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| The Fenton reaction is a chemical reaction that involves the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by iron ions (Fe2+ or Fe3+). This reaction produces highly reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and superoxide anions (O2·-). Cancer Progression: Increased oxidative stress from the Fenton reaction can promote cancer cell proliferation, survival, and metastasis. ROS can activate various signaling pathways that support tumor growth and resistance to apoptosis. Therapeutic Target: The Fenton reaction has been explored as a potential therapeutic target. Strategies to manipulate iron levels or enhance the production of ROS in cancer cells are being investigated to selectively induce cell death in tumors. Formula Fe2+ + H2O2 → Fe3+ + HO• + OH− Fe3+ + H2O2 → Fe2+ + HOO• + H+ 2 H2O2 → HO• + HOO• + H2O net reaction – The dysregulation of iron metabolism in certain cancers might serve as a biomarker for targeted treatments that employ Fenton reaction-based strategies. – Researchers are investigating strategies that harness or amplify the Fenton reaction to selectively kill cancer cells. - With more available iron, the Fenton reaction can be enhanced, resulting in increased production of hydroxyl radicals. Which can lead to cancer cell death. See the ROS target for more information |
| Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 overexpression has been noted in various cancers.
PI3Ks/AKT pathways are over-activated in several types of cancers. EGFR altered activity has been noted in various pathological conditions. However, its regulation is an important step in the inhibition of cancer. In this regard, EGCG shows a pivotal role in the inhibition of EGFR activity. Activating protein-1 transcription factor has been associated with pathogenesis including cancer. Activation of the sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway is required for the growth of numerous tissues and organs and recent evidence indicates that this pathway is often recruited to stimulate growth of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and to orchestrate the reprogramming of cancer cells via epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Increased expression of Nanog has been associated with the aggressive nature of certain cancers, highlighting its role in promoting cancer stem cell characteristics. The aberrant hedgehog (Hh)/GLI signaling pathway causes the formation and progression of a variety of tumors. The process of cell apoptosis is often accompanied by the destruction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, which is widely regarded as one of the earliest events in the process of cell apoptosis. Human malignancies frequently exhibit mutations in the TGF-β pathway, and overactivation of this system is linked to tumor growth by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting the innate and adaptive antitumor immune responses50. Several studies have demonstrated that high cyclin D1 expression was observed in cancers including breast, lung, prostate, lymph node and colorectal cancers [23–25]. The oncogene c-myc, which is frequently over-expressed in cancer cells, is involved in the transactivation of most of the glycolytic enzymes including lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and the glucose transporter GLUT1 [51,52]. Thus, c-myc activation is a likely candidate to promote the enhanced glucose uptake and lactate release in the proliferating cancer cell. Vimentin is overexpressed in various epithelial cancers, including prostate cancer, gastrointestinal tumors, tumors of the central nervous system, breast cancer, malignant melanoma, and lung cancer. Vimentin’s overexpression in cancer correlates well with accelerated tumor growth, invasion, and poor prognosis; however, the role of vimentin in cancer progression remains obscure. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are normally induced under environmental stress to serve as chaperones for maintenance of correct protein folding but they are often overexpressed in many cancers, including breast cancer. Since NQO1 is highly expressed in many solid tumors, including via upregulation of Nrf2, the design of compounds activated by NQO1 and NQO1-targeted drug delivery have been active areas of research. Since increased Nrf2 gene expression is one of the main mechanisms of cancer cells in resisting chemotherapeutic drugs and survival in oxidative conditions; finding compounds with the ability to suppress Nrf2 gene expression with minimum side effects can be considered an important strategy for increasing the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy. Overexpression of c-met stimulates proliferation, migration and invasion in various types of cancer including prostate cancer. Overexpression of TGFα and EGFR by many carcinomas correlates with the development of cancer metastasis, resistance to chemotherapy and poor prognosis. More than 50% of human cancers have a mutated nonfunctional p53. |
| 5979- | CDT, | AgNPs, | Multifunctional nanomedicines-enabled chemodynamic-synergized multimodal tumor therapy via Fenton and Fenton-like reactions |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 5973- | CDT, | Chemodynamic Therapy via Fenton and Fenton-Like Nanomaterials: Strategies and Recent Advances |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 5974- | CDT, | Chemodynamic nanomaterials for cancer theranostics |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 2786- | CHr, | Chemopreventive and therapeutic potential of chrysin in cancer: mechanistic perspectives |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 4830- | CUR, | Curcumin and Its Derivatives Induce Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells by Mobilizing and Redox Cycling Genomic Copper Ions |
| - | in-vitro, | Var, | NA |
| 2821- | CUR, | Antioxidant curcumin induces oxidative stress to kill tumor cells (Review) |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1846- | dietFMD, | VitC, | A fasting-mimicking diet and vitamin C: turning anti-aging strategies against cancer |
| - | Study, | Var, | NA |
| 4567- | MFrot, | Oncogenic pathways and the electron transport chain: a dangeROS liaison |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1744- | RosA, | Therapeutic Applications of Rosmarinic Acid in Cancer-Chemotherapy-Associated Resistance and Toxicity |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1743- | RosA, | New insights into the competition between antioxidant activities and pro-oxidant risks of rosmarinic acid |
| - | Analysis, | Var, | NA |
| 2202- | SK, | Enhancing Tumor Therapy of Fe(III)-Shikonin Supramolecular Nanomedicine via Triple Ferroptosis Amplification |
| - | in-vitro, | Var, | NA |
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