GSH Cancer Research Results

GSH, Glutathione: Click to Expand ⟱
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Glutathione (GSH) is a thiol antioxidant that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in the formation of oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Decreased amounts of GSH and a decreased GSH/GSSG ratio in tissues are biomarkers of oxidative stress.
Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant found in every cell of the body, composed of three amino acids: cysteine, glutamine, and glycine. It plays a crucial role in protecting cells from oxidative stress, detoxifying harmful substances, and supporting the immune system.
cancer cells can have elevated levels of glutathione, which may help them survive in the oxidative environment created by the immune response and chemotherapy. This can make cancer cells more resistant to treatment.
While glutathione can be obtained from certain foods (like fruits, vegetables, and meats), its absorption from supplements is debated. Some people take N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or other precursors to boost glutathione levels, but the effects on cancer prevention or treatment are still being studied.
Depleting glutathione (GSH) to raise reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a strategy that has been explored in cancer research and therapy.
Many cancer cells have altered redox states and may rely on GSH to survive. Increasing ROS levels can induce stress in these cells, potentially leading to cell death.
Certain drugs and compounds can deplete GSH levels. For example, agents like buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) inhibit the synthesis of GSH, leading to its depletion.
Cancer cells tend to exhibit higher levels of intracellular GSH, possibly as an adaptive response to a higher metabolism and thus higher steady-state levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

"...intracellular glutathione (GSH) exhibits an astounding antioxidant activity in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS)..."
"Cancer cells have a high level of GSH compared to normal cells."
"...cancer cells are affluent with high antioxidant levels, especially with GSH, whose appearance at an elevated concentration of ∼10 mM (10 times less in normal cells) detoxifies the cancer cells." "Therefore, GSH depletion can be assumed to be the key strategy to amplify the oxidative stress in cancer cells, enhancing the destruction of cancer cells by fruitful cancer therapy."

The loss of GSH is broadly known to be directly related to the apoptosis progression.
BC, Breast Cancer: Click to Expand ⟱
Breast Cancer
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
5282- 3BP,  Rad,    3-Bromopyruvate-mediated MCT1-dependent metabolic perturbation sensitizes triple negative breast cancer cells to ionizing radiation
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231 - in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-468
Glycolysis↓, RadioS↑, eff↑, GAPDH↓, PPP↑, GSH↓, ECAR↓,
4417- AgNPs,    Caffeine-boosted silver nanoparticles target breast cancer cells by triggering oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptotic pathways
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231
ROS↑, MDA↑, COX2↑, IL1β↑, TNF-α↑, GSH↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp3↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, LDH↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, CDK2↓, TumCCA↑, mt-Apoptosis↑,
5167- AL,    The Effects of Allicin, a Reactive Sulfur Species from Garlic, on a Selection of Mammalian Cell Lines
- in-vitro, Nor, 3T3 - in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, CRC, HT-29
Thiols↓, tumCV↓, TumCP↓, GSH↓, GSSG↑, ROS↑,
1603- Cu,  BP,  SDT,    Glutathione Depletion-Induced ROS/NO Generation for Cascade Breast Cancer Therapy and Enhanced Anti-Tumor Immune Response
- in-vitro, BC, 4T1 - in-vivo, NA, NA
GSH↓, Fenton↑, ROS↑, NO↑, sonoS↑, eff↑, NO↑, *toxicity∅, eff?,
1602- Cu,    A simultaneously GSH-depleted bimetallic Cu(ii) complex for enhanced chemodynamic cancer therapy†
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, BC, 4T1 - in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, Liver, HepG2
eff↑, GSH↓, H2O2↑, ROS↑, *BioAv↑, selectivity↑, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, Fenton↑, *toxicity?,
406- CUR,    Effect of curcumin on normal and tumor cells: Role of glutathione and bcl-2
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, Hepat, HepG2
GSH↓, Apoptosis↑, Bcl-2↓, cMyc↓,
409- CUR,    Curcumin Inhibits Glyoxalase 1—A Possible Link to Its Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Tumor Activity
- in-vitro, Pca, PC3 - in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231
GLO-I↓, GSH↓, ATP↓,
414- CUR,    Transcriptome Investigation and In Vitro Verification of Curcumin-Induced HO-1 as a Feature of Ferroptosis in Breast Cancer Cells
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231
Ferroptosis↑, Iron↑, ROS↑, lipid-P↑, MDA↑, GSH↓, HO-1↑, NRF2↑, GPx↓, ROS↑, Iron↑, GPx4↓, HSP70/HSPA5↑, ATFs↑, CHOP↑, MDA↑, FTL↑, FTH1↑, BACH1↑, REL↑, USF1↑, NFE2L2↑,
823- GAR,    Garcinol Potentiates TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis through Modulation of Death Receptors and Antiapoptotic Proteins
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, Nor, MCF10 - in-vitro, CRC, HCT116
Casp3↑, Casp9↑, Casp8↑, DR5↑, survivin↓, Bcl-2↓, XIAP↓, cFLIP↓, BAX↑, Cyt‑c↑, ROS↑, GSH↓, *eff↓,
4803- Lyco,    Enhanced cytotoxic and apoptosis inducing activity of lycopene oxidation products in different cancer cell lines
- in-vitro, Pca, PC3 - in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, Melanoma, A431 - in-vitro, Liver, HepG2 - in-vitro, Cerv, HeLa - in-vitro, Lung, A549
tumCV↓, GSH↓, MDA↑, ROS↑, Apoptosis↑,
4932- PEITC,    Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Phenethyl Isothiocyanate: Implications in Breast Cancer Prevention
- Review, BC, NA
TumCCA↑, ROS↑, GSH↓, ERα/ESR1↓, TumMeta↓, angioG↓,
4934- PEITC,    Differential induction of apoptosis in human breast cancer cell lines by phenethyl isothiocyanate, a glutathione depleting agent
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231
GSH↓, ROS↑, chemoPv↑, Apoptosis↑, Casp9↑, Casp3↑, eff↓, TumCG↓, TumCCA↑, BAX↑, Nrf1↑, GSH↓, GSSG↓, GSH/GSSG↓,
2973- PL,    The Natural Alkaloid Piperlongumine Inhibits Metastatic Activity and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition of Triple-Negative Mammary Carcinoma Cells
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231 - in-vitro, BC, 4T1
MMP2↓, MMP9↓, IL6↓, E-cadherin↑, ROS↑, EMT↓, Zeb1↓, Slug↓, TumMeta↓, selectivity↑, MMP2↓, GSH↓,
2941- PL,    Selective killing of cancer cells by a small molecule targeting the stress response to ROS
- in-vivo, BC, MDA-MB-231 - in-vitro, OS, U2OS - in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-453
ROS↑, Apoptosis↑, selectivity↑, *ROS∅, GSH↓, GSSG↑, H2O2↑, NO↑, Half-Life?,
2943- PL,    Piperlongumine Inhibits Thioredoxin Reductase 1 by Targeting Selenocysteine Residues and Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Erastin
- in-vitro, CRC, HCT116 - in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, BC, MCF-7
TrxR1?, TumCD↑, ROS↑, GSH↓, eff↑,
2957- PL,    Piperlongumine Induces Cell Cycle Arrest via Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation and IKKβ Suppression in Human Breast Cancer Cells
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7
TumCP↓, TumCMig↓, TumCCA↑, ROS↑, H2O2↑, GSH↓, IKKα↓, NF-kB↓, P21↑, eff↓,
2955- PL,    Heme Oxygenase-1 Determines the Differential Response of Breast Cancer and Normal Cells to Piperlongumine
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, Nor, MCF10
ROS?, *ROS∅, other⇅, HO-1↑, *HO-1↑, NRF2↑, Keap1↓, cl‑PARP↑, selectivity↑, GSH↓, GSSG↑,
1201- QC,    Quercetin: a silent retarder of fatty acid oxidation in breast cancer metastasis through steering of mitochondrial CPT1
- in-vivo, BC, NA
mitResp↓, Glycolysis↓, ATP↓, ROS↑, GSH↓, TumMeta↓, Apoptosis↑, FAO↓,
323- Sal,  AgNPs,    Combination of salinomycin and silver nanoparticles enhances apoptosis and autophagy in human ovarian cancer cells: an effective anticancer therapy
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231 - in-vitro, Ovarian, A2780S
TumCD↑, LDH↓, MDA↑, SOD↓, ROS↑, GSH↓, Catalase↓, MMP↓, P53↑, P21↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, Apoptosis↑, TumAuto↑,
5040- SAS,    Structure-Activity-Relationship-Aided Design and Synthesis of xCT Antiporter Inhibitors
- in-vitro, GBM, A172 - in-vitro, Melanoma, A375 - in-vitro, GBM, U87MG - in-vitro, BC, MCF-7
GSH↓, toxicity↓, xCT↓,
5039- SAS,    Regulatory network of ferroptosis and autophagy by targeting oxidative stress defense using sulfasalazine in triple-negative breast cancer
- vitro+vivo, BC, NA
xCT↓, ROS↑, GSH↓, Ferroptosis↑, TumCG↓, toxicity↓, lipid-P↑,
5036- SAS,    Targeting xCT with sulfasalazine suppresses triple-negative breast cancer growth via inducing autophagy and coordinating cell cycle and proliferation
- vitro+vivo, BC, MDA-MB-231 - in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-468
xCT↓, GSH↓, OS↑, Myc↓, CDK1↓, CD44↓, eff↑, TumCG↓,
5091- SSE,    Superoxide-mediated ferroptosis in human cancer cells induced by sodium selenite
- in-vitro, GBM, U87MG - in-vitro, Cerv, HeLa - in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, Pca, PC3 - in-vitro, CRC, HT-29 - in-vitro, Nor, SVGp12
Ferroptosis↑, xCT↓, GSH↓, GPx4↓, Iron↑, lipid-P↑, ROS↑, eff↓, TumCP↓, TumCD↑,
5088- SSE,    Superoxide-mediated ferroptosis in human cancer cells induced by sodium selenite
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, GBM, U87MG - in-vitro, Pca, PC3 - in-vitro, Cerv, HeLa - in-vitro, GBM, A172
Ferroptosis↑, ROS↑, Iron↑, xCT↓, GSH↓, GPx4↓, lipid-P↑, TumCP↓, selectivity↑,
2112- TQ,    Crude flavonoid extract of the medicinal herb Nigella sativa inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in breastcancer cells
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7
Apoptosis↑, DNAdam↑, ROS↑, GSH↓, MMP↓, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, Casp9↑, Bax:Bcl2↑, P53↑, P21↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, GSSG↑, GSH/GSSG↓,
2110- TQ,    Nigella sativa seed oil suppresses cell proliferation and induces ROS dependent mitochondrial apoptosis through p53 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
- in-vitro, HCC, HepG2 - in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, Nor, HEK293
P53↑, lipid-P↑, GSH↓, ROS↑, MMP↓, BAX↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, Bcl-2↓, tumCV↓, selectivity↑,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 26 of 26

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 26

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

Catalase↓, 1,   Fenton↑, 2,   Ferroptosis↑, 4,   GPx↓, 1,   GPx4↓, 3,   GSH↓, 27,   GSH/GSSG↓, 2,   GSSG↓, 1,   GSSG↑, 4,   H2O2↑, 3,   HO-1↑, 2,   Iron↑, 4,   Keap1↓, 1,   lipid-P↑, 5,   MDA↑, 5,   NFE2L2↑, 1,   Nrf1↑, 1,   NRF2↑, 2,   ROS?, 1,   ROS↑, 21,   SOD↓, 1,   Thiols↓, 1,   TrxR1?, 1,   xCT↓, 5,  

Metal & Cofactor Biology ⓘ

FTH1↑, 1,   FTL↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

ATP↓, 2,   mitResp↓, 1,   MMP↓, 3,   XIAP↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

cMyc↓, 1,   ECAR↓, 1,   FAO↓, 1,   GAPDH↓, 1,   GLO-I↓, 1,   Glycolysis↓, 2,   LDH↓, 2,   PPP↑, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Apoptosis↑, 8,   mt-Apoptosis↑, 1,   BAX↑, 5,   Bax:Bcl2↑, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 5,   Casp3↑, 6,   Casp7↑, 1,   Casp8↑, 1,   Casp9↑, 5,   cFLIP↓, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 2,   DR5↑, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 4,   Myc↓, 1,   survivin↓, 1,   TumCD↑, 3,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

other⇅, 1,   sonoS↑, 1,   tumCV↓, 3,   USF1↑, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

ATFs↑, 1,   CHOP↑, 1,   HSP70/HSPA5↑, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

TumAuto↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

DNAdam↑, 1,   P53↑, 3,   cl‑PARP↑, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

CDK1↓, 1,   CDK2↓, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 2,   P21↑, 3,   TumCCA↑, 5,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

CD44↓, 1,   EMT↓, 1,   TumCG↓, 3,  

Migration ⓘ

BACH1↑, 1,   E-cadherin↑, 1,   MMP2↓, 2,   MMP9↓, 1,   Slug↓, 1,   TumCMig↓, 1,   TumCP↓, 4,   TumMeta↓, 3,   Zeb1↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 1,   NO↑, 3,   REL↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX2↑, 1,   IKKα↓, 1,   IL1β↑, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 1,   TNF-α↑, 1,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors ⓘ

ERα/ESR1↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

eff?, 1,   eff↓, 3,   eff↑, 5,   Half-Life?, 1,   RadioS↑, 1,   selectivity↑, 6,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

ERα/ESR1↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   LDH↓, 2,   Myc↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

chemoPv↑, 1,   OS↑, 1,   toxicity↓, 2,  
Total Targets: 105

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

HO-1↑, 1,   ROS∅, 2,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↑, 1,   eff↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

toxicity?, 1,   toxicity∅, 1,  
Total Targets: 6

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: GSH, Glutathione
5 Piperlongumine
3 Curcumin
3 Sulfasalazine
2 Silver-NanoParticles
2 Copper and Cu NanoParticles
2 Phenethyl isothiocyanate
2 Selenite (Sodium)
2 Thymoquinone
1 3-bromopyruvate
1 Radiotherapy/Radiation
1 Allicin (mainly Garlic)
1 Black phosphorus
1 SonoDynamic Therapy UltraSound
1 Garcinol
1 Lycopene
1 Quercetin
1 salinomycin
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:4  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:137  State#:%  Dir#:1
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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