LDH Cancer Research Results

LDH, Lactate Dehydrogenase: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
LDH is a general term that refers to the enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of lactate and pyruvate. LDH is a tetrameric enzyme, meaning it is composed of four subunits.
LDH refers to the enzyme as a whole, while LDHA specifically refers to the M subunit. Elevated LDHA levels are often associated with poor prognosis and aggressive tumor behavior, similar to elevated LDH levels.
leakage of LDH is a well-known indicator of cell membrane integrity and cell viability [35]. LDH leakage results from the breakdown of the plasma membrane and alterations in membrane permeability, and is widely used as a cytotoxicity endpoint.

However, it's worth noting that some studies have shown that LDHA is a more specific and sensitive biomarker for cancer than total LDH, as it is more closely associated with the Warburg effect and cancer metabolism.

Dysregulated LDH activity contributes significantly to cancer development, promoting the Warburg effect (Chen et al., 2007), which involves increased glucose uptake and lactate production, even in the presence of oxygen, to meet the energy demands of rapidly proliferating cancer cells (Warburg and Minami, 1923; Dai et al., 2016b). LDHA overexpression favors pyruvate to lactate conversion, leading to tumor microenvironment acidification and aiding cancer progression and metastasis.

Inhibitors:
Flavonoids, a group of polyphenols abundant in fruit, vegetables, and medicinal plants, function as LDH inhibitors.
LDH is used as a clinical biomarker for Synthetic liver function, nutrition

Tier A — Direct LDH Enzyme Inhibitors (Validated Catalytic Inhibition)

Rank Compound Type LDH Target Potency Level Primary Effect Notes
1 NCI-006 Research drug LDHA / LDHB High (in vivo active) Potent glycolysis suppression Modern benchmark LDH inhibitor used in metabolic oncology models.
2 (R)-GNE-140 Research drug LDHA (±LDHB) High (nM range reported) Lactate production ↓ Widely used experimental LDH inhibitor.
3 FX11 Research drug LDHA High (μM range) Metabolic crisis in LDHA-dependent tumors Classic LDHA inhibitor; often increases ROS secondary to metabolic stress.
4 Oxamate Tool compound LDH (pyruvate-competitive) Moderate (mM cellular use) Reduces lactate flux Classical LDH inhibitor; requires high concentrations in cells.
5 Gossypol Natural product derivative LDHA Moderate–High Glycolysis inhibition Also has other targets; safety considerations apply.
6 Galloflavin Natural compound LDH isoforms Moderate Lactate production ↓ One of the better-supported “natural-like” LDH inhibitors.

Tier B — Indirect LDH-Axis Modulators (Glycolysis / Lactate Reduction Without Confirmed Direct Catalytic Inhibition)

Rank Compound Mechanism Type LDH Claim Type Primary Axis Notes / Caution
1 Lonidamine MCT/MPC modulation Lactate axis inhibition Metabolic transport blockade Better classified as lactate/pyruvate transport modulator.
2 Stiripentol Repurposed drug LDH pathway modulation Metabolic axis modulation Emerging oncology interest; primarily neurological drug.
3 Quercetin Flavonoid Reported LDH inhibition (mixed evidence) NF-κB / PI3K modulation Often LDH-release confusion; direct enzymatic proof limited.
4 Ursolic acid Triterpenoid Reported LDH interaction Warburg modulation More credible as metabolic signaling modulator.
5 Fisetin Flavonoid Docking / indirect reports Apoptosis / survival signaling Enzyme inhibition not well validated.
6 Resveratrol Polyphenol Indirect glycolysis suppression AMPK / HIF-1α modulation Reduces lactate via upstream signaling.
7 Curcumin Polyphenol Indirect LDH expression modulation Inflammation + metabolic signaling Bioavailability limits translational strength.
8 Berberine Alkaloid Indirect metabolic modulation AMPK activation Closer to metformin-like metabolic pressure.
9 Honokiol Lignan Indirect glycolysis effects Survival pathway suppression Not validated as catalytic LDH inhibitor.
10 Silibinin Flavonolignan Mixed / indirect reports Inflammation + metabolic axis Often misclassified as LDH inhibitor.
11 Kaempferol Flavonoid Often LDH-release marker confusion Glucose transport / signaling Do not list as direct LDH inhibitor without enzyme data.
12 Oleanolic acid / Limonin / Allicin / Taurine Natural compounds Weak / indirect evidence General metabolic modulation Should not be categorized as true LDH inhibitors.

Tier A = Direct catalytic LDH inhibition (enzyme-level validation).
Tier B = Indirect lactate reduction or glycolytic modulation without strong catalytic inhibition evidence.
Important: LDH release assays (cell damage marker) are not proof of LDH enzymatic inhibition.



Var, Various Cancer: Click to Expand ⟱
Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 overexpression has been noted in various cancers. PI3Ks/AKT pathways are over-activated in several types of cancers.
EGFR altered activity has been noted in various pathological conditions. However, its regulation is an important step in the inhibition of cancer. In this regard, EGCG shows a pivotal role in the inhibition of EGFR activity.
Activating protein-1 transcription factor has been associated with pathogenesis including cancer.
Activation of the sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway is required for the growth of numerous tissues and organs and recent evidence indicates that this pathway is often recruited to stimulate growth of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and to orchestrate the reprogramming of cancer cells via epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Increased expression of Nanog has been associated with the aggressive nature of certain cancers, highlighting its role in promoting cancer stem cell characteristics.
The aberrant hedgehog (Hh)/GLI signaling pathway causes the formation and progression of a variety of tumors.
The process of cell apoptosis is often accompanied by the destruction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, which is widely regarded as one of the earliest events in the process of cell apoptosis.
Human malignancies frequently exhibit mutations in the TGF-β pathway, and overactivation of this system is linked to tumor growth by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting the innate and adaptive antitumor immune responses50.
Several studies have demonstrated that high cyclin D1 expression was observed in cancers including breast, lung, prostate, lymph node and colorectal cancers [23–25].
The oncogene c-myc, which is frequently over-expressed in cancer cells, is involved in the transactivation of most of the glycolytic enzymes including lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and the glucose transporter GLUT1 [51,52]. Thus, c-myc activation is a likely candidate to promote the enhanced glucose uptake and lactate release in the proliferating cancer cell.
Vimentin is overexpressed in various epithelial cancers, including prostate cancer, gastrointestinal tumors, tumors of the central nervous system, breast cancer, malignant melanoma, and lung cancer. Vimentin’s overexpression in cancer correlates well with accelerated tumor growth, invasion, and poor prognosis; however, the role of vimentin in cancer progression remains obscure.
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are normally induced under environmental stress to serve as chaperones for maintenance of correct protein folding but they are often overexpressed in many cancers, including breast cancer.
Since NQO1 is highly expressed in many solid tumors, including via upregulation of Nrf2, the design of compounds activated by NQO1 and NQO1-targeted drug delivery have been active areas of research.
Since increased Nrf2 gene expression is one of the main mechanisms of cancer cells in resisting chemotherapeutic drugs and survival in oxidative conditions; finding compounds with the ability to suppress Nrf2 gene expression with minimum side effects can be considered an important strategy for increasing the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy.
Overexpression of c-met stimulates proliferation, migration and invasion in various types of cancer including prostate cancer.
Overexpression of TGFα and EGFR by many carcinomas correlates with the development of cancer metastasis, resistance to chemotherapy and poor prognosis.
More than 50% of human cancers have a mutated nonfunctional p53.


Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
5257- 3BP,    Tumor Energy Metabolism and Potential of 3-Bromopyruvate as an Inhibitor of Aerobic Glycolysis: Implications in Tumor Treatment
- Review, Var, NA
Glycolysis↓, mt-OXPHOS↓, HK2↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp3↓, Bcl-2↓, Mcl-1↓, GAPDH↓, LDH↓, PDH↓, TCA↓, GlutaM↓, GSH↓, ATP↓, mitResp↓, ROS↑, ChemoSen↑, toxicity↝,
5266- 3BP,    3-bromopyruvate-based agent KAT-101
- Review, Var, NA
eff↑, Glycolysis↓, OXPHOS↓, ATP↓, TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑, HK2↓, MPT↑, LDH↓, PDH↓,
368- AgNPs,    In vitro evaluation of silver nanoparticles on human tumoral and normal cells
- in-vitro, Var, NA
mtDam↑, LDH↓,
2660- AL,    Allicin: A review of its important pharmacological activities
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Var, NA - Review, Park, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*Inflam↓, AntiCan↑, *antiOx↑, *cardioP↑, *hepatoP↑, *BBB↑, *Half-Life↝, *H2S↑, *BP↓, *neuroP↑, *cognitive↑, *neuroP↑, *ROS↓, *GutMicro↑, *LDH↓, *ROS↓, *lipid-P↓, *antiOx↑, *other↑, *PI3K↓, *Akt↓, *NF-kB↓, *NO↓, *iNOS↓, *PGE2↓, *COX2↓, *IL6↓, *TNF-α↓, *MPO↓, *eff↑, *NRF2↑, *Keap1↓, *TBARS↓, *creat↓, *LDH↓, *AST↓, *ALAT↓, *MDA↓, *SOD↑, *GSH↑, *GSTs↑, *memory↑, chemoP↑, IL8↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, Casp12↑, p38↑, Fas↑, P53↑, P21↑, CHK1↓, CycB/CCNB1↓, GSH↓, ROS↑, TumCCA↑, Hif1a↓, Bcl-2↓, VEGF↓, TumCMig↓, STAT3↓, VEGFR2↓, p‑FAK↓,
2324- ART/DHA,    Research Progress of Warburg Effect in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- Review, Var, NA
PKM2↓, GLUT1↓, Glycolysis↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, Hif1a↓, HK2↓, LDH↓, NF-kB↓,
3166- Ash,    Exploring the Multifaceted Therapeutic Potential of Withaferin A and Its Derivatives
- Review, Var, NA
*p‑PPARγ↓, *cardioP↑, *AMPK↑, *BioAv↝, *Half-Life↝, *Half-Life↝, *Dose↑, *chemoPv↑, IL6↓, STAT3↓, ROS↓, OXPHOS↓, PCNA↓, LDH↓, AMPK↑, TumCCA↑, NOTCH3↓, Akt↓, Bcl-2↓, Casp3↑, Apoptosis↑, eff↑, NF-kB↓, CSCs↓, HSP90↓, PI3K↓, FOXO3↑, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, N-cadherin↓, EMT↓, FASN↓, ACLY↓, ROS↑, NRF2↑, HO-1↑, NQO1↑, JNK↑, mTOR↓, neuroP↑, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *IL6↓, *IL8↓, *IL18↓, RadioS↑, eff↑,
2760- BetA,    A Review on Preparation of Betulinic Acid and Its Biological Activities
- Review, Var, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
AntiTum↑, Cyt‑c↑, Smad1↑, Sepsis↓, NF-kB↓, ICAM-1↓, MCP1↓, MMP9↓, COX2↓, PGE2↓, ERK↓, p‑Akt↓, *ROS↓, *LDH↓, *hepatoP↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GSH↑, *AST↓, *ALAT↓, *RenoP↑, *ROS↓, *α-SMA↓,
5887- CAR,  TV,    Antitumor Effects of Carvacrol and Thymol: A Systematic Review
- Review, Var, NA
Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, TumMeta↓, TumCP↓, MAPK↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, eff↑, *Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, AXL↓, MDA↑, Casp3↑, Bcl-2↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, p‑JNK↑, BAX↑, MDA↓, TRPM7↓, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp↑, cl‑PARP↑, ROS↑, CDK4↓, P21↑, F-actin↓, GSH↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *GSR↑, *GSH↑, *lipid-P↓, *AST↓, *ALAT↓, *ALP↓, *LDH↓, DNAdam↑, AFP↓, VEGF↓, Weight↑, *chemoP↑, ROS↑,
5888- CAR,    Therapeutic application of carvacrol: A comprehensive review
- Review, Var, NA - Review, Stroke, NA - Review, Diabetic, NA - Review, Park, NA
*antiOx↑, *AntiCan↑, *AntiDiabetic↑, *cardioP↑, *Obesity↓, *hepatoP↑, *AntiAg↑, *Bacteria↓, *Imm↑, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, Apoptosis↓, MMP↓, ERK↓, PI3K↓, ALAT↓, *ROS↓, *Catalase↑, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *AST↓, *LDH↓, *necrosis↓, ROS↑, TumCCA↑, CDK4↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, NOTCH↓, IL6↓, chemoP↑, *Pain↓, *neuroP↑, *TRPM7↓, *motorD↑, *NF-kB↓, *COX2↓, *MDA↓,
5894- CAR,    Targeting Gastrointestinal Cancers with Carvacrol: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential
- Review, Var, NA
AntiCan↑, Apoptosis↑, Inflam↓, angioG↓, TumMeta↓, selectivity↑, BioAv↑, ChemoSen↑, Dose↝, TumCP↓, hepatoP↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, Bcl-2↓, ROS↑, GSH↓, BAX↑, Casp7↑, Casp8↑, Cyt‑c↑, Fas↑, FADD↑, P53↑, Bcl-2↓, TumMeta↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, E-cadherin↑, TIMP2↑, TIMP3↑, N-cadherin↓, ZEB2↓, *lipid-P↓, *AST↓, *ALAT↓, *ALP↓, *LDH↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *GSR↑, selectivity↑, cl‑PARP↑, ERK↓, p38↑, OS↑, AFP↓, COX2↓, VEGF↓, PCNA↓, Ki-67↓, TNF-α↓, BioAv↓,
6018- CGA,    Chlorogenic acid: a review on its mechanisms of anti-inflammation, disease treatment, and related delivery systems
- Review, Var, NA - Review, RCC, NA
*BioAv↓, *Inflam↓, *TNF-α↓, *NO↓, *COX2↓, *PGE2↓, *NF-kB↓, *IL6↓, *IL1β↓, *TLR2↓, *MAPK↓, *NRF2↓, *HO-1↑, *NQO1↑, *cardioP↑, *neuroP↑, *SOD↑, *GSH↑, *ROS↓, *LDH↓, *MDA↓, *cognitive↑, *eff↑,
6002- CGA,    Chlorogenic Acid: A Systematic Review on the Biological Functions, Mechanistic Actions, and Therapeutic Potentials
- Review, Var, NA - Review, Diabetic, NA - Review, AD, NA - Review, Park, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*neuroP↑, *Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *cardioP↑, *NRF2↑, *AMPK↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GSH↑, *GPx↑, *ROS↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL6↓, *NF-kB↓, *COX2↓, *glucose↓, *TRPC1↓, *Ca+2↓, *HO-1↑, *NF-kB↓, *PPARα↝, *Hif1a↓, *JNK↓, *BP↓, *AntiDiabetic↑, *hepatoP↑, *TLR4↓, *NRF2↑, *Casp↓, *neuroP↑, *Aβ↓, *LDH↓, *MDA↓, *memory↑, *AChE↓, *eff↑, EMT↝, N-cadherin↓, E-cadherin↑, TumCCA↑, ROS↑, p‑P53↑, HO-1↑, NRF2↑, ChemoSen↑, mtDam↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, PARP↑, Bax:Bcl2↑, TumCG↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, cMyc↓, CDK2↓, mitResp↓, Glycolysis↓, Hif1a↓, PCNA↓, p‑GSK‐3β↓, VEGF↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, OS↑,
2785- CHr,    Emerging cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying anticancer indications of chrysin
- Review, Var, NA
*NF-kB↓, *COX2↓, *iNOS↓, angioG↓, TOP1↓, HDAC↓, TNF-α↓, IL1β↓, cardioP↑, RenoP↑, neuroP↑, LDL↓, BioAv↑, eff↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, hTERT/TERT↓, MMP-10↓, Akt↓, STAT3↓, VEGF↓, EGFR↓, Snail↓, Slug↓, Vim↓, E-cadherin↑, eff↑, TET1↑, ROS↑, mTOR↓, PPARα↓, ER Stress↑, Ca+2↑, ERK↓, MMP↑, Cyt‑c↑, Casp3↑, HK2↓, NRF2↓, HO-1↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, Fibronectin↓, GRP78/BiP↑, XBP-1↓, p‑eIF2α↑, *AST↓, ALAT↓, ALP↓, LDH↓, COX2↑, Bcl-xL↓, IL6↓, PGE2↓, iNOS↓, DNAdam↑, UPR↑, Hif1a↓, EMT↓, Twist↓, lipid-P↑, CLDN1↓, PDK1↓, IL10↓, TLR4↓, NOTCH1↑, PARP↑, Mcl-1↓, XIAP↓,
1621- EA,    The multifaceted mechanisms of ellagic acid in the treatment of tumors: State-of-the-art
- Review, Var, NA
AntiCan↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCP↓, TumMeta↓, TumCI↓, TumAuto↑, VEGFR2↓, MAPK↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, PD-1↓, NOTCH↓, PCNA↓, Ki-67↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, CDK2↑, CDK6↓, Bcl-2↓, cl‑PARP↑, BAX↑, Casp3↑, DR4↑, DR5↑, Snail↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, TGF-β↑, PKCδ↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, SIRT1↓, HO-1↓, ROS↑, CHOP↑, Cyt‑c↑, MMP↓, OCR↓, AMPK↑, Hif1a↓, NF-kB↓, E-cadherin↑, Vim↓, EMT↓, LC3II↑, CIP2A↓, GLUT1↓, PDH↝, MAD↓, LDH↓, GSTs↑, NOTCH↓, survivin↓, XIAP↓, ER Stress↑, ChemoSideEff↓, ChemoSen↑,
1654- FA,    Molecular mechanism of ferulic acid and its derivatives in tumor progression
- Review, Var, NA
AntiCan↑, Inflam↓, RadioS↑, ROS↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, TumCMig↑, TumCI↓, angioG↓, ChemoSen↑, ChemoSideEff↓, P53↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓, TumW↓, miR-34a↑, Bcl-2↓, Casp3↑, BAX↑, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, cMyc↓, Bax:Bcl2↑, SOD↓, GSH↓, LDH↓, ERK↑, eff↑, JAK2↓, STAT6↓, NF-kB↓, PYCR1↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, Ki-67↓, VEGF↓, FGFR1↓, EMT↓, CAIX↓, LC3II↑, p62↑, PKM2↓, Glycolysis↓, *BioAv↓,
1682- PBG,    Honey, Propolis, and Royal Jelly: A Comprehensive Review of Their Biological Actions and Health Benefits
- Review, Var, NA
i-LDH↓, Akt↓, MAPK↓, NF-kB↓, IL1β↓, IL6↓, TNF-α↓, iNOS↓, COX2↓, ROS↓, Bcl-2↓, PARP↓, P53↑, BAX↑, Casp3↑, TumCCA↑, Cyt‑c↑, MMP↓, eff↑,
1663- PBG,    Propolis and Their Active Constituents for Chronic Diseases
- Review, Var, NA
NF-kB↓, Casp↓, Fas↓, DNAdam↑, Casp3↑, P53↝, MMP↝, ROS↑, mtDam↑, Dose?, angioG↓, TumCP↓, TumCMig↓, BAX↑, selectivity↑, MMP↓, LDH↓, IL6↓, IL1β↓, TNF-α↓,
2332- RES,    Resveratrol’s Anti-Cancer Effects through the Modulation of Tumor Glucose Metabolism
- Review, Var, NA
Glycolysis↓, GLUT1↓, PFK1↓, Hif1a↓, ROS↑, PDH↑, AMPK↑, TumCG↓, TumCI↓, TumCP↓, p‑NF-kB↓, SIRT1↑, SIRT3↑, LDH↓, PI3K↓, mTOR↓, PKM2↓, R5P↝, G6PD↓, TKT↝, talin↓, HK2↓, GRP78/BiP↑, GlucoseCon↓, ER Stress↑, Warburg↓, PFK↓,
3330- SIL,    Mechanistic Insights into the Pharmacological Significance of Silymarin
- Review, Var, NA
*neuroP↑, *hepatoP↑, *cardioP↑, *antiOx↓, *NLRP3↓, *NAD↑, ROS↓, NLRP3↓, TumCMig↓, *COX2↓, *iNOS↓, *MPO↓, *AChE↓, *LDH↓, *Telomerase↓, *Fas↓,
3559- TQ,    Molecular signaling pathway targeted therapeutic potential of thymoquinone in Alzheimer’s disease
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Var, NA
*antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *AChE↓, AntiCan↑, *cardioP↑, *RenoP↑, *neuroP↑, *hepatoP↑, TumCG↓, Apoptosis↑, PI3K↓, Akt↑, TumCCA↑, angioG↓, *NF-kB↓, *TLR2↓, *TLR4↓, *MyD88↓, *TRIF↓, *IRF3↓, *IL1β↓, *IL6↓, *IL12↓, *NRF2↑, *COX2↓, *VEGF↓, *MMP9↓, *cMyc↓, *cycD1/CCND1↓, *TumCP↓, *TumCI↓, *MDA↓, *TGF-β↓, *CRP↓, *Casp3↓, *GSH↑, *IL10↑, *iNOS↑, *lipid-P↓, *SOD↑, *H2O2↓, *ROS↓, *LDH↓, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *AChE↓, *cognitive↑, *MAPK↑, *JNK↑, *BAX↓, *memory↑, *Aβ↓, *MMP↑,
2621- Wog,    Natural compounds targeting glycolysis as promising therapeutics for gastric cancer: A review
- Review, Var, NA
Hif1a↓, MCT4↓, LDH↓, lactateProd↓, ECAR↓, TumCP↓, Glycolysis↓,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 21 of 21

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 21

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

GSH↓, 5,   GSTs↑, 1,   HO-1↓, 2,   HO-1↑, 2,   lipid-P↑, 1,   MAD↓, 1,   MDA↓, 1,   MDA↑, 1,   NQO1↑, 1,   NRF2↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 2,   OXPHOS↓, 2,   mt-OXPHOS↓, 1,   PYCR1↓, 1,   ROS↓, 3,   ROS↑, 13,   SIRT3↑, 1,   SOD↓, 1,   TKT↝, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

ATP↓, 2,   FGFR1↓, 1,   mitResp↓, 2,   MMP↓, 5,   MMP↑, 1,   MMP↝, 1,   MPT↑, 1,   mtDam↑, 3,   OCR↓, 1,   XIAP↓, 2,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

ACLY↓, 1,   ALAT↓, 2,   AMPK↑, 3,   CAIX↓, 1,   cMyc↓, 2,   ECAR↓, 1,   FASN↓, 1,   G6PD↓, 1,   GAPDH↓, 1,   GlucoseCon↓, 1,   GlutaM↓, 1,   Glycolysis↓, 7,   HK2↓, 5,   lactateProd↓, 1,   LDH↓, 11,   i-LDH↓, 1,   LDL↓, 1,   MCT4↓, 1,   PDH↓, 2,   PDH↑, 1,   PDH↝, 1,   PDK1↓, 1,   PFK↓, 1,   PFK1↓, 1,   PKM2↓, 3,   PPARα↓, 1,   R5P↝, 1,   SIRT1↓, 1,   SIRT1↑, 1,   TCA↓, 1,   Warburg↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 8,   Akt↑, 1,   p‑Akt↓, 1,   Apoptosis↓, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 7,   BAX↑, 6,   Bax:Bcl2↑, 2,   Bcl-2↓, 9,   Bcl-xL↓, 1,   Casp↓, 1,   Casp↑, 1,   Casp12↑, 1,   Casp3↓, 1,   Casp3↑, 10,   Casp7↑, 1,   Casp8↑, 2,   Casp9↑, 3,   Cyt‑c↑, 8,   DR4↑, 1,   DR5↑, 1,   FADD↑, 1,   Fas↓, 1,   Fas↑, 2,   hTERT/TERT↓, 1,   iNOS↓, 2,   JNK↑, 1,   p‑JNK↑, 1,   MAPK↓, 3,   Mcl-1↓, 2,   p38↑, 2,   survivin↓, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

CHOP↑, 1,   p‑eIF2α↑, 1,   ER Stress↑, 3,   GRP78/BiP↑, 2,   HSP90↓, 1,   UPR↑, 1,   XBP-1↓, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

LC3II↑, 2,   p62↑, 1,   TumAuto↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

CHK1↓, 1,   DNAdam↑, 3,   P53↑, 4,   P53↝, 1,   p‑P53↑, 1,   PARP↓, 1,   PARP↑, 2,   cl‑PARP↑, 3,   PCNA↓, 4,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

CDK2↓, 1,   CDK2↑, 1,   CDK4↓, 3,   CycB/CCNB1↓, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 5,   P21↑, 2,   TumCCA↑, 8,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

CIP2A↓, 1,   CSCs↓, 1,   EMT↓, 4,   EMT↝, 1,   ERK↓, 4,   ERK↑, 1,   FOXO3↑, 1,   p‑GSK‐3β↓, 1,   HDAC↓, 1,   miR-34a↑, 1,   mTOR↓, 7,   NOTCH↓, 3,   NOTCH1↑, 1,   NOTCH3↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 8,   STAT3↓, 3,   STAT6↓, 1,   TOP1↓, 1,   TRPM7↓, 1,   TumCG↓, 3,  

Migration ⓘ

AXL↓, 1,   Ca+2↑, 1,   CLDN1↓, 1,   E-cadherin↑, 4,   F-actin↓, 1,   p‑FAK↓, 1,   Fibronectin↓, 1,   Ki-67↓, 3,   MMP-10↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 4,   MMP9↓, 5,   N-cadherin↓, 3,   PKCδ↓, 1,   Slug↓, 1,   Smad1↑, 1,   Snail↓, 2,   talin↓, 1,   TET1↑, 1,   TGF-β↑, 1,   TIMP2↑, 1,   TIMP3↑, 1,   TumCI↓, 4,   TumCMig↓, 4,   TumCMig↑, 1,   TumCP↓, 7,   TumMeta↓, 4,   Twist↓, 1,   Vim↓, 2,   ZEB2↓, 1,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 3,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 5,   EGFR↓, 1,   Hif1a↓, 7,   VEGF↓, 6,   VEGFR2↓, 2,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

GLUT1↓, 3,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX2↓, 3,   COX2↑, 1,   ICAM-1↓, 1,   IL10↓, 1,   IL1β↓, 3,   IL6↓, 5,   IL8↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 2,   JAK2↓, 1,   MCP1↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 7,   p‑NF-kB↓, 1,   PD-1↓, 1,   PGE2↓, 2,   TLR4↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 4,  

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

NLRP3↓, 1,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors ⓘ

CDK6↓, 2,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 1,   BioAv↑, 2,   ChemoSen↑, 5,   Dose?, 1,   Dose↝, 1,   eff↑, 8,   RadioS↑, 2,   selectivity↑, 3,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

AFP↓, 2,   ALAT↓, 2,   ALP↓, 1,   EGFR↓, 1,   hTERT/TERT↓, 1,   IL6↓, 5,   Ki-67↓, 3,   LDH↓, 11,   i-LDH↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 5,   AntiTum↑, 1,   cardioP↑, 1,   chemoP↑, 2,   ChemoSideEff↓, 2,   hepatoP↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 2,   OS↑, 2,   RenoP↑, 1,   toxicity↝, 1,   TumW↓, 1,   Weight↑, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome ⓘ

Sepsis↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 221

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↓, 1,   antiOx↑, 6,   Catalase↑, 6,   GPx↑, 5,   GSH↑, 6,   GSR↑, 2,   GSTs↑, 1,   H2O2↓, 1,   HO-1↑, 2,   Keap1↓, 1,   lipid-P↓, 4,   MDA↓, 5,   MPO↓, 2,   NQO1↑, 1,   NRF2↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 4,   ROS↓, 8,   SOD↑, 8,   TBARS↓, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

MMP↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

ALAT↓, 4,   AMPK↑, 2,   cMyc↓, 1,   glucose↓, 1,   H2S↑, 1,   LDH↓, 10,   NAD↑, 1,   PPARα↝, 1,   p‑PPARγ↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 1,   BAX↓, 1,   Casp↓, 1,   Casp3↓, 1,   Fas↓, 1,   iNOS↓, 3,   iNOS↑, 1,   JNK↓, 1,   JNK↑, 1,   MAPK↓, 1,   MAPK↑, 1,   necrosis↓, 1,   Telomerase↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

other↑, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

cycD1/CCND1↓, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

PI3K↓, 1,   TRPM7↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

AntiAg↑, 1,   Ca+2↓, 1,   MMP9↓, 1,   TGF-β↓, 1,   TRPC1↓, 1,   TumCI↓, 1,   TumCP↓, 1,   α-SMA↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

Hif1a↓, 1,   NO↓, 2,   VEGF↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

BBB↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX2↓, 7,   CRP↓, 1,   IL10↑, 1,   IL12↓, 1,   IL18↓, 1,   IL1β↓, 3,   IL6↓, 5,   IL8↓, 1,   Imm↑, 1,   Inflam↓, 5,   MyD88↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 7,   PGE2↓, 2,   TLR2↓, 2,   TLR4↓, 2,   TNF-α↓, 4,   TRIF↓, 1,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission ⓘ

AChE↓, 4,  

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

Aβ↓, 2,   NLRP3↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 2,   BioAv↝, 1,   Dose↑, 1,   eff↑, 3,   Half-Life↝, 3,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

ALAT↓, 4,   ALP↓, 2,   AST↓, 6,   BP↓, 2,   creat↓, 1,   CRP↓, 1,   GutMicro↑, 1,   IL6↓, 5,   LDH↓, 10,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 1,   AntiDiabetic↑, 2,   cardioP↑, 7,   chemoP↑, 1,   chemoPv↑, 1,   cognitive↑, 3,   hepatoP↑, 6,   memory↑, 3,   motorD↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 8,   Obesity↓, 1,   Pain↓, 1,   RenoP↑, 2,  

Infection & Microbiome ⓘ

Bacteria↓, 1,   IRF3↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 107

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: LDH, Lactate Dehydrogenase
3 Carvacrol
2 3-bromopyruvate
2 Chlorogenic acid
2 Propolis -bee glue
1 Silver-NanoParticles
1 Allicin (mainly Garlic)
1 Artemisinin
1 Ashwagandha(Withaferin A)
1 Betulinic acid
1 Thymol-Thymus vulgaris
1 Chrysin
1 Ellagic acid
1 Ferulic acid
1 Resveratrol
1 Silymarin (Milk Thistle) silibinin
1 Thymoquinone
1 Wogonin
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:26  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:906  State#:%  Dir#:1
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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