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| Also known as CP32. Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) is a common key protein in the apoptosis and pyroptosis pathways, and when activated, the expression level of tumor suppressor gene Gasdermin E (GSDME) determines the mechanism of tumor cell death. As a key protein of apoptosis, caspase-3 can also cleave GSDME and induce pyroptosis. Loss of caspase activity is an important cause of tumor progression. Many anticancer strategies rely on the promotion of apoptosis in cancer cells as a means to shrink tumors. Crucial for apoptotic function are executioner caspases, most notably caspase-3, that proteolyze a variety of proteins, inducing cell death. Paradoxically, overexpression of procaspase-3 (PC-3), the low-activity zymogen precursor to caspase-3, has been reported in a variety of cancer types. Until recently, this counterintuitive overexpression of a pro-apoptotic protein in cancer has been puzzling. Recent studies suggest subapoptotic caspase-3 activity may promote oncogenic transformation, a possible explanation for the enigmatic overexpression of PC-3. Herein, the overexpression of PC-3 in cancer and its mechanistic basis is reviewed; collectively, the data suggest the potential for exploitation of PC-3 overexpression with PC-3 activators as a targeted anticancer strategy. Caspase 3 is the main effector caspase and has a key role in apoptosis. In many types of cancer, including breast, lung, and colon cancer, caspase-3 expression is reduced or absent. On the other hand, some studies have shown that high levels of caspase-3 expression can be associated with a better prognosis in certain types of cancer, such as breast cancer. This suggests that caspase-3 may play a role in the elimination of cancer cells, and that therapies aimed at activating caspase-3 may be effective in treating certain types of cancer. Procaspase-3 is a apoptotic marker protein. Prognostic significance: • High Cas3 expression: Associated with good prognosis and increased sensitivity to chemotherapy in breast, gastric, lung, and pancreatic cancers. • Low Cas3 expression: Linked to poor prognosis and increased risk of recurrence in colorectal, hepatocellular carcinoma, ovarian, and prostate cancers. |
| Osteosarcoma is a type of cancer that starts in the bones. It is the most common type of bone cancer, and it usually affects children and young adults, although it can occur at any age. Osteosarcoma typically develops in the long bones of the body, such as the arms and legs, but it can also occur in other bones, including the pelvis and jaw. |
| 4405- | AgNPs, | Silver nanoparticles defeat p53-positive and p53-negative osteosarcoma cells by triggering mitochondrial stress and apoptosis |
| - | in-vitro, | OS, | NA |
| 2576- | ART/DHA, | AL, | The Synergistic Anticancer Effect of Artesunate Combined with Allicin in Osteosarcoma Cell Line in Vitro and in Vivo |
| - | in-vitro, | OS, | MG63 | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 1372- | Ash, | Withaferin-A Induces Apoptosis in Osteosarcoma U2OS Cell Line via Generation of ROS and Disruption of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential |
| - | in-vitro, | OS, | U2OS |
| 1523- | Ba, | Baicalein induces human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 apoptosis via ROS-induced BNIP3 expression |
| - | in-vitro, | OS, | MG63 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | hFOB1.19 |
| 2012- | CAP, | Capsaicin induces cytotoxicity in human osteosarcoma MG63 cells through TRPV1-dependent and -independent pathways |
| - | NA, | OS, | MG63 |
| 2844- | FIS, | Fisetin, a dietary flavonoid induces apoptosis via modulating the MAPK and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways in human osteosarcoma (U-2 OS) cells |
| - | in-vitro, | OS, | U2OS |
| 2073- | HNK, | Honokiol induces apoptosis and autophagy via the ROS/ERK1/2 signaling pathway in human osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo |
| - | in-vitro, | OS, | U2OS | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 5052- | HPT, | Hyperthermia Induces Apoptosis through Endoplasmic Reticulum and Reactive Oxygen Species in Human Osteosarcoma Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | OS, | U2OS |
| 2048- | PB, | Sodium Phenylbutyrate Inhibits Tumor Growth and the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro and In Vivo |
| - | in-vitro, | OS, | CAL27 | - | in-vitro, | Oral, | HSC3 | - | in-vitro, | OS, | SCC4 | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 2006- | PLB, | Plumbagin induces apoptosis in human osteosarcoma through ROS generation, endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial apoptosis pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | OS, | MG63 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | hFOB1.19 |
| 1477- | SFN, | Sulforaphane Induces Oxidative Stress and Death by p53-Independent Mechanism: Implication of Impaired Glutathione Recycling |
| - | in-vitro, | OS, | MG63 |
| 5332- | TFdiG, | Theaflavin-3,3′-digallate triggers apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells via the caspase pathway |
| - | vitro+vivo, | OS, | 143B | - | in-vitro, | OS, | U2OS |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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