45A↑, 1,   p16↑, 1,   P53↑, 13,   PARP↓, 1,   PARP↑, 1,   cl‑PARP↑, 9,   PCNA↓, 5,   γH2AX↑, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

CDK1↓, 3,   CDK2↓, 3,   CDK4↓, 7,   Cyc↓, 1,   CycB/CCNB1↓, 3,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 7,   cycE/CCNE↓, 1,   P21↑, 9,   RB1↓, 1,   RB1↑, 1,   p‑RB1↓, 1,   TumCCA↓, 1,   TumCCA↑, 17,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

CD34↓, 1,   CD44↓, 1,   cFos↓, 1,   cFos↑, 1,   cMET↓, 1,   CSCs↓, 4,   Diff↑, 1,   EMT↓, 6,   EMT↑, 1,   ERK↓, 7,   ERK↑, 1,   p‑ERK↑, 1,   FOXM1↓, 1,   FOXO3↑, 1,   p‑FOXO3↓, 1,   GSK‐3β↓, 3,   GSK‐3β↑, 1,   HDAC↓, 4,   HDAC8↓, 1,   miR-34a↑, 1,   mTOR↓, 7,   p‑mTOR↓, 2,   mTORC2↓, 1,   Nanog↓, 1,   NOTCH1↓, 3,   OCT4↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 5,   p‑PI3K↓, 1,   PTEN↓, 1,   PTEN↑, 2,   RAS↓, 1,   SCF↓, 1,   SOX2↓, 1,   p‑Src↓, 1,   STAT↓, 1,   STAT1↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 7,   STAT6↓, 2,   p‑STAT6↓, 1,   TCF-4↓, 1,   TOP2↓, 1,   TRPM7↓, 1,   TumCG↓, 7,   Wnt↓, 2,  

Migration ⓘ

AntiAg↑, 1,   AP-1↓, 1,   AXL↓, 2,   Ca+2↓, 1,   Ca+2↑, 3,   Ca+2↝, 1,   CAFs/TAFs↓, 1,   Cdc42↓, 1,   CEA↓, 1,   CLDN1↓, 1,   COL1↓, 1,   COL3A1↓, 1,   E-cadherin↓, 2,   E-cadherin↑, 5,   F-actin↓, 1,   FAK↓, 1,   p‑FAK↓, 1,   ITGB1↓, 2,   ITGB6↓, 1,   Ki-67↓, 3,   LEF1↓, 2,   MET↓, 1,   p‑MET↓, 1,   MMP13↓, 2,   MMP2↓, 9,   MMP3↓, 1,   MMP7↓, 1,   MMP9↓, 8,   MMPs↓, 2,   N-cadherin↓, 5,   PKCδ↓, 1,   Rac1↓, 1,   RAGE↓, 1,   Rho↓, 1,   RIP3↑, 1,   ROCK1↓, 1,   Slug↓, 2,   SMAD2↓, 1,   Snail↓, 4,   SOX4↑, 1,   TGF-β↓, 1,   TIMP2↑, 1,   TIMP3↑, 1,   TSP-1↑, 1,   TumCA↑, 1,   TumCI↓, 12,   TumCMig↓, 7,   TumCMig↑, 1,   TumCP↓, 9,   TumMeta↓, 7,   TumMeta↑, 1,   Twist↓, 3,   Tyro3↓, 1,   uPA↓, 1,   Vim↓, 5,   Vim↑, 1,   ZEB2↓, 1,   ZO-1↑, 1,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 6,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 11,   ATF4↑, 2,   ATF4↝, 1,   EGFR↓, 5,   EGFR↑, 1,   EGR1↑, 1,   Hif1a↓, 6,   LOX1↓, 1,   NO↓, 1,   TAMS↝, 1,   VEGF↓, 13,   VEGFR2↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

P-gp↓, 2,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

ASC↓, 1,   COX2↓, 6,   CXCR4↓, 2,   ICAM-1↓, 2,   IFN-γ↓, 3,   IKKα↓, 3,   IL1↓, 2,   IL1β↓, 1,   IL2↓, 2,   IL2↑, 1,   IL4↓, 1,   IL6↓, 4,   IL8↓, 4,   Imm↑, 1,   Inflam↓, 7,   JAK1↓, 1,   JAK2↓, 2,   NF-kB↓, 15,   NF-kB↑, 1,   p‑p65↓, 1,   PD-1↓, 1,   PD-L1↓, 1,   PGE2↓, 1,   PSA↓, 3,   TNF-α↓, 3,  

Cellular Microenvironment ⓘ

pH↝, 1,  

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

NLRP3↓, 2,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors ⓘ

AR↓, 3,   CDK6↓, 3,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 9,   BioAv↑, 4,   BioAv↝, 1,   BioEnh↑, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 20,   CYP1A2↑, 1,   CYP2A3/CYP2A6↓, 1,   Dose↓, 1,   Dose↑, 1,   Dose↝, 5,   eff↓, 7,   eff↑, 9,   eff↝, 2,   Half-Life↓, 3,   Half-Life↝, 2,   MDR1↓, 1,   MRP1↓, 1,   P450↓, 2,   RadioS↑, 9,   selectivity↑, 12,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

AFP↓, 2,   AR↓, 3,   BMPs↑, 1,   CEA↓, 1,   EGFR↓, 5,   EGFR↑, 1,   Ferritin↓, 1,   FOXM1↓, 1,   HER2/EBBR2↓, 1,   p‑HER2/EBBR2↓, 1,   IL6↓, 4,   Ki-67↓, 3,   LDH↓, 2,   NSE↓, 1,   PD-L1↓, 1,   PSA↓, 3,   RAGE↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiAge↑, 1,   AntiCan↑, 12,   cachexia↓, 1,   cardioP↑, 1,   chemoP↑, 4,   chemoPv↑, 2,   ChemoSideEff↓, 1,   hepatoP↑, 3,   neuroP↑, 2,   OS↑, 2,   Pin1↓, 2,   RenoP↑, 1,   Risk↓, 1,   toxicity↓, 1,   toxicity↑, 1,   toxicity↝, 1,   TumVol↓, 1,   TumW↓, 2,   Weight↑, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome ⓘ

AntiFungal↑, 1,   Bacteria↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 385

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 8,   Catalase↑, 3,   GPx↑, 3,   GPx1↑, 1,   GSH↓, 1,   GSH↑, 5,   GSR↑, 2,   GSTs↑, 3,   Keap1↓, 1,   lipid-P↓, 7,   MDA↓, 1,   MPO↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 4,   ROS↓, 9,   ROS↑, 1,   SOD↑, 4,   SOD1↑, 1,   SOD2↑, 1,   TBARS↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

ALAT↓, 3,   H2S↑, 1,   LDH↓, 4,   NADPH↑, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 1,   Casp3↓, 1,   iNOS↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

other↑, 1,   other↝, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

PI3K↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

NO↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

BBB↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX2↓, 1,   IL10↑, 1,   IL1β↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 5,   NF-kB↓, 2,   PGE2↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 2,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 1,   BioAv↑, 3,   Dose↝, 2,   eff↑, 2,   Half-Life↝, 3,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

ALAT↓, 3,   ALP↓, 2,   AST↓, 3,   BP↓, 1,   creat↓, 1,   GutMicro↑, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   LDH↓, 4,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

cardioP↑, 1,   chemoP↑, 1,   cognitive↑, 1,   hepatoP↑, 2,   memory↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 2,   Pain↓, 1,   toxicity↓, 3,   toxicity↝, 1,   Wound Healing↑, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome ⓘ

Bacteria↓, 1,   Diar↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 64

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: GSH, Glutathione
4 Artemisinin
4 Sulfasalazine
4 Piperlongumine
3 3-bromopyruvate
3 Shikonin
2 Allicin (mainly Garlic)
2 Carvacrol
2 Chrysin
2 diet Methionine-Restricted Diet
2 Juglone
2 Phenethyl isothiocyanate
2 Quercetin
2 Sulforaphane (mainly Broccoli)
2 Selenite (Sodium)
2 Thymoquinone
1 2-DeoxyGlucose
1 Aloe anthraquinones
1 Baicalein
1 Bromelain
1 Thymol-Thymus vulgaris
1 chemodynamic therapy
1 chitosan
1 Selenium
1 Curcumin
1 erastin
1 Ferulic acid
1 Luteolin
1 Plumbagin
1 Parthenolide
1 Silymarin (Milk Thistle) silibinin
1 Aflavin-3,3′-digallate
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:26  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:137  State#:%  Dir#:1
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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