PCNA Cancer Research Results

PCNA, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen: Click to Expand ⟱
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Type:
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) is a protein that plays a crucial role in DNA replication and repair. It acts as a processivity factor for DNA polymerase, helping to increase the efficiency of DNA synthesis. PCNA is also involved in various cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, DNA damage response, and chromatin remodeling.
PCNA is often overexpressed in many types of tumors. This overexpression is associated with increased cell proliferation, which is a hallmark of cancer. The elevated levels of PCNA can serve as a biomarker for tumor growth and progression.
PCNA is called the “ringmaster of the genome” : it regulates the cell cycle and participates in DNA synthesis. PCNA is widely used as a cell proliferation marker in both healthy and malignant tissues.
Var, Various Cancer: Click to Expand ⟱
Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 overexpression has been noted in various cancers. PI3Ks/AKT pathways are over-activated in several types of cancers.
EGFR altered activity has been noted in various pathological conditions. However, its regulation is an important step in the inhibition of cancer. In this regard, EGCG shows a pivotal role in the inhibition of EGFR activity.
Activating protein-1 transcription factor has been associated with pathogenesis including cancer.
Activation of the sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway is required for the growth of numerous tissues and organs and recent evidence indicates that this pathway is often recruited to stimulate growth of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and to orchestrate the reprogramming of cancer cells via epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Increased expression of Nanog has been associated with the aggressive nature of certain cancers, highlighting its role in promoting cancer stem cell characteristics.
The aberrant hedgehog (Hh)/GLI signaling pathway causes the formation and progression of a variety of tumors.
The process of cell apoptosis is often accompanied by the destruction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, which is widely regarded as one of the earliest events in the process of cell apoptosis.
Human malignancies frequently exhibit mutations in the TGF-β pathway, and overactivation of this system is linked to tumor growth by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting the innate and adaptive antitumor immune responses50.
Several studies have demonstrated that high cyclin D1 expression was observed in cancers including breast, lung, prostate, lymph node and colorectal cancers [23–25].
The oncogene c-myc, which is frequently over-expressed in cancer cells, is involved in the transactivation of most of the glycolytic enzymes including lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and the glucose transporter GLUT1 [51,52]. Thus, c-myc activation is a likely candidate to promote the enhanced glucose uptake and lactate release in the proliferating cancer cell.
Vimentin is overexpressed in various epithelial cancers, including prostate cancer, gastrointestinal tumors, tumors of the central nervous system, breast cancer, malignant melanoma, and lung cancer. Vimentin’s overexpression in cancer correlates well with accelerated tumor growth, invasion, and poor prognosis; however, the role of vimentin in cancer progression remains obscure.
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are normally induced under environmental stress to serve as chaperones for maintenance of correct protein folding but they are often overexpressed in many cancers, including breast cancer.
Since NQO1 is highly expressed in many solid tumors, including via upregulation of Nrf2, the design of compounds activated by NQO1 and NQO1-targeted drug delivery have been active areas of research.
Since increased Nrf2 gene expression is one of the main mechanisms of cancer cells in resisting chemotherapeutic drugs and survival in oxidative conditions; finding compounds with the ability to suppress Nrf2 gene expression with minimum side effects can be considered an important strategy for increasing the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy.
Overexpression of c-met stimulates proliferation, migration and invasion in various types of cancer including prostate cancer.
Overexpression of TGFα and EGFR by many carcinomas correlates with the development of cancer metastasis, resistance to chemotherapy and poor prognosis.
More than 50% of human cancers have a mutated nonfunctional p53.


Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
3391- ART/DHA,    Antitumor Activity of Artemisinin and Its Derivatives: From a Well-Known Antimalarial Agent to a Potential Anticancer Drug
- Review, Var, NA
TumCP↓, TumMeta↓, angioG↓, TumVol↓, BioAv↓, Half-Life↓, BioAv↑, eff↑, eff↓, ROS↑, selectivity↑, TumCCA↑, survivin↓, BAX↑, Casp3↓, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, CDC25↓, CycB/CCNB1↓, NF-kB↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, cycE/CCNE↓, E2Fs↓, P21↑, p27↑, ADP:ATP↑, MDM2↓, VEGF↓, IL8↓, COX2↓, MMP9↓, ER Stress↓, cMyc↓, GRP78/BiP↑, DNAdam↑, AP-1↓, MMP2↓, PKCδ↓, Raf↓, ERK↓, JNK↓, PCNA↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, TOP2↓, uPA↓, MMP7↓, TIMP2↑, Cdc42↑, E-cadherin↑,
3166- Ash,    Exploring the Multifaceted Therapeutic Potential of Withaferin A and Its Derivatives
- Review, Var, NA
*p‑PPARγ↓, *cardioP↑, *AMPK↑, *BioAv↝, *Half-Life↝, *Half-Life↝, *Dose↑, *chemoPv↑, IL6↓, STAT3↓, ROS↓, OXPHOS↓, PCNA↓, LDH↓, AMPK↑, TumCCA↑, NOTCH3↓, Akt↓, Bcl-2↓, Casp3↑, Apoptosis↑, eff↑, NF-kB↓, CSCs↓, HSP90↓, PI3K↓, FOXO3↑, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, N-cadherin↓, EMT↓, FASN↓, ACLY↓, ROS↑, NRF2↑, HO-1↑, NQO1↑, JNK↑, mTOR↓, neuroP↑, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *IL6↓, *IL8↓, *IL18↓, RadioS↑, eff↑,
3162- Ash,    Molecular insights into cancer therapeutic effects of the dietary medicinal phytochemical withaferin A
- Review, Var, NA
lipid-P↓, SOD↑, GPx↑, P53↑, Bcl-2↑, E6↓, E7↓, pRB↑, CycB/CCNB1↑, CDC2↑, P21↑, PCNA↓, ALDH1A1↓, Vim↓, Glycolysis↓, cMyc↓, BAX↑, NF-kB↓, Casp3↑, CHOP↑, DR5↑, ERK↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, Akt↓, HSP90↓,
5362- AV,    Anti-cancer effects of aloe-emodin: a systematic review
- Review, Var, NA
AntiCan↑, eff↝, TumCP↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, TumCCA↑, TumCD↑, MMP↓, ROS↑, Apoptosis↑, CDK1↓, CycB/CCNB1↓, Bcl-2↓, PCNA↓, ATP↓, ER Stress↑, cl‑Casp3↑, cl‑Casp9↑, cl‑PARP↑, MMP2↓, Ca+2↑, DNAdam↑, Akt↓, PKCδ↓, mTORC2↓, GSH↓, ChemoSen↑,
5250- Ba,    Exploring baicalein: A natural flavonoid for enhancing cancer prevention and treatment
- Review, Var, NA
Apoptosis↑, TumAuto↑, DNAdam↑, *antiOx↑, Inflam↓, PGE2↓, TumCCA↑, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, angioG↓, selectivity↑, ChemoSen↑, HIF-1↓, cMyc↓, NF-kB↓, VEGF↓, P53↑, MMP2↓, CSCs↓, Bcl-xL↓, XIAP↓, survivin↓, tumCV↓, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, Bax:Bcl2↑, Akt↓, mTOR↓, PCNA↓, MMP↓, ROS↑, PARP↑, Casp9↑, BioAv↑, eff↑, P-gp↓, BioAv↑, selectivity↑,
4619- Bor,    Using Boron Supplementation in Cancer Prevention and Treatment: A Review Article
- Review, Var, NA
Dose↝, Risk↓, *antiOx↓, *Inflam↓, ChemoSen↑, AntiCan↑, *PCNA↓, *ROS↓, other↝,
5894- CAR,    Targeting Gastrointestinal Cancers with Carvacrol: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential
- Review, Var, NA
AntiCan↑, Apoptosis↑, Inflam↓, angioG↓, TumMeta↓, selectivity↑, BioAv↑, ChemoSen↑, Dose↝, TumCP↓, hepatoP↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, Bcl-2↓, ROS↑, GSH↓, BAX↑, Casp7↑, Casp8↑, Cyt‑c↑, Fas↑, FADD↑, P53↑, Bcl-2↓, TumMeta↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, E-cadherin↑, TIMP2↑, TIMP3↑, N-cadherin↓, ZEB2↓, *lipid-P↓, *AST↓, *ALAT↓, *ALP↓, *LDH↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *GSR↑, selectivity↑, cl‑PARP↑, ERK↓, p38↑, OS↑, AFP↓, COX2↓, VEGF↓, PCNA↓, Ki-67↓, TNF-α↓, BioAv↓,
6002- CGA,    Chlorogenic Acid: A Systematic Review on the Biological Functions, Mechanistic Actions, and Therapeutic Potentials
- Review, Var, NA - Review, Diabetic, NA - Review, AD, NA - Review, Park, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*neuroP↑, *Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *cardioP↑, *NRF2↑, *AMPK↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GSH↑, *GPx↑, *ROS↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL6↓, *NF-kB↓, *COX2↓, *glucose↓, *TRPC1↓, *Ca+2↓, *HO-1↑, *NF-kB↓, *PPARα↝, *Hif1a↓, *JNK↓, *BP↓, *AntiDiabetic↑, *hepatoP↑, *TLR4↓, *NRF2↑, *Casp↓, *neuroP↑, *Aβ↓, *LDH↓, *MDA↓, *memory↑, *AChE↓, *eff↑, EMT↝, N-cadherin↓, E-cadherin↑, TumCCA↑, ROS↑, p‑P53↑, HO-1↑, NRF2↑, ChemoSen↑, mtDam↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, PARP↑, Bax:Bcl2↑, TumCG↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, cMyc↓, CDK2↓, mitResp↓, Glycolysis↓, Hif1a↓, PCNA↓, p‑GSK‐3β↓, VEGF↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, OS↑,
2781- CHr,  PBG,    Chrysin a promising anticancer agent: recent perspectives
- Review, Var, NA
PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, MMP9↑, uPA↓, VEGF↓, AR↓, Casp↑, TumMeta↓, TumCCA↑, angioG↓, BioAv↓, *hepatoP↑, *neuroP↑, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *ROS↓, *Inflam↓, *Catalase↑, *MDA↓, ROS↓, BBB↑, Half-Life↓, BioAv↑, ROS↑, eff↑, ROS↑, ROS↑, lipid-P↑, ER Stress↑, NOTCH1↑, NRF2↓, p‑FAK↓, Rho↓, PCNA↓, COX2↓, NF-kB↓, PDK1↓, PDK3↑, GLUT1↓, Glycolysis↓, mt-ATP↓, Ki-67↓, cMyc↓, ROCK1↓, TOP1↓, TNF-α↓, IL1β↓, CycB/CCNB1↓, CDK2↓, EMT↓, STAT3↓, PD-L1↓, IL2↑,
2783- CHr,    Apoptotic Effects of Chrysin in Human Cancer Cell Lines
- Review, Var, NA
TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑, Casp↑, PCNA↓, p38↑, NF-kB↑, DNAdam↑, XIAP↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp3↑, Akt↓, SCF↓, hTERT/TERT↓, COX2↓, *Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *chemoPv↑, AR-V7?, CYP19?,
2784- CHr,    Chrysin targets aberrant molecular signatures and pathways in carcinogenesis (Review)
- Review, Var, NA
Apoptosis↑, TumCMig↓, *toxicity↝, ChemoSen↑, *BioAv↓, Dose↝, neuroP↑, *P450↓, *ROS↓, *HDL↑, *GSTs↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *MAPK↓, *NF-kB↓, *PTEN↑, *VEGF↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, Ca+2↑, selectivity↑, PCNA↓, Twist↓, EMT↓, CDKN1C↑, p‑STAT3↑, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, eff↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, hTERT/TERT↓, CLDN1↓, TumVol↓, OS↑, COX2↓, eff↑, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, selectivity↑, TumCCA↑, E-cadherin↑, HK2↓, HDAC↓,
2788- CHr,    Chrysin: Sources, beneficial pharmacological activities, and molecular mechanism of action
- Review, Var, NA
*neuroP↑, *Inflam↓, *ROS↓, NF-kB↓, *PCNA↓, *COX2↓, ChemoSen↑, Hif1a↓, angioG↓, *chemoPv↑, PDGF↓, *memory↑, *RenoP↑, *PPARα↑, *lipidLev↓, *hepatoP↑, *cardioP⇅, *BioAv↓,
1621- EA,    The multifaceted mechanisms of ellagic acid in the treatment of tumors: State-of-the-art
- Review, Var, NA
AntiCan↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCP↓, TumMeta↓, TumCI↓, TumAuto↑, VEGFR2↓, MAPK↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, PD-1↓, NOTCH↓, PCNA↓, Ki-67↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, CDK2↑, CDK6↓, Bcl-2↓, cl‑PARP↑, BAX↑, Casp3↑, DR4↑, DR5↑, Snail↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, TGF-β↑, PKCδ↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, SIRT1↓, HO-1↓, ROS↑, CHOP↑, Cyt‑c↑, MMP↓, OCR↓, AMPK↑, Hif1a↓, NF-kB↓, E-cadherin↑, Vim↓, EMT↓, LC3II↑, CIP2A↓, GLUT1↓, PDH↝, MAD↓, LDH↓, GSTs↑, NOTCH↓, survivin↓, XIAP↓, ER Stress↑, ChemoSideEff↓, ChemoSen↑,
3238- EGCG,    Green tea catechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG): mechanisms, perspectives and clinical applications
- Review, Var, NA
Telomerase↓, DNMTs↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, cycE/CCNE↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓, HATs↓, HDAC↓, selectivity↑, uPA↓, NF-kB↓, TNF-α↓, *ROS↓, *antiOx↑, Hif1a↓, VEGF↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, FAK↓, TIMP2↑, Mcl-1↓, survivin↓, XIAP↓, PCNA↓, p16↑, P21↑, p27↑, pRB↑, P53↑, MDM2↑, ROS↑, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, Cyt‑c↑, Diablo↑, BAX⇅, cl‑PPARα↓, PDGF↓, EGFR↓, FOXO↑, AP-1↓, JNK↓, COX2↓, angioG↓,
2827- FIS,    The Potential Role of Fisetin, a Flavonoid in Cancer Prevention and Treatment
- Review, Var, NA
*antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, neuroP↑, hepatoP↑, RenoP↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, TumCCA↑, MMPs↓, VEGF↓, MAPK↓, NF-kB↓, angioG↓, Beclin-1↑, LC3s↑, ATG5↑, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, Casp↑, TNF-α↓, Half-Life↓, MMP↓, mt-ROS↑, cl‑PARP↑, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, Cyt‑c↑, Diablo↑, DR5↑, Fas↑, PCNA↓, Ki-67↓, p‑H3↓, chemoP↑, Ca+2↑, Dose↝, CDC25↓, CDC2↓, CHK1↑, Chk2↑, ATM↑, PCK1↓, RAS↓, p‑p38↓, Rho↓, uPA↓, MMP7↓, MMP13↓, GSK‐3β↑, E-cadherin↑, survivin↓, VEGFR2↓, IAP2↓, STAT3↓, JAK1↓, mTORC1↓, mTORC2↓, NRF2↑,
2828- FIS,    Fisetin, a Potent Anticancer Flavonol Exhibiting Cytotoxic Activity against Neoplastic Malignant Cells and Cancerous Conditions: A Scoping, Comprehensive Review
- Review, Var, NA
*neuroP↑, *antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, RenoP↑, COX2↓, Wnt↓, EGFR↓, NF-kB↓, Casp3↑, Ca+2↑, Casp8↑, TumCCA↑, CDK1↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, MAPK↓, *P53↓, *P21↓, *p16↓, mTORC1↓, mTORC2↓, P53↑, P21↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, cycA1/CCNA1↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, PCNA↓, HER2/EBBR2↓, Cyt‑c↑, MMP↓, cl‑Casp9↑, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, cl‑PARP↑, uPA↓, DR4↑, DR5↑, ROS↓, AIF↑, CDC25↓, Dose↑, CHOP↑, ROS↑, cMyc↓, cardioP↑,
2864- HNK,    Honokiol: A Review of Its Anticancer Potential and Mechanisms
- Review, Var, NA
TumCCA↑, CDK2↓, EMT↓, MMPs↓, AMPK↑, TumCI↓, TumCMig↓, TumMeta↓, VEGFR2↓, *antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *BBB↑, *neuroP↑, *ROS↓, Dose↝, selectivity↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, NOTCH1↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, cMyc↓, P21?, DR5↑, cl‑PARP↑, P53↑, Mcl-1↑, p65↓, NF-kB↓, ROS↑, JNK↑, NRF2↑, cJun↑, EF-1α↓, MAPK↓, PI3K↓, mTORC1↓, CSCs↓, OCT4↓, Nanog↓, SOX4↓, STAT3↓, CDK4↓, p‑RB1↓, PGE2↓, COX2↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↑, IKKα↓, HDAC↓, HATs↑, H3↑, H4↑, LC3II↑, c-Raf↓, SIRT3↑, Hif1a↓, ER Stress↑, GRP78/BiP↑, cl‑CHOP↑, MMP↓, PCNA↓, Zeb1↓, NOTCH3↓, CD133↓, Nestin↓, ATG5↑, ATG7↑, survivin↓, ChemoSen↑, SOX2↓, OS↑, P-gp↓, Half-Life↓, Half-Life↝, eff↑, BioAv↓,
2919- LT,    Luteolin as a potential therapeutic candidate for lung cancer: Emerging preclinical evidence
- Review, Var, NA
RadioS↑, ChemoSen↑, chemoP↑, *lipid-P↓, *Catalase↑, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *GSTs↑, *GSH↑, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *Casp3↓, *IL10↑, NRF2↓, HO-1↓, NQO1↓, GSH↓, MET↓, p‑MET↓, p‑Akt↓, HGF/c-Met↓, NF-kB↓, Bcl-2↓, SOD2↓, Casp8↑, Casp3↑, PARP↑, MAPK↓, NLRP3↓, ASC↓, Casp1↓, IL6↓, IKKα↓, p‑p65↓, p‑p38↑, MMP2↓, ICAM-1↓, EGFR↑, p‑PI3K↓, E-cadherin↓, ZO-1↑, N-cadherin↓, CLDN1↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, Snail↓, Vim↑, ITGB1↓, FAK↓, p‑Src↓, Rac1↓, Cdc42↓, Rho↓, PCNA↓, Tyro3↓, AXL↓, CEA↓, NSE↓, SOD↓, Catalase↓, GPx↓, GSR↓, GSTs↓, GSH↓, VitE↓, VitC↓, CYP1A1↓, cFos↑, AR↓, AIF↑, p‑STAT6↓, p‑MDM2↓, NOTCH1↓, VEGF↓, H3↓, H4↓, HDAC↓, SIRT1↓, ROS↑, DR5↑, Cyt‑c↑, p‑JNK↑, PTEN↓, mTOR↓, CD34↓, FasL↑, Fas↑, XIAP↓, p‑eIF2α↑, CHOP↑, LC3II↑, PD-1↓, STAT3↓, IL2↑, EMT↓, cachexia↓, BioAv↑, *Half-Life↝, *eff↑,
3277- Lyco,    Recent trends and advances in the epidemiology, synergism, and delivery system of lycopene as an anti-cancer agent
- Review, Var, NA
antiOx↑, TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑, TumMeta↑, ChemoSen↑, BioAv↓, Dose↝, BioAv↓, BioAv↑, SOD↑, Catalase↑, GPx↑, IL2↑, IL4↑, IL1↑, TNF-α↑, GSH↑, GPx↑, GSTA1↑, GSR↑, PPARγ↑, Casp3↑, NF-kB↓, COX2↓, Bcl-2↑, BAX↓, P53↓, CHK1↓, Chk2↓, γH2AX↓, DNAdam↓, ROS↓, P21↑, PCNA↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, PGE2↓, ERK↓, cMyc↓, cycE/CCNE↓, JAK1↓, STAT3↓, SIRT1↑, cl‑PARP↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, TNF-α↓, IL6↓, p65↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, Wnt↓,
1708- Lyco,    The Anti-Cancer Activity of Lycopene: A Systematic Review of Human and Animal Studies
- Review, Var, NA
OS↑, ChemoSen↑, QoL↑, PSA∅, eff↑, AntiCan↑, AntiCan↑, angioG↓, VEGF↓, Hif1a↓, SOD↑, Catalase↑, GPx↑, GSH↑, GPx↑, GR↑, MDA↓, NRF2↑, HO-1↑, COX2↓, PGE2↓, NF-kB↓, IL4↑, IL10↑, IL6↓, TNF-α↓, PPARγ↑, TumCCA↑, FOXO3↓, Casp3↑, IGF-1↓, p27↑, STAT3↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, P21↑, PCNA↓, MMP7↓, MMP9↓,
5252- MAG,    Insights on the Multifunctional Activities of Magnolol
- Review, Var, NA
BioAv↓, *Inflam↓, *Bacteria↓, *antiOx↑, *neuroP↑, *cardioP↑, CYP1A1↓, *PPARγ↑, *NF-kB↓, *COX2↓, *iNOS↓, *ROS↓, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, cycA1/CCNA1↓, CDK2↓, P21↑, TumCG↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, Ki-67↓, PCNA↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, MMP7↓, DNAdam↑, MMP↓, TumCP↓, selectivity↑, PI3K↓, Akt↓, H2O2↓, Hif1a↓, *BDNF↑, *NRF2↑, *AChE↑,
1676- PBG,    Use of Stingless Bee Propolis and Geopropolis against Cancer—A Literature Review of Preclinical Studies
- Review, Var, NA
ROS↑, MMP↓, Bcl-2↓, eff↑, tumCV↓, TumCCA↑, angioG↓, PAK1↓, HDAC1↓, HDAC2↓, P53↑, PCNA↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, cycE/CCNE↓, P21?, BAX↑, cl‑Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, ChemoSen↑,
2948- PL,    The promising potential of piperlongumine as an emerging therapeutics for cancer
- Review, Var, NA
tumCV↓, TumCP↓, TumCI↓, angioG↓, EMT↓, TumMeta↓, *hepatoP↑, *lipid-P↓, *GSH↑, cardioP↑, CycB/CCNB1↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, CDK2↓, CDK1↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓, PCNA↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, Glycolysis↓, NF-kB↓, IKKα↓, JAK1↓, JAK2↓, STAT3↓, ERK↓, cFos↓, Slug↓, E-cadherin↑, TOP2↓, P53↑, P21↑, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, Casp8↑, p‑HER2/EBBR2↓, HO-1↑, NRF2↑, BIM↑, p‑FOXO3↓, Sp1/3/4↓, cMyc↓, EGFR↓, survivin↓, cMET↓, NQO1↑, SOD2↑, TrxR↓, MDM2↓, p‑eIF2α↑, ATF4↑, CHOP↑, MDA↑, Ki-67↓, MMP9↓, Twist↓, SOX2↓, Nanog↓, OCT4↓, N-cadherin↓, Vim↓, Snail↓, TumW↓, TumCG↓, HK2↓, RB1↓, IL6↓, IL8↓, SOD1↑, RadioS↑, ChemoSen↑, toxicity↓, Sp1/3/4↓, GSH↓, SOD↑,
3930- PTS,    A Review of Pterostilbene Antioxidant Activity and Disease Modification
- Review, Var, NA - Review, adrenal, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*BioAv↑, *antiOx↑, *neuroP↑, *Inflam↓, *ROS↓, *H2O2↓, *GSH↑, *GPx↑, *GSR↑, *SOD↑, TumCG↓, PTEN↑, HGF/c-Met↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, NF-kB↓, TumMeta↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, Ki-67↓, Casp3↑, MMP↓, H2O2↑, ROS↑, ChemoSen↑, *cardioP↑, *CDK2↓, *CDK4↓, *cycE/CCNE↓, *cycD1/CCND1↓, *RB1↓, *PCNA↓, *CREB↑, *GABA↑, *memory↑, *IGF-1↑, *ERK↑, TIMP1↑, BAX↑, Cyt‑c↑, Diablo↑, SOD2↑,
3354- QC,    Quercetin: Its Main Pharmacological Activity and Potential Application in Clinical Medicine
- Review, Var, NA
*ROS↓, *IronCh↓, *lipid-P↓, *GSH↑, *NRF2↑, TumCCA↑, ER Stress↑, P53↑, CDK2↓, cycA1/CCNA1↓, CycB/CCNB1↓, cycE/CCNE↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, PCNA↓, P21↑, p27↑, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, STAT3↓, cFLIP↓, cMyc↓, survivin↓, DR5↓, *Inflam↓, *IL6↓, *IL8↓, COX2↓, 5LO↓, *cardioP↑, *FASN↓, *AntiAg↑, *MDA↓,
3368- QC,    The potential anti-cancer effects of quercetin on blood, prostate and lung cancers: An update
- Review, Var, NA
*Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *AntiCan↑, Casp3↓, p‑Akt↓, p‑mTOR↓, p‑ERK↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, Hif1a↓, AntiAg↓, VEGFR2↓, EMT↓, EGFR↓, MMP2↓, MMP↓, TumMeta↓, MMPs↓, Akt↓, Snail↓, N-cadherin↓, Vim↓, E-cadherin↑, STAT3↓, TGF-β↓, ROS↓, P53↑, BAX↑, PKCδ↓, PI3K↓, COX2↓, cFLIP↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, cMyc↓, IL6↓, IL10↓, Cyt‑c↑, TumCCA↑, DNMTs↓, HDAC↓, ac‑H3↑, ac‑H4↑, Diablo↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, PARP1↑, eff↑, PTEN↑, VEGF↓, NO↓, iNOS↓, ChemoSen↑, eff↑, eff↑, eff↑, uPA↓, CXCR4↓, CXCL12↓, CLDN2↓, CDK6↓, MMP9↓, TSP-1↑, Ki-67↓, PCNA↓, ROS↑, ER Stress↑,
3301- SIL,    Critical review of therapeutic potential of silymarin in cancer: A bioactive polyphenolic flavonoid
- Review, Var, NA
Inflam↓, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↓, TumMeta↓, TumCG↓, angioG↓, chemoP↑, radioP↑, p‑ERK↓, p‑p38↓, p‑JNK↓, P53↑, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓, TGF-β↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, E-cadherin↑, Wnt↓, Vim↓, VEGF↓, IL6↓, STAT3↓, *ROS↓, IL1β↓, PGE2↓, CDK1↓, CycB/CCNB1↓, survivin↓, Mcl-1↓, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, cMyc↓, COX2↓, Hif1a↓, CXCR4↓, CSCs↓, EMT↓, N-cadherin↓, PCNA↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, ROS↑, eff↑, eff↑, eff↑, HER2/EBBR2↓,
3290- SIL,    A review of therapeutic potentials of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) and its main constituent, silymarin, on cancer, and their related patents
- Analysis, Var, NA
hepatoP↑, chemoP↑, *lipid-P↓, *antiOx↑, tumCV↓, TumCMig↓, Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, GSH↓, Bcl-2↓, survivin↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, NOTCH1↓, BAX↑, NF-kB↓, COX2↓, LOX1↓, iNOS↓, TNF-α↓, IL1↓, Inflam↓, *toxicity↓, CXCR4↓, EGFR↓, ERK↓, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, TumCCA↑, RB1↑, P53↑, P21↑, p27↑, cycE/CCNE↓, CDK4↓, p‑pRB↓, Hif1a↓, cMyc↓, IL1β↓, IFN-γ↓, PCNA↓, PSA↓, CYP1A1↓,
3288- SIL,    Silymarin in cancer therapy: Mechanisms of action, protective roles in chemotherapy-induced toxicity, and nanoformulations
- Review, Var, NA
Inflam↓, lipid-P↓, TumMeta↓, angioG↓, chemoP↑, EMT↓, HDAC↓, HATs↑, MMPs↓, uPA↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, VEGF↓, CD31↓, Hif1a↓, VEGFR2↓, Raf↓, MEK↓, ERK↓, BIM↓, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓, Casp↑, MAPK↓, P53↑, LC3II↑, mTOR↓, YAP/TEAD↓, *BioAv↓, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, PCNA↓, cMyc↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, survivin↓, APAF1↑, Casp3↑, MDSCs↓, IL10↓, IL2↑, IFN-γ↑, hepatoP↑, cardioP↑, GSH↑, neuroP↑,
3573- TQ,    Chronic diseases, inflammation, and spices: how are they linked?
- Review, Var, NA
NF-kB↓, XIAP↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, STAT3↓, JAK2↓, cSrc↓, PCNA↓, MMP2↓, ERK↓, Ki-67↓, Bcl-2↓, VEGF↓, p65↓, COX2↓, MMP9↓,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 30 of 30

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 30

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 1,   Catalase↓, 1,   Catalase↑, 2,   CYP1A1↓, 3,   GPx↓, 1,   GPx↑, 5,   GSH↓, 6,   GSH↑, 3,   GSR↓, 1,   GSR↑, 1,   GSTA1↑, 1,   GSTs↓, 1,   GSTs↑, 1,   H2O2↓, 1,   H2O2↑, 1,   HO-1↓, 2,   HO-1↑, 4,   lipid-P↓, 2,   lipid-P↑, 1,   MAD↓, 1,   MDA↓, 1,   MDA↑, 1,   NQO1↓, 1,   NQO1↑, 2,   NRF2↓, 2,   NRF2↑, 6,   OXPHOS↓, 1,   ROS↓, 5,   ROS↑, 20,   mt-ROS↑, 1,   SIRT3↑, 1,   SOD↓, 1,   SOD↑, 4,   SOD1↑, 1,   SOD2↓, 1,   SOD2↑, 2,   TrxR↓, 1,   VitC↓, 1,   VitE↓, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

ADP:ATP↑, 1,   AIF↑, 2,   ATP↓, 1,   mt-ATP↓, 1,   CDC2↓, 1,   CDC2↑, 1,   CDC25↓, 3,   MEK↓, 1,   mitResp↓, 1,   MMP↓, 13,   mtDam↑, 1,   OCR↓, 1,   Raf↓, 2,   c-Raf↓, 1,   XIAP↓, 6,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

ACLY↓, 1,   AMPK↑, 3,   ATG7↑, 1,   cMyc↓, 14,   FASN↓, 1,   Glycolysis↓, 4,   HK2↓, 2,   LDH↓, 2,   PCK1↓, 1,   PDH↝, 1,   PDK1↓, 1,   PDK3↑, 1,   cl‑PPARα↓, 1,   PPARγ↑, 2,   SIRT1↓, 2,   SIRT1↑, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 16,   p‑Akt↓, 2,   APAF1↑, 1,   Apoptosis↓, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 10,   BAX↓, 1,   BAX↑, 12,   BAX⇅, 1,   Bax:Bcl2↑, 2,   Bcl-2↓, 14,   Bcl-2↑, 2,   Bcl-xL↓, 3,   BIM↓, 1,   BIM↑, 1,   Casp↑, 4,   Casp1↓, 1,   Casp3↓, 2,   Casp3↑, 18,   cl‑Casp3↑, 2,   Casp7↑, 2,   Casp8↑, 7,   Casp9↑, 8,   cl‑Casp9↑, 2,   cFLIP↓, 2,   Chk2↓, 1,   Chk2↑, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 11,   Diablo↑, 4,   DR4↑, 2,   DR5↓, 1,   DR5↑, 6,   FADD↑, 1,   Fas↑, 3,   FasL↑, 1,   HGF/c-Met↓, 2,   hTERT/TERT↓, 2,   IAP2↓, 1,   iNOS↓, 2,   JNK↓, 2,   JNK↑, 2,   p‑JNK↓, 1,   p‑JNK↑, 1,   MAPK↓, 6,   Mcl-1↓, 2,   Mcl-1↑, 1,   MDM2↓, 2,   MDM2↑, 1,   p‑MDM2↓, 1,   p27↑, 5,   p38↑, 2,   p‑p38↓, 2,   p‑p38↑, 1,   survivin↓, 11,   Telomerase↓, 1,   TumCD↑, 1,   YAP/TEAD↓, 1,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction ⓘ

cSrc↓, 1,   EF-1α↓, 1,   HER2/EBBR2↓, 2,   p‑HER2/EBBR2↓, 1,   Sp1/3/4↓, 2,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

cJun↑, 1,   H3↓, 1,   H3↑, 1,   p‑H3↓, 1,   ac‑H3↑, 1,   H4↓, 1,   H4↑, 1,   ac‑H4↑, 1,   HATs↓, 1,   HATs↑, 2,   other↝, 1,   pRB↑, 2,   p‑pRB↓, 1,   tumCV↓, 4,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

CHOP↑, 5,   cl‑CHOP↑, 1,   p‑eIF2α↑, 2,   ER Stress↓, 1,   ER Stress↑, 6,   GRP78/BiP↑, 2,   HSP90↓, 2,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

ATG5↑, 2,   Beclin-1↑, 1,   LC3II↑, 4,   LC3s↑, 1,   TumAuto↑, 2,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

ATM↑, 1,   CHK1↓, 1,   CHK1↑, 1,   DNAdam↓, 1,   DNAdam↑, 5,   DNMTs↓, 2,   p16↑, 1,   P53↓, 1,   P53↑, 13,   p‑P53↑, 1,   PARP↑, 3,   cl‑PARP↑, 8,   PARP1↑, 1,   PCNA↓, 27,   γH2AX↓, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

CDK1↓, 4,   CDK2↓, 12,   CDK2↑, 1,   CDK4↓, 9,   cycA1/CCNA1↓, 3,   CycB/CCNB1↓, 6,   CycB/CCNB1↑, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 17,   cycE/CCNE↓, 6,   E2Fs↓, 1,   P21?, 2,   P21↑, 10,   RB1↓, 1,   RB1↑, 1,   p‑RB1↓, 1,   TumCCA↑, 17,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

ALDH1A1↓, 1,   AR-V7?, 1,   CD133↓, 1,   CD34↓, 1,   cFos↓, 1,   cFos↑, 1,   CIP2A↓, 1,   cMET↓, 1,   CSCs↓, 4,   EMT↓, 10,   EMT↝, 1,   ERK↓, 8,   p‑ERK↓, 2,   FOXO↑, 1,   FOXO3↓, 1,   FOXO3↑, 1,   p‑FOXO3↓, 1,   GSK‐3β↑, 1,   p‑GSK‐3β↓, 1,   HDAC↓, 6,   HDAC1↓, 1,   HDAC2↓, 1,   IGF-1↓, 1,   mTOR↓, 9,   p‑mTOR↓, 1,   mTORC1↓, 3,   mTORC2↓, 3,   Nanog↓, 2,   Nestin↓, 1,   NOTCH↓, 2,   NOTCH1↓, 3,   NOTCH1↑, 1,   NOTCH3↓, 2,   OCT4↓, 2,   PI3K↓, 12,   p‑PI3K↓, 1,   PTEN↓, 1,   PTEN↑, 2,   RAS↓, 1,   SCF↓, 1,   SOX2↓, 2,   p‑Src↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 12,   p‑STAT3↑, 1,   p‑STAT6↓, 1,   TOP1↓, 1,   TOP2↓, 2,   TumCG↓, 5,   Wnt↓, 4,  

Migration ⓘ

5LO↓, 1,   AntiAg↓, 1,   AP-1↓, 2,   AXL↓, 1,   Ca+2↑, 4,   CD31↓, 1,   Cdc42↓, 1,   Cdc42↑, 1,   CDKN1C↑, 1,   CEA↓, 1,   CLDN1↓, 2,   CLDN2↓, 1,   CXCL12↓, 1,   E-cadherin↓, 1,   E-cadherin↑, 9,   FAK↓, 2,   p‑FAK↓, 1,   ITGB1↓, 1,   Ki-67↓, 9,   MET↓, 1,   p‑MET↓, 1,   MMP13↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 14,   MMP7↓, 4,   MMP9↓, 13,   MMP9↑, 1,   MMPs↓, 4,   N-cadherin↓, 7,   PAK1↓, 1,   PDGF↓, 2,   PKCδ↓, 4,   Rac1↓, 1,   Rho↓, 3,   ROCK1↓, 1,   Slug↓, 1,   Snail↓, 4,   SOX4↓, 1,   TGF-β↓, 2,   TGF-β↑, 1,   TIMP1↑, 1,   TIMP2↑, 3,   TIMP3↑, 1,   TSP-1↑, 1,   TumCI↓, 7,   TumCMig↓, 7,   TumCP↓, 8,   TumMeta↓, 11,   TumMeta↑, 1,   Twist↓, 2,   Tyro3↓, 1,   uPA↓, 7,   Vim↓, 5,   Vim↑, 1,   Zeb1↓, 1,   ZEB2↓, 1,   ZO-1↑, 1,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 7,   β-catenin/ZEB1↑, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 12,   ATF4↑, 1,   EGFR↓, 5,   EGFR↑, 1,   HIF-1↓, 1,   Hif1a↓, 11,   LOX1↓, 1,   NO↓, 1,   VEGF↓, 13,   VEGFR2↓, 5,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

BBB↑, 1,   GLUT1↓, 2,   P-gp↓, 2,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

ASC↓, 1,   COX2↓, 15,   CXCR4↓, 3,   ICAM-1↓, 1,   IFN-γ↓, 1,   IFN-γ↑, 1,   IKKα↓, 3,   IL1↓, 1,   IL1↑, 1,   IL10↓, 2,   IL10↑, 1,   IL1β↓, 3,   IL2↑, 4,   IL4↑, 2,   IL6↓, 7,   IL8↓, 2,   Inflam↓, 5,   JAK1↓, 3,   JAK2↓, 2,   MDSCs↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 18,   NF-kB↑, 1,   p65↓, 3,   p‑p65↓, 1,   PD-1↓, 2,   PD-L1↓, 1,   PGE2↓, 5,   PSA↓, 1,   PSA∅, 1,   TNF-α↓, 7,   TNF-α↑, 1,  

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

NLRP3↓, 1,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors ⓘ

AR↓, 2,   CDK6↓, 4,   CYP19?, 1,   GR↑, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 7,   BioAv↑, 7,   ChemoSen↑, 16,   Dose↑, 1,   Dose↝, 6,   eff↓, 1,   eff↑, 17,   eff↝, 1,   Half-Life↓, 4,   Half-Life↝, 1,   RadioS↑, 3,   selectivity↑, 10,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

AFP↓, 1,   AR↓, 2,   CEA↓, 1,   E6↓, 1,   E7↓, 1,   EGFR↓, 5,   EGFR↑, 1,   HER2/EBBR2↓, 2,   p‑HER2/EBBR2↓, 1,   hTERT/TERT↓, 2,   IL6↓, 7,   Ki-67↓, 9,   LDH↓, 2,   NSE↓, 1,   PD-L1↓, 1,   PSA↓, 1,   PSA∅, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 6,   cachexia↓, 1,   cardioP↑, 3,   chemoP↑, 5,   ChemoSideEff↓, 1,   hepatoP↑, 4,   neuroP↑, 4,   OS↑, 5,   QoL↑, 1,   radioP↑, 1,   RenoP↑, 2,   Risk↓, 1,   toxicity↓, 1,   TumVol↓, 2,   TumW↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 388

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↓, 1,   antiOx↑, 11,   Catalase↑, 5,   GPx↑, 5,   GSH↑, 5,   GSR↑, 2,   GSTs↑, 2,   H2O2↓, 1,   HDL↑, 1,   HO-1↑, 1,   lipid-P↓, 5,   MDA↓, 3,   NRF2↑, 4,   ROS↓, 11,   SOD↑, 6,  

Metal & Cofactor Biology ⓘ

IronCh↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   AMPK↑, 2,   CREB↑, 1,   FASN↓, 1,   glucose↓, 1,   LDH↓, 2,   lipidLev↓, 1,   PPARα↑, 1,   PPARα↝, 1,   PPARγ↑, 1,   p‑PPARγ↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Casp↓, 1,   Casp3↓, 1,   iNOS↓, 1,   JNK↓, 1,   MAPK↓, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

p16↓, 1,   P53↓, 1,   PCNA↓, 3,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

CDK2↓, 1,   CDK4↓, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 1,   cycE/CCNE↓, 1,   P21↓, 1,   RB1↓, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

ERK↑, 1,   IGF-1↑, 1,   PTEN↑, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

AntiAg↑, 1,   Ca+2↓, 1,   TRPC1↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

Hif1a↓, 1,   VEGF↑, 1,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

BBB↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX2↓, 3,   IL10↑, 1,   IL18↓, 1,   IL1β↓, 2,   IL6↓, 3,   IL8↓, 2,   Inflam↓, 12,   NF-kB↓, 4,   TLR4↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 3,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission ⓘ

AChE↓, 1,   AChE↑, 1,   BDNF↑, 1,   GABA↑, 1,  

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

Aβ↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 3,   BioAv↑, 1,   BioAv↝, 1,   Dose↑, 1,   eff↑, 2,   Half-Life↝, 3,   P450↓, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   ALP↓, 1,   AST↓, 1,   BP↓, 1,   IL6↓, 3,   LDH↓, 2,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 1,   AntiDiabetic↑, 1,   cardioP↑, 5,   cardioP⇅, 1,   chemoPv↑, 3,   hepatoP↑, 4,   memory↑, 3,   neuroP↑, 8,   RenoP↑, 1,   toxicity↓, 1,   toxicity↝, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome ⓘ

Bacteria↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 90

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: PCNA, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen
4 Chrysin
3 Silymarin (Milk Thistle) silibinin
2 Ashwagandha(Withaferin A)
2 Propolis -bee glue
2 Fisetin
2 Lycopene
2 Quercetin
1 Artemisinin
1 Aloe anthraquinones
1 Baicalein
1 Boron
1 Carvacrol
1 Chlorogenic acid
1 Ellagic acid
1 EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate)
1 Honokiol
1 Luteolin
1 Magnolol
1 Piperlongumine
1 Pterostilbene
1 Thymoquinone
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:26  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:489  State#:%  Dir#:1
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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