mitResp Cancer Research Results

mitResp, mitochondrial respiration: Click to Expand ⟱
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Mitochondrial respiration plays a crucial role in the development and progression of cancer. Cancer cells often exhibit altered metabolic profiles, including changes in mitochondrial respiration, to support their rapid growth and proliferation.

In cancer cells, mitochondrial respiration is often downregulated, and instead, they rely on glycolysis for energy production, even in the presence of oxygen. This phenomenon is known as the "Warburg effect."

There are several key players involved in the regulation of mitochondrial respiration in cancer cells, including:

Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH): a critical enzyme that converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, which is then fed into the citric acid cycle.
Citrate synthase: an enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the citric acid cycle.
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH): an enzyme that participates in both the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain.
Cytochrome c oxidase (COX): the final enzyme in the electron transport chain, responsible for generating ATP.
Alterations in the expression and activity of these enzymes can impact mitochondrial respiration in cancer cells. For example, increased expression of PDH and citrate synthase can enhance mitochondrial respiration, while decreased expression of SDH and COX can impair it.

Additionally, various transcription factors and signaling pathways regulate mitochondrial respiration in cancer cells, including:

HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha): a transcription factor that promotes glycolysis and suppresses mitochondrial respiration in response to hypoxia.
c-Myc: a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis.
PI3K/Akt/mTOR: a signaling pathway that promotes cell growth and proliferation, in part by regulating mitochondrial respiration.
Var, Various Cancer: Click to Expand ⟱
Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 overexpression has been noted in various cancers. PI3Ks/AKT pathways are over-activated in several types of cancers.
EGFR altered activity has been noted in various pathological conditions. However, its regulation is an important step in the inhibition of cancer. In this regard, EGCG shows a pivotal role in the inhibition of EGFR activity.
Activating protein-1 transcription factor has been associated with pathogenesis including cancer.
Activation of the sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway is required for the growth of numerous tissues and organs and recent evidence indicates that this pathway is often recruited to stimulate growth of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and to orchestrate the reprogramming of cancer cells via epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Increased expression of Nanog has been associated with the aggressive nature of certain cancers, highlighting its role in promoting cancer stem cell characteristics.
The aberrant hedgehog (Hh)/GLI signaling pathway causes the formation and progression of a variety of tumors.
The process of cell apoptosis is often accompanied by the destruction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, which is widely regarded as one of the earliest events in the process of cell apoptosis.
Human malignancies frequently exhibit mutations in the TGF-β pathway, and overactivation of this system is linked to tumor growth by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting the innate and adaptive antitumor immune responses50.
Several studies have demonstrated that high cyclin D1 expression was observed in cancers including breast, lung, prostate, lymph node and colorectal cancers [23–25].
The oncogene c-myc, which is frequently over-expressed in cancer cells, is involved in the transactivation of most of the glycolytic enzymes including lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and the glucose transporter GLUT1 [51,52]. Thus, c-myc activation is a likely candidate to promote the enhanced glucose uptake and lactate release in the proliferating cancer cell.
Vimentin is overexpressed in various epithelial cancers, including prostate cancer, gastrointestinal tumors, tumors of the central nervous system, breast cancer, malignant melanoma, and lung cancer. Vimentin’s overexpression in cancer correlates well with accelerated tumor growth, invasion, and poor prognosis; however, the role of vimentin in cancer progression remains obscure.
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are normally induced under environmental stress to serve as chaperones for maintenance of correct protein folding but they are often overexpressed in many cancers, including breast cancer.
Since NQO1 is highly expressed in many solid tumors, including via upregulation of Nrf2, the design of compounds activated by NQO1 and NQO1-targeted drug delivery have been active areas of research.
Since increased Nrf2 gene expression is one of the main mechanisms of cancer cells in resisting chemotherapeutic drugs and survival in oxidative conditions; finding compounds with the ability to suppress Nrf2 gene expression with minimum side effects can be considered an important strategy for increasing the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy.
Overexpression of c-met stimulates proliferation, migration and invasion in various types of cancer including prostate cancer.
Overexpression of TGFα and EGFR by many carcinomas correlates with the development of cancer metastasis, resistance to chemotherapy and poor prognosis.
More than 50% of human cancers have a mutated nonfunctional p53.


Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
5257- 3BP,    Tumor Energy Metabolism and Potential of 3-Bromopyruvate as an Inhibitor of Aerobic Glycolysis: Implications in Tumor Treatment
- Review, Var, NA
Glycolysis↓, mt-OXPHOS↓, HK2↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp3↓, Bcl-2↓, Mcl-1↓, GAPDH↓, LDH↓, PDH↓, TCA↓, GlutaM↓, GSH↓, ATP↓, mitResp↓, ROS↑, ChemoSen↑, toxicity↝,
3160- Ash,    Withaferin A: A Pleiotropic Anticancer Agent from the Indian Medicinal Plant Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal
- Review, Var, NA
TumCCA↑, H3↑, P21↑, cycA1/CCNA1↓, CycB/CCNB1↓, cycE/CCNE↓, CDC2↓, CHK1↓, Chk2↓, p38↑, MAPK↑, E6↓, E7↓, P53↑, Akt↓, FOXO3↑, ROS↑, γH2AX↑, MMP↓, mitResp↓, eff↑, TumCD↑, Mcl-1↓, ER Stress↑, ATF4↑, ATF3↑, CHOP↑, NOTCH↓, NF-kB↓, Bcl-2↓, STAT3↓, CDK1↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, N-cadherin↓, EMT↓, Cyt‑c↑, eff↑, CDK4↓, p‑RB1↓, PARP↑, cl‑Casp3↑, cl‑Casp9↑, NRF2↑, ER-α36↓, LDHA↓, lipid-P↑, AP-1↓, COX2↓, RenoP↑, PDGFR-BB↓, SIRT3↑, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, NADPH↑, NQO1↑, GSR↑, HO-1↑, *SOD2↑, *Prx↑, *Casp3?, eff↑, Snail↓, Slug↓, Vim↓, CSCs↓, HEY1↓, MMPs↓, VEGF↓, uPA↓, *toxicity↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, HSP90↓,
5850- CAP,    Anticancer Activity of Natural and Synthetic Capsaicin Analogs
- Review, Var, NA
TRPV1↑, Ca+2↑, ROS↑, mitResp↓, ChemoSen↑, P-gp↓,
6002- CGA,    Chlorogenic Acid: A Systematic Review on the Biological Functions, Mechanistic Actions, and Therapeutic Potentials
- Review, Var, NA - Review, Diabetic, NA - Review, AD, NA - Review, Park, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*neuroP↑, *Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *cardioP↑, *NRF2↑, *AMPK↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GSH↑, *GPx↑, *ROS↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL6↓, *NF-kB↓, *COX2↓, *glucose↓, *TRPC1↓, *Ca+2↓, *HO-1↑, *NF-kB↓, *PPARα↝, *Hif1a↓, *JNK↓, *BP↓, *AntiDiabetic↑, *hepatoP↑, *TLR4↓, *NRF2↑, *Casp↓, *neuroP↑, *Aβ↓, *LDH↓, *MDA↓, *memory↑, *AChE↓, *eff↑, EMT↝, N-cadherin↓, E-cadherin↑, TumCCA↑, ROS↑, p‑P53↑, HO-1↑, NRF2↑, ChemoSen↑, mtDam↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, PARP↑, Bax:Bcl2↑, TumCG↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, cMyc↓, CDK2↓, mitResp↓, Glycolysis↓, Hif1a↓, PCNA↓, p‑GSK‐3β↓, VEGF↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, OS↑,
2883- HNK,    Honokiol targets mitochondria to halt cancer progression and metastasis
- Review, Var, NA
ChemoSen↑, BBB↓, Ca+2↑, Cyt‑c↑, Casp3↑, chemoPv↑, OCR↓, mitResp↓, Apoptosis↑, RadioS↑, NF-kB↓, Akt↓, TNF-α↓, PGE2↓, VEGF↓, NO↝, COX2↓, RAS↓, EMT↓, Snail↓, N-cadherin↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, E-cadherin↑, ER Stress↑, p‑STAT3↓, EGFR↓, mTOR↓, mt-ROS↑, PI3K↓, Wnt↓,
1175- IVM,  PDT,    Drug induced mitochondria dysfunction to enhance photodynamic therapy of hypoxic tumors
- in-vitro, Var, NA
Hypoxia↓, mitResp↓, ROS↑,
5022- UA,    Ursolic Acid’s Alluring Journey: One Triterpenoid vs. Cancer Hallmarks
- Review, Var, NA
TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑, angioG↑, TumMeta↓, BioAv↓, Hif1a↓, Glycolysis↓, mitResp↓, Akt↓, MAPK↓, ERK↓, mTOR↓, P53↑, P21↑, E2Fs↑, STAT3↓, MMP↓, NLRP3↓, iNOS↓, CHK1↓, Chk2↓, BRCA1↓, E-cadherin↑, N-cadherin↓, Casp↑, p62↓, LC3II↑, Vim↓, ROS↑, CSCs↓, DNAdam↑, GutMicro↑, VEGF↓,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 7 of 7

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 7

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

ATF3↑, 1,   GSH↓, 1,   GSR↑, 1,   HO-1↑, 2,   lipid-P↑, 1,   NQO1↑, 1,   NRF2↑, 2,   mt-OXPHOS↓, 1,   ROS↑, 6,   mt-ROS↑, 1,   SIRT3↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

ATP↓, 1,   CDC2↓, 1,   mitResp↓, 7,   MMP↓, 2,   mtDam↑, 1,   OCR↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

cMyc↓, 1,   GAPDH↓, 1,   GlutaM↓, 1,   Glycolysis↓, 3,   HK2↓, 1,   LDH↓, 1,   LDHA↓, 1,   NADPH↑, 1,   PDH↓, 1,   TCA↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 4,   Apoptosis↑, 2,   Bax:Bcl2↑, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 2,   Casp↑, 1,   Casp3↓, 1,   Casp3↑, 2,   cl‑Casp3↑, 1,   Casp9↑, 1,   cl‑Casp9↑, 1,   Chk2↓, 2,   Cyt‑c↑, 3,   HEY1↓, 1,   iNOS↓, 1,   MAPK↓, 1,   MAPK↑, 1,   Mcl-1↓, 2,   p38↑, 1,   TRPV1↑, 1,   TumCD↑, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

H3↑, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

CHOP↑, 1,   ER Stress↑, 2,   HSP90↓, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

LC3II↑, 1,   p62↓, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

BRCA1↓, 1,   CHK1↓, 2,   DNAdam↑, 1,   P53↑, 2,   p‑P53↑, 1,   PARP↑, 2,   PCNA↓, 1,   γH2AX↑, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

CDK1↓, 1,   CDK2↓, 2,   CDK4↓, 2,   cycA1/CCNA1↓, 1,   CycB/CCNB1↓, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 1,   cycE/CCNE↓, 1,   E2Fs↑, 1,   P21↑, 2,   p‑RB1↓, 1,   TumCCA↑, 2,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

CSCs↓, 2,   EMT↓, 2,   EMT↝, 1,   ERK↓, 1,   FOXO3↑, 1,   p‑GSK‐3β↓, 1,   mTOR↓, 3,   NOTCH↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 2,   RAS↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 2,   p‑STAT3↓, 1,   TumCG↓, 1,   Wnt↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

AP-1↓, 1,   Ca+2↑, 2,   E-cadherin↑, 3,   ER-α36↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 1,   MMP9↓, 1,   MMPs↓, 1,   N-cadherin↓, 4,   Slug↓, 1,   Snail↓, 2,   TumCP↓, 1,   TumMeta↓, 1,   uPA↓, 1,   Vim↓, 2,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 2,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↑, 1,   ATF4↑, 1,   EGFR↓, 1,   Hif1a↓, 2,   Hypoxia↓, 1,   NO↝, 1,   PDGFR-BB↓, 1,   VEGF↓, 4,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

BBB↓, 1,   P-gp↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX2↓, 2,   NF-kB↓, 2,   PGE2↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 1,  

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

NLRP3↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 4,   eff↑, 3,   RadioS↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

BRCA1↓, 1,   E6↓, 1,   E7↓, 1,   EGFR↓, 1,   GutMicro↑, 1,   LDH↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

chemoPv↑, 1,   OS↑, 1,   RenoP↑, 1,   toxicity↝, 1,  
Total Targets: 130

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 1,   Catalase↑, 1,   GPx↑, 1,   GSH↑, 1,   HO-1↑, 1,   MDA↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 2,   Prx↑, 1,   ROS↓, 1,   SOD↑, 1,   SOD2↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

AMPK↑, 1,   glucose↓, 1,   LDH↓, 1,   PPARα↝, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Casp↓, 1,   Casp3?, 1,   JNK↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

Ca+2↓, 1,   TRPC1↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

Hif1a↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX2↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 2,   TLR4↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 1,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission ⓘ

AChE↓, 1,  

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

Aβ↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

eff↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

BP↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   LDH↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiDiabetic↑, 1,   cardioP↑, 1,   hepatoP↑, 1,   memory↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 2,   toxicity↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 39

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: mitResp, mitochondrial respiration
1 3-bromopyruvate
1 Ashwagandha(Withaferin A)
1 Capsaicin
1 Chlorogenic acid
1 Honokiol
1 Ivermectin
1 Photodynamic Therapy
1 Ursolic acid
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:26  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:952  State#:%  Dir#:1
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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