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| Also known as CP32. Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) is a common key protein in the apoptosis and pyroptosis pathways, and when activated, the expression level of tumor suppressor gene Gasdermin E (GSDME) determines the mechanism of tumor cell death. As a key protein of apoptosis, caspase-3 can also cleave GSDME and induce pyroptosis. Loss of caspase activity is an important cause of tumor progression. Many anticancer strategies rely on the promotion of apoptosis in cancer cells as a means to shrink tumors. Crucial for apoptotic function are executioner caspases, most notably caspase-3, that proteolyze a variety of proteins, inducing cell death. Paradoxically, overexpression of procaspase-3 (PC-3), the low-activity zymogen precursor to caspase-3, has been reported in a variety of cancer types. Until recently, this counterintuitive overexpression of a pro-apoptotic protein in cancer has been puzzling. Recent studies suggest subapoptotic caspase-3 activity may promote oncogenic transformation, a possible explanation for the enigmatic overexpression of PC-3. Herein, the overexpression of PC-3 in cancer and its mechanistic basis is reviewed; collectively, the data suggest the potential for exploitation of PC-3 overexpression with PC-3 activators as a targeted anticancer strategy. Caspase 3 is the main effector caspase and has a key role in apoptosis. In many types of cancer, including breast, lung, and colon cancer, caspase-3 expression is reduced or absent. On the other hand, some studies have shown that high levels of caspase-3 expression can be associated with a better prognosis in certain types of cancer, such as breast cancer. This suggests that caspase-3 may play a role in the elimination of cancer cells, and that therapies aimed at activating caspase-3 may be effective in treating certain types of cancer. Procaspase-3 is a apoptotic marker protein. Prognostic significance: • High Cas3 expression: Associated with good prognosis and increased sensitivity to chemotherapy in breast, gastric, lung, and pancreatic cancers. • Low Cas3 expression: Linked to poor prognosis and increased risk of recurrence in colorectal, hepatocellular carcinoma, ovarian, and prostate cancers. |
| Stomach/Gastric Cancer |
| 2655- | AL, | Allicin and Digestive System Cancers: From Chemical Structure to Its Therapeutic Opportunities |
| - | Review, | GC, | NA |
| 246- | AL, | Allicin induces apoptosis of the MGC-803 human gastric carcinoma cell line through the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/caspase-3 signaling pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | MGC803 |
| 249- | AL, | Allicin induces apoptosis of the MGC-803 human gastric carcinoma cell line through the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/caspase-3 signaling pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | MGC803 |
| 239- | AL, | Allicin induces apoptosis in gastric cancer cells through activation of both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | SGC-7901 |
| 1079- | ART/DHA, | Artesunate inhibits the growth and induces apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells by downregulating COX-2 |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | BGC-823 | - | in-vitro, | GC, | HGC27 | - | in-vitro, | GC, | MGC803 |
| 1394- | BBR, | DL, | Synergistic Inhibitory Effect of Berberine and d-Limonene on Human Gastric Carcinoma Cell Line MGC803 |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | MGC803 |
| 5843- | CAP, | The Effects of Capsaicin on Gastrointestinal Cancers |
| - | Review, | GC, | NA |
| 1593- | Citrate, | Citrate Induces Apoptotic Cell Death: A Promising Way to Treat Gastric Carcinoma? |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | BGC-823 | - | in-vitro, | GC, | SGC-7901 |
| 458- | CUR, | Curcumin suppresses gastric cancer by inhibiting gastrin‐mediated acid secretion |
| - | vitro+vivo, | GC, | SGC-7901 |
| 457- | CUR, | Curcumin regulates proliferation, autophagy, and apoptosis in gastric cancer cells by affecting PI3K and P53 signaling |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | SGC-7901 | - | in-vitro, | GC, | BGC-823 |
| 1444- | Deg, | Deguelin promotes apoptosis and inhibits angiogenesis of gastric cancer |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | MKN-28 |
| 4777- | Lyco, | Lycopene Inhibits Activation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Gastric Cancer Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | AGS |
| 4533- | MAG, | Magnolol, a natural compound, induces apoptosis of SGC-7901 human gastric adenocarcinoma cells via the mitochondrial and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | SGC-7901 |
| 5208- | PI, | Piperine Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of Human Gastric Cancer Cells by Downregulating Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K)/Akt Pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | SNU16 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | GES-1 |
| 55- | QC, | Quercetin inhibits the growth of human gastric cancer stem cells by inducing mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis through the inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | GCSCs |
| 1280- | SK, | Shikonin Induces Apoptotic Cell Death via Regulation of p53 and Nrf2 in AGS Human Stomach Carcinoma Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | AGS |
| 5080- | SSE, | Sodium Selenite Regulates the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Gastric Cancer Cells by Suppressing the Expression of LncRNA HOXB-AS1 |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | HGC27 | - | in-vitro, | GC, | NCI-N87 |
| 2091- | TQ, | Determination of anti-cancer effects of Nigella sativa seed oil on MCF7 breast and AGS gastric cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 | - | in-vitro, | GC, | AGS |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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