Catalase Cancer Research Results

Catalase, Catalase: Click to Expand ⟱

Source:

Type:

Caspases are a cysteine protease that speed up a chemical reaction via pointing their target substrates following an aspartic acid residue.1 They are grouped into apoptotic (caspase-2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10) and inflammatory (caspase-1, 4, 5, 11 and 12) mediated caspases.
Caspase-1 may have both tumorigenic or antitumorigenic effects on cancer development and progression, but it depends on the type of inflammasome, methodology, and cancer.
Catalase is an enzyme found in nearly all living cells exposed to oxygen. Its primary role is to protect cells from oxidative damage by catalyzing the conversion of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), a potentially damaging byproduct of metabolism, into water (H₂O) and oxygen (O₂). This detoxification process is crucial because excess H₂O₂ can lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage proteins, lipids, and DNA.

Catalase and Cancer
Oxidative Stress and Cancer:
Cancer cells often experience increased levels of oxidative stress due to rapid proliferation and metabolic changes. This stress can lead to DNA damage, promoting tumorigenesis.
Catalase helps mitigate oxidative stress, and its expression can influence the survival and proliferation of cancer cells.
Expression Levels in Different Cancers:
Overexpression: In some cancers, such as breast cancer and certain types of leukemia, catalase may be overexpressed. This overexpression can help cancer cells survive in oxidative environments, potentially leading to more aggressive tumor behavior.
Downregulation: Conversely, in other cancers, such as colorectal cancer, reduced catalase expression has been observed. This downregulation can lead to increased oxidative stress, contributing to tumor progression and metastasis.
Prognostic Implications:
Survival Rates: Studies have shown that high levels of catalase expression can be associated with poor prognosis in certain cancers, as it may enable cancer cells to resist apoptosis (programmed cell death) induced by oxidative stress.

Some types of cancer cells have been reported to exhibit lower catalase activity, possibly increasing their vulnerability to oxidative damage under certain conditions. This vulnerability has even been exploited in some therapeutic strategies (for example, approaches that generate excess H₂O₂ or other ROS specifically targeting cancer cells have been researched).

AD, Alzheimer's Disease: Click to Expand ⟱

Brain Energy Systems Matrix (AD)

Tier 1–2 as “core metabolic cofactors / redox pools”
Tier 4 as “alternative fuels / bypass strategies”
Tier 5–6 as “capacity + delivery constraints” (often explains why supplements don’t translate)

Tier	Rank	Node / Lever	What it Supports (Bioenergetic Role)	Key Enzymes / Targets	AD-Relevant Mechanism	TSF	Evidence	Common Constraints / Gotchas
1	1	Thiamine (B1) / TPP	Glucose → acetyl-CoA entry + TCA throughput + NADPH support	PDH, α-KGDH, Transketolase (PPP)	Addresses cerebral glucose hypometabolism; improves mitochondrial flux; PPP→NADPH supports redox	R, G	Mechanistic + small clinical	Benefit strongest if low status; standard thiamine vs lipophilic derivatives differ
1	2	Benfotiamine	Higher-bioavailability B1 strategy	Transketolase ↑; glycation axis ↓	AGE/RAGE burden reduction + metabolic support (model/trial dependent)	G	Small clinical + mechanistic	Not a “rapid” effect; mostly longer-term metabolic/toxicity load reduction
1	3	Riboflavin (B2) / FAD, FMN	ETC redox enzymes + mitochondrial dehydrogenases	Complex I/II flavoproteins; many oxidoreductases	Supports electron handling; can be limiting in mitochondrial enzyme insufficiency	R, G	Mechanistic	Direct AD cognitive trial support limited; “helps” mostly when deficient or enzyme-limited
1	4	Niacin forms (B3) → NAD pool	NAD+/NADH redox + signaling + repair	NAD salvage; sirtuins; PARP substrate	NAD decline is an aging/inflammation theme; supports mitochondrial redox capacity	R, G	Emerging human + mechanistic	Different forms behave differently; NAD raising ≠ guaranteed clinical cognition benefit
1	5	Pantothenic acid (B5) → CoA	Acetyl-CoA formation; lipid metabolism; TCA entry	CoA biosynthesis; acetylation capacity	Foundational for fuel oxidation and acetylation balance	G	Mechanistic	Often overlooked; deficiency uncommon but suboptimal intake can matter in frailty
1	6	Magnesium	ATP handling (Mg-ATP) + enzyme kinetics	ATP-dependent enzymes; synaptic function	Supports neuronal energy usage + plasticity; deficiency can worsen excitotoxic vulnerability	R, G	Supportive human + mechanistic	Form/absorption variability; renal constraints for supplementation in some patients
2	1	NAD+ precursors (NR/NMN/NA/NAM)	Restores NAD+ availability for redox + signaling	NAMPT salvage; sirtuins; PARPs; CD38	Supports mitochondrial function; may improve resilience under oxidative/repair load	R, G	Animal > human (emerging)	NAD “sinks” (CD38/PARP) can dominate; response varies by inflammation/age
2	2	Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA)	Mitochondrial redox cofactor + antioxidant recycling	PDH/α-KGDH cofactor; GSH recycling support	Improves redox tone and mitochondrial efficiency (signals strongest in metabolic/oxidative phenotypes)	R, G	Small AD trials + mechanistic	“Antioxidant” framing can be misleading—main value is mitochondrial/redox coupling support
2	3	Glutathione system support	Detox + peroxide handling	GSH, GPx, GR, NADPH supply (PPP)	Reduces oxidative damage load that impairs mitochondria/synapses	R, G	Mechanistic	GSH depends on substrates + NADPH; pushing one component may not fix system
2	4	Selenium (GPx capacity)	Peroxide detox via selenoenzymes	Glutathione peroxidases	Supports antioxidant enzyme capacity (context-dependent)	G	Mixed human	Narrower safety margin; avoid “more is better” mindset
3	1	CoQ10 (ubiquinone)	ETC electron carrier (I/II→III) + membrane redox	Complex I/II→III transfer	Supports OXPHOS efficiency; may reduce electron leak under some conditions	R, G	Limited AD-specific	Bioavailability/formulation matters; AD cognition data not robust
3	2	Cardiolipin / mitochondrial membranes (support axis)	ETC supercomplex stability; cristae integrity	Inner mitochondrial membrane architecture	Membrane integrity affects ETC efficiency and ROS leak	G	Mechanistic	Hard to “target” nutritionally in a clean way; effects indirect
3	3	Iron / copper homeostasis (burden control)	Prevents metal-catalyzed oxidative damage	Fenton chemistry burden; metal transport/storage	Metal dyshomeostasis can amplify ROS and mitochondrial injury	R, G	Mechanistic + mixed human	“Chelation” is not casually safe; needs careful framing and evidence
4	1	Ketone utilization (BHB/acetoacetate axis)	Alternative brain fuel bypassing glucose bottlenecks	MCT1/2 transport; ketolysis enzymes	Addresses brain glucose hypometabolism by providing alternate substrate	R, G	Moderate (human MCI/AD signals exist)	GI tolerance and adherence; response varies by genotype/metabolic status
4	2	Creatine / phosphocreatine shuttle	ATP buffering and rapid energy stabilization	Creatine kinase system	May stabilize energy during stress; supports muscle/functional reserve that impacts cognition indirectly	G	Limited AD	CNS benefit uncertain; stronger for muscle/functional outcomes
4	3	Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR)	Fatty acid oxidation support + acetyl group handling	Carnitine shuttle; acetyl-CoA support	May support mitochondrial energy and neuronal function (mixed clinical results)	R, G	Mixed human	Benefits heterogeneous; not a universal cognitive improver
4	4	Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT oil → ketones)	Rapid ketone support strategy	Hepatic ketogenesis; brain ketone uptake	Practical ketone-raising approach for some phenotypes	R, G	Moderate human	GI effects; calorie load; titration matters
5	1	AMPK → PGC-1α biogenesis axis	Mitochondrial number/quality regulation	AMPK, PGC-1α, SIRT1	Supports long-term mitochondrial capacity and stress resistance	G	Mechanistic	Most effects are slow; many “activators” are indirect and context-dependent
5	2	Mitophagy / autophagy quality control	Removes damaged mitochondria	PINK1/Parkin axis; autophagy machinery	Damaged mitochondria drive ROS and energy failure; quality control is protective in theory	G	Mechanistic	Autophagy modulation is double-edged; oversimplified “more autophagy = good” is risky
5	3	Exercise signaling (the “master cofactor”)	Improves vascular + mitochondrial + neurotrophic tone	BDNF; insulin sensitivity; AMPK/PGC-1α	Most evidence-backed multi-pathway energy intervention for aging brain	R, G	Strong (human)	Adherence/ability constraints; must be individualized
6	1	Cerebral perfusion / vascular health	Fuel + oxygen delivery and waste clearance support	Neurovascular unit; endothelial function	Vascular dysfunction worsens hypometabolism and inflammation	R, G	Strong (human)	Often upstream of “supplement” efficacy; if delivery is poor, cofactors underperform
6	2	Sleep / glymphatic clearance	Waste clearance & metabolic recovery	Glymphatic system; circadian regulation	Supports clearance of metabolic byproducts; indirectly supports energy balance	G	Strong (human)	Often neglected; impacts cognition and inflammation strongly
6	3	Oxygen utilization context (respiratory capacity)	Oxidative metabolism support	OXPHOS dependence	If oxygen delivery/usage is limited, pushing mitochondrial cofactors won’t fully translate	R, G	Supportive	More about system constraints than a “node to supplement”

TSF (Time-Scale Flag): P = 0–30 min, R = 30 min–3 hr, G = >3 hr (adaptation/phenotype). Evidence: "Strong (human)" = consistent clinical/epidemiologic support; "Moderate" = mixed but plausible human signals; "Emerging" = early-stage human; "Mechanistic" = preclinical/biochemical rationale.

Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱

2558-

AL,

Allicin, an Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Agent, Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment

Review,

AD,

*AntiCan↑, *antiOx↑, *cardioP↑, *neuroP↑, cognitive↑, *ROS↓, *NOX↓, *TLR4↓, *NF-kB↓, *JNK↓, *AntiAg↑, *H2S↑, *BP↓, Telomerase↓, *Insulin↑, BioAv↝, *GSH↑, *Catalase↑,

3269-

ALA,

Sulfur-containing therapeutics in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

NA,

AD,

*AChE↓, *GlucoseCon↑, *ACC↑, *GSH↑, *Aβ↓, *Catalase↑, *GSR↑, *GSTs↑, *NADPH↑, *NQO1↑, *iNOS↓, *NF-kB↓, *lipid-P↓, *BBB↑, *memory↑, *cognitive↑, *antiOx↑, *Inflam↓,

3547-

ALA,

Potential Therapeutic Effects of Lipoic Acid on Memory Deficits Related to Aging and Neurodegeneration

Review,

AD,

Review,

Park,

*memory↑, *neuroP↑, *motorD↑, *VitC↑, *VitE↑, *GSH↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *5HT↑, *lipid-P↓, *IronCh↑, *AChE↓, *Inflam↓, *GlucoseCon↑, *GLUT3↑, *GLUT4↑, NF-kB↓, *IGF-1↑, *IL1β↓, *TNF-α↓, *cognitive↑, *ChAT↑, *HO-1↑, *NQO1↑,

3545-

ALA,

Potential therapeutic effects of alpha lipoic acid in memory disorders

Review,

AD,

*neuroP↑, *Inflam↓, *VCAM-1↓, *5HT↑, *memory↑, *BioAv↝, *Half-Life↓, *NF-kB↓, *antiOx↑, *IronCh↑, *ROS↓, *ATP↑, *ChAT↑, *Ach↑, *cognitive↑, *lipid-P↓, *VitC↑, *VitE↑, *GSH↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *Aβ↓,

4280-

Api,

Protective effects of apigenin in neurodegeneration: An update on the potential mechanisms

Review,

AD,

Review,

Park,

*neuroP↑, *antiOx↑, *ROS↓, *Inflam↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *PI3K↑, *Akt↑, *BBB↑, *NRF2↑, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *MAPK↓, *Catalase↑, *HO-1↑, *COX2↓, *PGE2↓, *PPARγ↑, *TLR4↓, *GSK‐3β↓, *Aβ↓, *NLRP3↓, *BDNF↑, *TrkB↑, *GABA↑, *AChE↓, *Ach↑, *5HT↑, *cognitive↑, *MAOA↓,

4303-

Ash,

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)—Current Research on the Health-Promoting Activities: A Narrative Review

Review,

AD,

*neuroP↑, *Sleep↑, *Inflam↓, *cardioP↑, *cognitive↑, *Aβ↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *IL6↓, *MCP1↓, *lipid-P↓, *tau↓, *ROS↓, *BBB↑, *AChE↓, *GSH↑, *GSTs↑, *GSR↑, *GPx↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, ChemoSen↑, *Strength↑,

2731-

BetA,

Betulinic Acid for Glioblastoma Treatment: Reality, Challenges and Perspectives

Review,

GBM,

Review,

Park,

Review,

AD,

BBB↑, *GSH↑, *Catalase↑, *motorD↑, *neuroP↑, *cognitive↑, *ROS↓, *antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, MMP↓, STAT3↓, NF-kB↓, Sp1/3/4↓, TOP1↓, EMT↓, Hif1a↓, VEGF↓, ChemoSen↑, RadioS↑, BioAv↓,

3690-

BM,

Neurocognitive Effect of Nootropic Drug Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) in Alzheimer's Disease

Review,

AD,

*ROS↓, *5LO↓, *lipid-P↓, *GPx↑, *IronCh↑, *neuroP↑, *AChE↓, *memory↑, *toxicity↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *cognitive↑, *ChAT↑, *Ach↑, *BP↓,

2768-

Bos,

Boswellic acids as promising agents for the management of brain diseases

Review,

Var,

Review,

AD,

Review,

Park,

*neuroP↑, *ROS↓, *cognitive↓, TumCP↓, TumCMig↓, TumMeta↓, angioG↓, Apoptosis↑, *Inflam↓, IL1↓, IL2↓, IL4↓, IL6↓, TNF-α↓, P53↑, Akt↓, NF-kB↓, DNAdam↑, Casp↑, COX2↓, MMP9↓, CXCR4↓, VEGF↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *NRF2↑,

5927-

CAR,

Neuroprotective Potential and Underlying Pharmacological Mechanism of Carvacrol for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases

Review,

AD,

Review,

Park,

*memory↑, *cognitive↑, *ROS↓, *Inflam↓, *motorD↑, *toxicity↓, *TRPV3↑, *other↓, *antiOx↑, *LDL↓, *COX2↓, *PPARα↑, *NO↓, *AChE↓, *eff↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *neuroP↑, *BioAv↝, *BBB↑, *BioAv↑,

5925-

CAR,

Neuroprotective effects of carvacrol against Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases: A review

Review,

AD,

Review,

Park,

Review,

Stroke,

*Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *AChE↓, *BBB↑, *cardioP↑, *neuroP↑, *memory↑, *TAC↑, *ROS↓, *lipid-P↓, *MDA↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *NRF2↑, *cognitive↑, *IL1β↓, *COX2↓, *TNF-α↓, *TLR4↓, *BDNF↑, *PKCδ↑, *5LO↓, *TRPM7↓, *GSH↑, *other↑, *Ferroptosis↓, *GPx4↑,

5952-

Cela,

Celastrol attenuates Alzheimer’s disease-mediated learning and memory impairment by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced inflammation and oxidative stress

in-vivo,

AD,

AD mice

*memory↑, *Inflam↓, *ROS↓, *ER Stress↓, *neuroP↑, *Dose↝, *MDA↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *Aβ↓, BACE↓, LRP1↑, RAGE↓,

6002-

CGA,

Chlorogenic Acid: A Systematic Review on the Biological Functions, Mechanistic Actions, and Therapeutic Potentials

Review,

Var,

Review,

Diabetic,

Review,

AD,

Review,

Park,

Review,

Stroke,

*neuroP↑, *Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *cardioP↑, *NRF2↑, *AMPK↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GSH↑, *GPx↑, *ROS↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL6↓, *NF-kB↓, *COX2↓, *glucose↓, *TRPC1↓, *Ca+2↓, *HO-1↑, *NF-kB↓, *PPARα↝, *Hif1a↓, *JNK↓, *BP↓, *AntiDiabetic↑, *hepatoP↑, *TLR4↓, *NRF2↑, *Casp↓, *neuroP↑, *Aβ↓, *LDH↓, *MDA↓, *memory↑, *AChE↓, *eff↑, EMT↝, N-cadherin↓, E-cadherin↑, TumCCA↑, ROS↑, p‑P53↑, HO-1↑, NRF2↑, ChemoSen↑, mtDam↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, PARP↑, Bax:Bcl2↑, TumCG↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, cMyc↓, CDK2↓, mitResp↓, Glycolysis↓, Hif1a↓, PCNA↓, p‑GSK‐3β↓, VEGF↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, OS↑,

3794-

CUR,

Curcumin hybrid molecules for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Structure and pharmacological activities

Review,

AD,

*GSK‐3β↓, *CDK5↓, *p‑tau↓, *IronCh↑, *ROS↓, *HO-1↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GSH↑, *TNF-α↓, *IL6↓, *IL12↓, *NRF2↑, *PPARγ↑, *IL4↑, *AChE↓, *Dose↝, *GutMicro↑,

3581-

CUR,

Curcumin Attenuated Neurotoxicity in Sporadic Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease

NA,

AD,

induced by aluminum chloride (AlCl3)

*antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *BBB↑, *NRF2↑, *NF-kB↓, *cognitive↑, *ROS↓, *MDA↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *INF-γ↓, *IL4↓, *memory↑, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓,

6050-

CUR,

SeNPs,

Efficacy of curcumin-selenium nanoemulsion in alleviating oxidative damage induced by aluminum chloride in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease

in-vivo,

AD,

rat

*cognitive↑, *AChE↓, *Aβ↓, *P53↓, *tau↓, *NRF2↓, *TNF-α↓, *NO↑, *Catalase↑, *antiOx↑, *Inflam↓,

2818-

CUR,

Novel Insight to Neuroprotective Potential of Curcumin: A Mechanistic Review of Possible Involvement of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and PI3/Akt/ GSK3 or PI3/Akt/CREB/BDNF Signaling Pathways

Review,

AD,

*neuroP↑, *ROS↓, *Inflam↓, *Apoptosis↓, *cognitive↑, *cardioP↑, other↑, *COX2↓, *IL1β↓, *TNF-α↓, NF-kB↓, *PGE2↓, *iNOS↓, *NO↓, *IL2↓, *IL4↓, *IL6↓, *INF-γ↓, *GSK‐3β↓, *STAT↓, *GSH↑, *MDA↓, *lipid-P↓, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *Catalase↑, *GSR↓, *LDH↓, *H2O2↓, *Casp3↓, *Casp9↓, *NRF2↑, *AIF↓, *ATP↑,

3783-

FA,

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Ferulic Acid-Piperazine Derivatives Targeting Pathological Hallmarks of Alzheimer’s Disease

NA,

AD,

*ROS↓, *IronCh↑, *NLRP3↓, *Aβ↓, *AChE↓, *BChE↓, *antiOx↑, *BBB↑, *MMP↑, *memory↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑,

3780-

FA,

Ferulic Acid: A Natural Antioxidant with Application Towards Neuroprotection Against Alzheimer’s Disease

Review,

AD,

*antiOx↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *HO-1↑, *neuroP↑, *AChE↓, *MMP↑,

3712-

FA,

Ferulic Acid: A Hope for Alzheimer’s Disease Therapy from Plants

Review,

AD,

*antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *ROS↓, *Aβ↓, *HO-1↑, *HSP70/HSPA5↑, *ERK↑, *Akt↑, *iNOS↓, *COX2↓, *cardioP↑, *memory↑, *IL2↓, *cognitive↑, *APP↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *Akt↑, *BioAv↑,

3714-

FA,

Recent Advances in the Neuroprotective Properties of Ferulic Acid in Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review

Review,

AD,

*antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *neuroP↑, *NF-kB↓, *NLRP3↓, *iNOS↓, *COX2↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *VCAM-1↓, *ICAM-1↓, *p‑MAPK↓, *p38↓, *JNK↓, *IL6↓, *IL8↓, *hepatoP↑, *RenoP↑, *Catalase↑, *PPARγ↑, *ROS↓, *Fenton↓, *IronCh↑, *SOD↑, *MDA↓, *lipid-P↓, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *ARE↑, *Bil↑, *radioP↑, *GCLC↑, *GCLM↑, *NQO1↑, *Half-Life↝, *GutMicro↑, *Aβ↓, *BDNF↑, *Ca+2↓, *lipid-P↓, *PGE2↓, *cognitive↑, *ChAT↑, *memory↑, *Dose↝, *toxicity↓,

3721-

Gb,

Ginkgo biloba Extract in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Action Mechanisms to Medical Practice

Review,

AD,

*antiOx↑, *ROS↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GSR↑, *MMP↑, *Inflam↓, *Aβ↓, *memory↑, *Dose↝, *BBB↑, *neuroP↑,

3770-

H2,

Role of Molecular Hydrogen in Ageing and Ageing-Related Diseases

Review,

AD,

Review,

Park,

*antiOx↑, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *Inflam↓, *neuroP↑, *cardioP↑, *other↓, *ROS↓, *NADPH↓, *Catalase↑, *GPx1↑, *NO↓, *mt-ROS↓, *SIRT3↑, *SIRT1↑, *TLR4↓, *mTOR↓, *cognitive↑, *Sepsis↓, *PTEN↓, *Akt↓, *NLRP3↓, *AntiAg↑, *IL6↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *MDA↓, *memory↑, *FOXO3↑, TumCG↓, *LDL↓,

3772-

H2,

Therapeutic potential of hydrogen-rich water in zebrafish model of Alzheimer’s disease: targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, and the gut-brain axis

in-vivo,

AD,

zebrafish AD model

*cognitive↑, *Aβ↓, *Inflam↓, *ROS↓, *GutMicro↑, *TNF-α↓, *IL6↓, *IL1β↓, *IL10↓, *Catalase↑, *GSH↑,

3767-

H2,

The role of hydrogen therapy in Alzheimer's disease management: Insights into mechanisms, administration routes, and future challenges

Review,

AD,

*Inflam↓, *neuroP↑, *toxicity↓, *antiOx↑, *ROS↓, *NLRP3↓, *IL1β↓, *mtDam↓, *ATP↑, *AMPK↑, *FOXO3↑, *SOD1↑, *Catalase↑, *NRF2↑, *NO↓, *MDA↓, *lipid-P↓, *memory↑, *ER(estro)↓, *BDNF↑, *cognitive↑, *APP↓, *BACE↓, *Aβ↓, *BP∅, *BBB↑,

4307-

H2,

Hydrogen Gas Attenuates Toxic Metabolites and Oxidative Stress-Mediated Signaling to Inhibit Neurodegeneration and Enhance Memory in Alzheimer’s Disease Models

in-vivo,

AD,

 3% hydrogen gas (H2)

Mice

*cognitive↑, *Inflam↓, *ROS↓, *neuroP↑, *memory↑, *BBB↑, *BDNF↑, *TNF-α↓, *Catalase↑, *IL6↓, *Aβ↓, *GABA↓, *Dose↝,

2869-

HNK,

Nature's neuroprotector: Honokiol and its promise for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's

Review,

AD,

Review,

Park,

*neuroP↑, *Inflam↓, *motorD↑, *Aβ↓, *p‑tau↓, *cognitive↑, *memory↑, *ERK↑, *p‑Akt↑, *PPARγ↑, *PGC-1α↑, *MMP↑, *mt-ROS↓, *SIRT3↑, *IL1β↓, *TNF-α↓, *GRP78/BiP↓, *CHOP↓, *NF-kB↓, *GSK‐3β↓, *β-catenin/ZEB1↑, *Ca+2↓, *AChE↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑,

2904-

LT,

Luteolin from Purple Perilla mitigates ROS insult particularly in primary neurons

in-vitro,

Park,

SK-N-SH

in-vitro,

AD,

*ROS↓, *neuroP↑, *MMP↑, *Catalase↑, *GSH↑, selectivity↑, *eff↑, *Cyt‑c↓,

2916-

LT,

Antioxidative and Anticancer Potential of Luteolin: A Comprehensive Approach Against Wide Range of Human Malignancies

Review,

Var,

Review,

AD,

Review,

Park,

proCasp9↓, CDC2↓, CycB/CCNB1↓, Casp9↑, Casp3↑, Cyt‑c↑, cycA1/CCNA1↑, CDK2↓, APAF1↑, TumCCA↑, P53↑, BAX↑, VEGF↓, Bcl-2↓, Apoptosis↑, p‑Akt↓, p‑EGFR↓, p‑ERK↓, p‑STAT3↓, cardioP↑, Catalase↓, SOD↓, *BioAv↓, *antiOx↑, *ROS↓, *NO↓, *GSTs↑, *GSR↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *lipid-P↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, CDK2↓, BNIP3↑, hTERT/TERT↓, DR5↑, Beclin-1↑, TNF-α↓, NF-kB↓, IL1↓, IL6↓, EMT↓, FAK↓, E-cadherin↑, MDM2↓, NOTCH↓, MAPK↑, Vim↓, N-cadherin↓, Snail↓, MMP2↓, Twist↓, MMP9↓, ROS↑, MMP↓, *AChE↓, *MMP↑, *Aβ↓, *neuroP↑, Trx1↑, ROS↓, *NRF2↑, NRF2↓, *BBB↑, ChemoSen↑, GutMicro↑,

3268-

Lyco,

Lycopene as a Natural Antioxidant Used to Prevent Human Health Disorders

Review,

AD,

*BioAv↓, *AntiCan↑, *ROCK1↓, *Ki-67↓, *ICAM-1↓, *cardioP↑, *antiOx↑, *NQO1↑, *HO-1↑, *TNF-α↓, *IL22↓, *NRF2↑, *NF-kB↓, *MDA↓, *Catalase↑, *SOD↑, *GSH↑, *cognitive↑, *tau↓, *hepatoP↑, *MMP2↑, *AST↓, *ALAT↓, *P450↑, *DNAdam↓, *ROS↓, *neuroP↑, *memory↑, *Ca+2↓, *Dose↝, *Dose↑, *Dose↝, *toxicity∅, PGE2↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, STAT3↓, NOX↓, NOX4↓, ROS↓, *SREBP1↓, *FASN↓, *ACC↓,

3264-

Lyco,

Pharmacological potentials of lycopene against aging and aging‐related disorders: A review

Review,

Var,

Review,

AD,

Review,

Stroke,

*antiOx↑, *ROS↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GSH↑, *GSTs↑, *MDA↓, *lipid-P↓, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *iNOS↓, *NO↓, *TAC↑, *NOX4↓, *Inflam↓, *IL1↓, *IL6↓, *IL8↓, *IL1β↓, *TNF-α↓, *TLR2↓, *TLR4↓, *VCAM-1↓, *ICAM-1↓, *STAT3↓, *NF-kB↓, *ERK↓, *BP↓, ROS↓, PGE2↓, cardioP↑, *neuroP↑, *creat↓, *RenoP↑, *CRM↑,

4147-

MF,

PEMFs Restore Mitochondrial and CREB/BDNF Signaling in Oxidatively Stressed PC12 Cells Targeting Neurodegeneration

in-vitro,

AD,

PC12

PC12 cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

*ROS↓, *Catalase↑, *MMP↑, *Casp3↓, *p‑ERK↓, *cAMP↑, *p‑CREB↑, *BDNF↑, *neuroP↑,

3838-

Moringa,

Characterization, Large-Scale HSCCC Separation and Neuroprotective Effects of Polyphenols from Moringa oleifera Leaves

in-vitro,

AD,

PC12

Review,

Stroke,

*Inflam↓, *neuroP↑, *antiOx↑, *ROS↓, *memory↑, *MDA↓, *AChE↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *eff↑,

3840-

Moringa,

Moringa oleifera Mitigates Memory Impairment and Neurodegeneration in Animal Model of Age-Related Dementia

in-vivo,

AD,

100, 200, and 400 mg/kg

 Male Wistar rats, weighing 180–220 g, were orally given M. oleifera leaves

*antiOx↑, *memory↑, *neuroP↑, *MDA↓, *AChE↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *cognitive↑, *ROS↓, *Ach↑,

3848-

MSM,

Modulatory effect of methylsulfonylmethane against BPA/γ-radiation induced neurodegenerative alterations in rats: Influence of TREM-2/DAP-12/Syk pathway

in-vitro,

AD,

rats

*ROS↓, *Inflam↓, *neuroP↑, *ER(estro)↑, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *Trx1↑, *TXNIP↓, *MDA↓, *NOX↓, *GSH↑, *GPx↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *BDNF↑, *AChE↓, *p‑tau↓, *Aβ↓,

3251-

PBG,

The Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Flavonoids from Propolis via Nrf2 and NF-κB Pathways

Review,

AD,

Review,

Diabetic,

Review,

Var,

in-vitro,

Nor,

H9c2

To induce oxidative stress, H9c2 cells were exposed to multiple H2O2 concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 μM) for 1 h

*antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *ROS↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *HO-1↑, *NO↓, *NOS2↓, *NF-kB↓, *NRF2↑, *hepatoP↑, *MDA↓, *mtDam↓, *GSH↑, *p65↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *NRF2↑, *NRF2↓, *ROS⇅, *BioAv↓, *BioAv↑,

3595-

PI,

Black pepper and health claims: a comprehensive treatise

Review,

Var,

Review,

AD,

*antiOx↑, *ROS↓, *chemoP↑, TumCG↓, *cognitive↑, *MMPs↓, *PGE2↓, *AP-1↓, *5LO↓, *COX1↓, *other↑, *other↑, *other↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GSTs↑, *GSR↑, *other↑, *Weight↓, *BioEnh↑, *BioAv↑, *eff↑, *CYP3A2↓, *neuroP↑, *BP↓, *other↑,

3927-

PTS,

Effects of Pterostilbene on Cardiovascular Health and Disease

Review,

AD,

Review,

Stroke,

*Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *BioAv↑, *toxicity↓, *NADPH↓, *ROS↓, *Catalase↑, *GSH↑, *SOD↑, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *IL4↓, *MMPs↓, *COX2↓, *MAPK↝, *NF-kB↓, *IL8↓, *MCP1↓, *E-sel↓, *lipid-P↓, *NRF2↑, *PPARα↑, *LDL↓, other↓,

3343-

QC,

Quercetin, a Flavonoid with Great Pharmacological Capacity

Review,

Var,

Review,

AD,

Review,

Arthritis,

*antiOx↑, *ROS↓, *angioG↓, *Inflam↓, *BioAv↓, *Half-Life↑, *GSH↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *Nrf1↑, *BP↓, *cardioP↑, *IL10↓, *TNF-α↓, *Aβ↓, *GSK‐3β↓, *tau↓, *neuroP↑, *Pain↓, *COX2↓, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *IL1β↓, *IL17↓, *MCP1↓, PKCδ↓, ERK↓, BAX↓, cMyc↓, KRAS↓, ROS↓, selectivity↑, tumCV↓, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, eff↑, P-gp↓, eff↑, eff↑, eff↑, eff↑, CycB/CCNB1↓, CDK1↓, CDK4↓, CDK2↓, TOP2↓, Cyt‑c↑, cl‑PARP↑, MMP↓, HSP70/HSPA5↓, HSP90↓, MDM2↓, RAS↓, eff↑,

3612-

RES,

Resveratrol in Alzheimer's disease: a review of pathophysiology and therapeutic potential

Review,

AD,

*other↑, *Aβ↓, *Inflam↓, *NF-kB↓, *neuroP↑, *HO-1↑, *lipid-P↓, *COX2↓, *AMPK↑, *Catalase↑, *SOD↑, *GSR↑, *ROS↓, *MMP9↓, *cognitive↑, *SIRT1↑, *IL1β↓, *IL6↓,

3057-

RES,

The therapeutic effect of resveratrol: Focusing on the Nrf2 signaling pathway

Review,

Var,

Review,

AD,

Review,

Stroke,

*NRF2↑, *Keap1↓, *ROS↓, *Apoptosis↓, *Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *hepatoP↑, *neuroP↑, *cardioP↑, *RenoP↑, *AntiCan↑, *memory↑, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *Catalase↑, *MDA↓, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *ROS↓, *Aβ↓, *iNOS↓, *COX2↓, *GSH↑, *HO-1⇅, *SIRT1↑,

3616-

RosA,

Therapeutic effects of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and its active constituents on nervous system disorders

Review,

AD,

*Inflam↓, *memory↑, *toxicity↓, *ROS↓, *Catalase↑, *SOD↑, *NRF2↑, *Aβ↓, *AChE↓, *Ca+2↓, *NO↓, *IL2↓, *COX2↓, *PGE2↓, *MMPs↓, *TNF-α↓, *iNOS↓, *TLR4↓, *cognitive↑, *cortisol↓, *lipid-P↓,

4199-

SFN,

Sulforaphane and Brain Health: From Pathways of Action to Effects on Specific Disorders

Review,

AD,

Review,

Park,

*BBB↑, *BDNF↑, *neuroG↑, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *Catalase↑, *SOD↑, *HSPs↑, *GSTs↑, *Trx↑, *GPx↑, *GSR↑, *GSH↑, *NQO1↑, *GutMicro↑, *Inflam↓, *neuroP↑,

3319-

SIL,

Silymarin and neurodegenerative diseases: Therapeutic potential and basic molecular mechanisms

Review,

AD,

Review,

Park,

Review,

Stroke,

*neuroP↑, *ROS↓, *Inflam↓, *Apoptosis↓, *BBB?, *tau↓, *NF-kB↓, *IL1β↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL4↓, *MAPK↓, *memory↑, *cognitive↑, *Aβ↓, *ROS↓, *lipid-P↓, *GSH↑, *MDA↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *AChE↓, *BChE↓, *p‑ERK↓, *p‑JNK↓, *p‑p38↓, *GutMicro↑, *COX2↓, *iNOS↓, *TLR4↓, *neuroP↑, *Strength↑, *AMPK↑, *MMP↑, *necrosis↓, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑,

3318-

SIL,

Pharmaceutical prospects of Silymarin for the treatment of neurological patients: an updated insight

Review,

AD,

Review,

Park,

*hepatoP↑, *neuroP↑, *TLR4↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *NF-kB↓, *memory↑, *cognitive↑, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *ROS↓, *Akt↑, *mTOR↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GSH↑, *IL10↑, *IL6↑, *NO↓, *MDA↓, *AChE↓, *MAPK↓, *BDNF↑,

4205-

SIL,

The Therapeutic Effect of Silymarin and Silibinin on Depression and Anxiety Disorders and Possible Mechanism in the Brain: A Systematic Review

Review,

AD,

*BDNF↑, *5HT↑, *MDA↓, *GSH↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *IL6↓, *IL1β↓,

3960-

Taur,

Versatile Triad Alliance: Bile Acid, Taurine and Microbiota

Review,

AD,

Review,

Stroke,

*ROS↓, *Inflam↓, *GABA↑, *memory↑, *cognitive↑, *iNOS↓, *CRP↓, *HO-1↑, *Prx↑, *Trx↑, *NRF2↑, *GSH↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *lipid-P↓, *MDA↓, *eff↝, *GutMicro↑, other↑,

2092-

TQ,

Dissecting the Potential Roles of Nigella sativa and Its Constituent Thymoquinone on the Prevention and on the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease

Review,

AD,

*iNOS↓, *ROS↓, *GSH↑, *neuroP↑, *MMPs↓, *MMP↑, *TXNIP↓, *Prx↑, *memory↑, *MDA↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *BioAv↑,

3404-

TQ,

The Neuroprotective Effects of Thymoquinone: A Review

Review,

Var,

Review,

AD,

Review,

Park,

Review,

Stroke,

*Inflam↓, AntiCan↑, *TNF-α↓, *IL6↓, *IL1β↓, *NF-kB↓, *iNOS↓, *NRF2↑, *neuroP↑, *MMP↑, *ROS↓, *MDA↓, *GSH↑, *Catalase↑, *SOD↑, *IL12↓, *MCP1↓, *IP-10/CXCL-10↓, *PGE2↓,

3559-

TQ,

Molecular signaling pathway targeted therapeutic potential of thymoquinone in Alzheimer’s disease

Review,

AD,

Review,

Var,

*antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *AChE↓, AntiCan↑, *cardioP↑, *RenoP↑, *neuroP↑, *hepatoP↑, TumCG↓, Apoptosis↑, PI3K↓, Akt↑, TumCCA↑, angioG↓, *NF-kB↓, *TLR2↓, *TLR4↓, *MyD88↓, *TRIF↓, *IRF3↓, *IL1β↓, *IL6↓, *IL12↓, *NRF2↑, *COX2↓, *VEGF↓, *MMP9↓, *cMyc↓, *cycD1/CCND1↓, *TumCP↓, *TumCI↓, *MDA↓, *TGF-β↓, *CRP↓, *Casp3↓, *GSH↑, *IL10↑, *iNOS↑, *lipid-P↓, *SOD↑, *H2O2↓, *ROS↓, *LDH↓, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *AChE↓, *cognitive↑, *MAPK↑, *JNK↑, *BAX↓, *memory↑, *Aβ↓, *MMP↑,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 50 of 54
Page 1 of 2 Next

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 54

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:

Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 28, ARE↑, 1, Bil↑, 1, Catalase↑, 50, Fenton↓, 1, Ferroptosis↓, 1, GCLC↑, 1, GCLM↑, 1, GPx↑, 13, GPx1↑, 1, GPx4↑, 1, GSH↑, 27, GSR↓, 1, GSR↑, 7, GSTs↑, 6, H2O2↓, 2, HO-1↑, 19, HO-1⇅, 1, Keap1↓, 1, lipid-P↓, 18, MDA↓, 22, NOX4↓, 1, NQO1↑, 5, Nrf1↑, 1, NRF2↓, 2, NRF2↑, 28, Prx↑, 2, ROS↓, 45, ROS⇅, 1, mt-ROS↓, 2, SIRT3↑, 2, SOD↑, 40, SOD1↑, 1, TAC↑, 2, Trx↑, 2, Trx1↑, 1, VitC↑, 2, VitE↑, 2,

Metal & Cofactor Biology ⓘ

IronCh↑, 6,

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

AIF↓, 1, ATP↑, 3, Insulin↑, 1, MMP↑, 11, mtDam↓, 2, PGC-1α↑, 1,

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

ACC↓, 1, ACC↑, 1, ALAT↓, 1, AMPK↑, 4, cAMP↑, 1, cMyc↓, 1, p‑CREB↑, 1, CRM↑, 1, CYP3A2↓, 1, FASN↓, 1, glucose↓, 1, GlucoseCon↑, 2, H2S↑, 1, LDH↓, 3, LDL↓, 3, NADPH↓, 2, NADPH↑, 1, PPARα↑, 2, PPARα↝, 1, PPARγ↑, 4, SIRT1↑, 3, SREBP1↓, 1,

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 1, Akt↑, 4, p‑Akt↑, 1, Apoptosis↓, 3, BAX↓, 1, Casp↓, 1, Casp3↓, 3, Casp9↓, 1, Cyt‑c↓, 1, Ferroptosis↓, 1, iNOS↓, 11, iNOS↑, 1, JNK↓, 3, JNK↑, 1, p‑JNK↓, 1, MAPK↓, 3, MAPK↑, 1, MAPK↝, 1, p‑MAPK↓, 1, necrosis↓, 1, p38↓, 1, p‑p38↓, 1,

Kinase & Signal Transduction ⓘ

TRPV3↑, 1,

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

Ach↑, 4, other↓, 2, other↑, 7,

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

CHOP↓, 1, ER Stress↓, 1, GRP78/BiP↓, 1, HSP70/HSPA5↑, 1, HSPs↑, 1,

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

DNAdam↓, 1, P53↓, 1,

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

cycD1/CCND1↓, 1,

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

ERK↓, 1, ERK↑, 2, p‑ERK↓, 2, FOXO3↑, 2, GSK‐3β↓, 5, IGF-1↑, 1, mTOR↓, 1, mTOR↑, 1, neuroG↑, 1, PI3K↑, 1, PTEN↓, 1, STAT↓, 1, STAT3↓, 1, TRPM7↓, 1,

Migration ⓘ

5LO↓, 3, AntiAg↑, 2, AP-1↓, 1, APP↓, 2, Ca+2↓, 5, CDK5↓, 1, E-sel↓, 1, Ki-67↓, 1, MMP2↑, 1, MMP9↓, 2, MMPs↓, 4, PKCδ↑, 1, ROCK1↓, 1, TGF-β↓, 1, TRPC1↓, 1, TumCI↓, 1, TumCP↓, 1, TXNIP↓, 2, VCAM-1↓, 3, β-catenin/ZEB1↑, 1,

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 1, Hif1a↓, 1, NO↓, 9, NO↑, 1, VEGF↓, 1,

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

BBB?, 1, BBB↑, 12, GLUT3↑, 1, GLUT4↑, 1,

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX1↓, 1, COX2↓, 14, CRP↓, 2, ICAM-1↓, 3, IL1↓, 1, IL10↓, 2, IL10↑, 2, IL12↓, 3, IL17↓, 1, IL1β↓, 21, IL2↓, 3, IL22↓, 1, IL4↓, 4, IL4↑, 1, IL6↓, 13, IL6↑, 1, IL8↓, 3, INF-γ↓, 2, Inflam↓, 36, IP-10/CXCL-10↓, 1, MCP1↓, 4, MyD88↓, 1, NF-kB↓, 17, p65↓, 1, PGE2↓, 6, TLR2↓, 2, TLR4↓, 10, TNF-α↓, 23, TRIF↓, 1,

Cellular Microenvironment ⓘ

NOX↓, 2,

Synaptic & Neurotransmission ⓘ

5HT↑, 4, AChE↓, 22, BChE↓, 2, BDNF↑, 10, ChAT↑, 4, GABA↓, 1, GABA↑, 2, MAOA↓, 1, tau↓, 5, p‑tau↓, 3, TrkB↑, 1,

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

Aβ↓, 23, BACE↓, 1, NLRP3↓, 5,

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors ⓘ

cortisol↓, 1, ER(estro)↓, 1, ER(estro)↑, 1,

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 4, BioAv↑, 6, BioAv↝, 2, BioEnh↑, 1, Dose↑, 1, Dose↝, 7, eff↑, 5, eff↝, 1, Half-Life↓, 1, Half-Life↑, 1, Half-Life↝, 1, P450↑, 1,

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1, AST↓, 1, Bil↑, 1, BP↓, 6, BP∅, 1, creat↓, 1, CRP↓, 2, GutMicro↑, 6, IL6↓, 13, IL6↑, 1, Ki-67↓, 1, LDH↓, 3, NOS2↓, 1,

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 3, AntiDiabetic↑, 1, cardioP↑, 11, chemoP↑, 1, cognitive↓, 1, cognitive↑, 28, hepatoP↑, 7, memory↑, 27, motorD↑, 4, neuroP↑, 40, Pain↓, 1, radioP↑, 1, RenoP↑, 4, Sleep↑, 1, Strength↑, 2, toxicity↓, 6, toxicity∅, 1, Weight↓, 1,

Infection & Microbiome ⓘ

IRF3↓, 1, Sepsis↓, 1,
Total Targets: 236

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: Catalase, Catalase

4 Curcumin
4 Ferulic acid
4 Hydrogen Gas
3 Alpha-Lipoic-Acid
3 Silymarin (Milk Thistle) silibinin
3 Thymoquinone
3 Urolithin
2 Carvacrol
2 Luteolin
2 Lycopene
2 Moringa oleifera
2 Resveratrol
1 Allicin (mainly Garlic)
1 Apigenin (mainly Parsley)
1 Ashwagandha(Withaferin A)
1 Betulinic acid
1 Bacopa monnieri
1 Boswellia (frankincense)
1 Celastrol
1 Chlorogenic acid
1 Selenium NanoParticles
1 Ginkgo biloba
1 Honokiol
1 Magnetic Fields
1 Methylsulfonylmethane
1 Propolis -bee glue
1 Piperine
1 Pterostilbene
1 Quercetin
1 Rosmarinic acid
1 Sulforaphane (mainly Broccoli)
1 Taurine
1 Thymol-Thymus vulgaris

Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:38  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:46  State#:%  Dir#:2
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

Catalase Cancer Research Results

Brain Energy Systems Matrix (AD)

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:

Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

Cell Death ⓘ

Kinase & Signal Transduction ⓘ

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

Migration ⓘ

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

Cellular Microenvironment ⓘ

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:

Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

Metal & Cofactor Biology ⓘ

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

Cell Death ⓘ

Kinase & Signal Transduction ⓘ

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

Migration ⓘ

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

Cellular Microenvironment ⓘ

Synaptic & Neurotransmission ⓘ

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors ⓘ

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

Infection & Microbiome ⓘ

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