GSH Cancer Research Results

GSH, Glutathione: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
Glutathione (GSH) is a thiol antioxidant that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in the formation of oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Decreased amounts of GSH and a decreased GSH/GSSG ratio in tissues are biomarkers of oxidative stress.
Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant found in every cell of the body, composed of three amino acids: cysteine, glutamine, and glycine. It plays a crucial role in protecting cells from oxidative stress, detoxifying harmful substances, and supporting the immune system.
cancer cells can have elevated levels of glutathione, which may help them survive in the oxidative environment created by the immune response and chemotherapy. This can make cancer cells more resistant to treatment.
While glutathione can be obtained from certain foods (like fruits, vegetables, and meats), its absorption from supplements is debated. Some people take N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or other precursors to boost glutathione levels, but the effects on cancer prevention or treatment are still being studied.
Depleting glutathione (GSH) to raise reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a strategy that has been explored in cancer research and therapy.
Many cancer cells have altered redox states and may rely on GSH to survive. Increasing ROS levels can induce stress in these cells, potentially leading to cell death.
Certain drugs and compounds can deplete GSH levels. For example, agents like buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) inhibit the synthesis of GSH, leading to its depletion.
Cancer cells tend to exhibit higher levels of intracellular GSH, possibly as an adaptive response to a higher metabolism and thus higher steady-state levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

"...intracellular glutathione (GSH) exhibits an astounding antioxidant activity in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS)..."
"Cancer cells have a high level of GSH compared to normal cells."
"...cancer cells are affluent with high antioxidant levels, especially with GSH, whose appearance at an elevated concentration of ∼10 mM (10 times less in normal cells) detoxifies the cancer cells." "Therefore, GSH depletion can be assumed to be the key strategy to amplify the oxidative stress in cancer cells, enhancing the destruction of cancer cells by fruitful cancer therapy."

The loss of GSH is broadly known to be directly related to the apoptosis progression.
Nor, Normal Healthy: Click to Expand ⟱
Normal Healthy
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
4382- AgNPs,    Silver nanoparticles induce cytotoxicity by a Trojan-horse type mechanism
- in-vitro, Nor, RAW264.7
*GSH↓, *NO↑, *TNF-α↑, *MMP3↑, *MMP11↑,
2287- AgNPs,    Silver nanoparticles induce endothelial cytotoxicity through ROS-mediated mitochondria-lysosome damage and autophagy perturbation: The protective role of N-acetylcysteine
- in-vitro, Nor, HUVECs
*TumCP↓, *ROS↑, *eff↓, *MDA↑, *GSH↓, *MMP↓, *ATP↓, *LC3II↑, *p62↑, *Bcl-2↓, *BAX↑, *Casp3↑,
5167- AL,    The Effects of Allicin, a Reactive Sulfur Species from Garlic, on a Selection of Mammalian Cell Lines
- in-vitro, Nor, 3T3 - in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, CRC, HT-29
Thiols↓, tumCV↓, TumCP↓, GSH↓, GSSG↑, ROS↑,
5165- AL,    The human allicin-proteome: S-thioallylation of proteins by the garlic defence substance allicin and its biological effects
- in-vitro, AML, Jurkat - in-vitro, Nor, L929
necrosis↑, Thiols↓, GSH↓, ENO1↓, Zn2+↑, Glycolysis↓, ATP↓, BioAv↓,
1565- Api,    Apigenin-7-glucoside induces apoptosis and ROS accumulation in lung cancer cells, and inhibits PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway
- in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, Nor, BEAS-2B - in-vitro, Lung, H1975
TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, Cyt‑c↑, MDA↑, GSH↓, ROS↑, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓,
2570- ART/DHA,    Discovery, mechanisms of action and combination therapy of artemisinin
- Review, Nor, NA
*BioAv↓, *Half-Life↓, *toxicity↓, *ROS↑, GSH↓, selectivity↑,
3172- Ash,    Implications of Withaferin A for the metastatic potential and drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via Nrf2-mediated EMT and ferroptosis
- in-vitro, HCC, HepG2 - in-vitro, Nor, HL7702
Keap1↑, NRF2↓, EMT↓, TumCP↓, TumCI↓, selectivity↑, *toxicity↓, ROS↑, MDA↑, GSH↓, Ferroptosis↑,
1146- AsP,    Potential use of nanoformulated ascorbyl palmitate as a promising anticancer agent: First comparative assessment between nano and free forms
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, IL6↓, STAT3↓, angioG↓, TumMeta↓, VEGF↓, MMP9↓, SOD↑, Catalase↑, GSH↓, MDA↓, NO↓, *BioAv↑,
5506- Ba,    Improved Bioavailability and Hepatoprotective Activity of Baicalein Via a Self-assembled Solutol HS15 Micelles System
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*AST↓, *ALAT↓, *GSH↓, *SOD↓, *MDA↓, *hepatoP↑, *Inflam↓, BioAv↑,
739- Bor,    Borax regulates iron chaperone- and autophagy-mediated ferroptosis pathway in glioblastoma cells
- in-vitro, GBM, U87MG - in-vitro, Nor, HMC3
TumCG↓, TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, PCBP1↓, GSH↓, GPx4↓, Beclin-1↑, MDA↑, ACSL4↑, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, Ferroptosis↑, *toxicity↓,
738- Bor,    Borax induces ferroptosis of glioblastoma by targeting HSPA5/NRF2/GPx4/GSH pathways
- in-vitro, GBM, U251 - in-vitro, GBM, A172 - in-vitro, Nor, SVGp12
TumCP↓, GPx4↓, GSH↓, HSP70/HSPA5↓, NRF2↓, MDA↑, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, Ferroptosis↑, selectivity↑,
729- Bor,    Promising potential of boron compounds against Glioblastoma: In Vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer studies
- in-vitro, GBM, U87MG - in-vivo, Nor, HaCaT
TOS↑, TumCG↓, MDA↑, SOD↑, Catalase↑, TAC↓, GSH↓, BRAF↑, MAPK↓, PTEN↓, Raf↓, *toxicity↓,
2014- CAP,    Role of Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Complexes in Capsaicin Mediated Oxidative Stress Leading to Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
- in-vitro, PC, Bxpc-3 - in-vitro, Nor, HPDE-6 - in-vivo, PC, AsPC-1
ROS↑, *ROS∅, selectivity↑, compI↓, compIII↓, eff↑, selectivity↑, ATP↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp9↑, Casp3↑, MMP↓, SOD↓, GSH/GSSG↓, Apoptosis↑, *toxicity∅, GSH↓, Catalase↓, GPx↓, Dose↝,
1585- Citrate,    Sodium citrate targeting Ca2+/CAMKK2 pathway exhibits anti-tumor activity through inducing apoptosis and ferroptosis in ovarian cancer
- in-vitro, Ovarian, SKOV3 - in-vitro, Ovarian, A2780S - in-vitro, Nor, HEK293
Apoptosis↑, Ferroptosis↑, Ca+2↓, CaMKII ↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, Hif1a↓, ROS↑, ChemoSen↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, Cyt‑c↑, GlucoseCon↓, lactateProd↓, Pyruv↓, GLUT1↓, HK2↓, PFKP↓, Glycolysis↓, Hif1a↓, p‑Akt↓, p‑mTOR↓, Iron↑, lipid-P↑, MDA↑, ROS↑, H2O2↑, mtDam↑, GSH↓, GPx↓, GPx4↓, NADPH/NADP+↓, eff↓, FTH1↓, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, NCOA4↑, eff↓, TumCG↓,
2272- dietMet,    Methionine restriction - Association with redox homeostasis and implications on aging and diseases
- Review, Nor, NA
*OS↑, *mt-ROS↓, *H2S↑, *FGF21↑, *cognitive↑, *GutMicro↑, *IGF-1↓, *mTOR↓, *GSH↑, *SOD↑, *MDA↓, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *NQO1↑, *GLUT4↑, *Glycolysis↑, *HK2↑, *PFK↑, *PKM2↑, *GlucoseCon↑, *ATF4↑, *PPARα↑, GSH↓, GSTs↑, ROS↑, *neuroP↑,
2269- dietMet,    Mechanisms of Increased In Vivo Insulin Sensitivity by Dietary Methionine Restriction in Mice
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*adiP↑, *FGF↑, *Insulin↓, *glucose↓, *Akt↑, *GSH↓, *PTEN↓, *FGF21↑, *PIP3↑,
823- GAR,    Garcinol Potentiates TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis through Modulation of Death Receptors and Antiapoptotic Proteins
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, Nor, MCF10 - in-vitro, CRC, HCT116
Casp3↑, Casp9↑, Casp8↑, DR5↑, survivin↓, Bcl-2↓, XIAP↓, cFLIP↓, BAX↑, Cyt‑c↑, ROS↑, GSH↓, *eff↓,
5050- HPT,    Reactive oxygen species, heat stress and oxidative-induced mitochondrial damage. A review
- Review, Nor, NA
*ROS↑, *SOD1↓, *GSH↓, other↑, HIF-1↑, ROS↑,
1767- PG,    Propyl gallate induces cell death in human pulmonary fibroblast through increasing reactive oxygen species levels and depleting glutathione
- in-vitro, Nor, NA
*ROS↑, *GSH↓, *SOD↓, *Catalase↓, eff↓,
2955- PL,    Heme Oxygenase-1 Determines the Differential Response of Breast Cancer and Normal Cells to Piperlongumine
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, Nor, MCF10
ROS?, *ROS∅, other⇅, HO-1↑, *HO-1↑, NRF2↑, Keap1↓, cl‑PARP↑, selectivity↑, GSH↓, GSSG↑,
1483- SFN,    Targeting p62 by sulforaphane promotes autolysosomal degradation of SLC7A11, inducing ferroptosis for osteosarcoma treatment
- in-vitro, OS, 143B - in-vitro, Nor, HEK293 - in-vivo, OS, NA
AntiCan↑, *toxicity∅, Ferroptosis↑, ROS↑, lipid-P↑, GSH↓, p62↑, SLC12A5↓, eff↓, GPx4↓, i-Iron↑, eff↓, MDA↑, TumVol↓, TumW↓, Ki-67↓, LC3B↑, *Weight∅,
3311- SIL,    Silymarin protects against acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity via Nrf2 signalling in PC12 cells
- in-vitro, Nor, PC12
*antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, AntiCan↑, *ROS↓, *MDA↓, *GSH↓, *NRF2↑, *GPx↑, *GCLC↑, *GCLM↑,
5091- SSE,    Superoxide-mediated ferroptosis in human cancer cells induced by sodium selenite
- in-vitro, GBM, U87MG - in-vitro, Cerv, HeLa - in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, Pca, PC3 - in-vitro, CRC, HT-29 - in-vitro, Nor, SVGp12
Ferroptosis↑, xCT↓, GSH↓, GPx4↓, Iron↑, lipid-P↑, ROS↑, eff↓, TumCP↓, TumCD↑,
2110- TQ,    Nigella sativa seed oil suppresses cell proliferation and induces ROS dependent mitochondrial apoptosis through p53 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
- in-vitro, HCC, HepG2 - in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, Nor, HEK293
P53↑, lipid-P↑, GSH↓, ROS↑, MMP↓, BAX↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, Bcl-2↓, tumCV↓, selectivity↑,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 24 of 24

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 24

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

Catalase↓, 1,   Catalase↑, 2,   compI↓, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 6,   GPx↓, 2,   GPx4↓, 5,   GSH↓, 17,   GSH/GSSG↓, 1,   GSSG↑, 2,   GSTs↑, 1,   H2O2↑, 1,   HO-1↑, 1,   Iron↑, 2,   i-Iron↑, 1,   Keap1↓, 1,   Keap1↑, 1,   lipid-P↑, 4,   MDA↓, 1,   MDA↑, 7,   NADPH/NADP+↓, 1,   NRF2↓, 2,   NRF2↑, 1,   ROS?, 1,   ROS↑, 12,   SOD↓, 1,   SOD↑, 2,   TAC↓, 1,   Thiols↓, 2,   TOS↑, 1,   xCT↓, 1,  

Metal & Cofactor Biology ⓘ

FTH1↓, 1,   NCOA4↑, 1,   Zn2+↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

ATP↓, 2,   compIII↓, 1,   MMP↓, 2,   mtDam↑, 1,   Raf↓, 1,   XIAP↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

ACSL4↑, 1,   ENO1↓, 1,   GlucoseCon↓, 1,   Glycolysis↓, 2,   HK2↓, 1,   lactateProd↓, 1,   PFKP↓, 1,   Pyruv↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 2,   p‑Akt↓, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 4,   BAX↑, 3,   Bcl-2↓, 3,   Casp3↑, 6,   Casp7↑, 2,   Casp8↑, 1,   Casp9↑, 4,   cFLIP↓, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 4,   DR5↑, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 6,   MAPK↓, 1,   necrosis↑, 1,   survivin↓, 1,   TumCD↑, 1,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction ⓘ

CaMKII ↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

other↑, 1,   other⇅, 1,   tumCV↓, 2,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

HSP70/HSPA5↓, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

Beclin-1↑, 1,   LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, 1,   LC3B↑, 1,   p62↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

P53↑, 1,   cl‑PARP↑, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

TumCCA↑, 2,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

BRAF↑, 1,   EMT↓, 1,   mTOR↓, 2,   p‑mTOR↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 1,   PTEN↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 1,   TumCG↓, 3,   Zn2+↑, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

Ca+2↓, 1,   Ki-67↓, 1,   MMP9↓, 1,   PCBP1↓, 1,   TumCI↓, 2,   TumCMig↓, 1,   TumCP↓, 6,   TumMeta↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 1,   HIF-1↑, 1,   Hif1a↓, 2,   NO↓, 1,   VEGF↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

GLUT1↓, 1,   SLC12A5↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

IL6↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 1,   BioAv↑, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 1,   Dose↝, 1,   eff↓, 6,   eff↑, 1,   selectivity↑, 7,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

BRAF↑, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   Ki-67↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 2,   TumVol↓, 1,   TumW↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 114

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 1,   Catalase↓, 1,   GCLC↑, 1,   GCLM↑, 1,   GPx↑, 1,   GSH↓, 7,   GSH↑, 1,   HO-1↑, 2,   MDA↓, 3,   MDA↑, 1,   NQO1↑, 1,   NRF2↑, 2,   ROS↓, 1,   ROS↑, 4,   ROS∅, 2,   mt-ROS↓, 1,   SOD↓, 2,   SOD↑, 1,   SOD1↓, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

ATP↓, 1,   Insulin↓, 1,   MMP↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

adiP↑, 1,   ALAT↓, 1,   FGF21↑, 2,   glucose↓, 1,   GlucoseCon↑, 1,   Glycolysis↑, 1,   H2S↑, 1,   HK2↑, 1,   PFK↑, 1,   PIP3↑, 1,   PKM2↑, 1,   PPARα↑, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↑, 1,   BAX↑, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 1,   Casp3↑, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

LC3II↑, 1,   p62↑, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

FGF↑, 1,   IGF-1↓, 1,   mTOR↓, 1,   PTEN↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

MMP11↑, 1,   MMP3↑, 1,   TumCP↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

ATF4↑, 1,   NO↑, 1,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

GLUT4↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

Inflam↓, 2,   TNF-α↑, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 1,   BioAv↑, 1,   eff↓, 2,   Half-Life↓, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   AST↓, 1,   GutMicro↑, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

cognitive↑, 1,   hepatoP↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 1,   OS↑, 1,   toxicity↓, 4,   toxicity∅, 2,   Weight∅, 1,  
Total Targets: 66

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: GSH, Glutathione
3 Boron
2 Silver-NanoParticles
2 Allicin (mainly Garlic)
2 diet Methionine-Restricted Diet
1 Apigenin (mainly Parsley)
1 Artemisinin
1 Ashwagandha(Withaferin A)
1 Ascorbyl Palmitate
1 Baicalein
1 Capsaicin
1 Citric Acid
1 Garcinol
1 Hyperthermia
1 Propyl gallate
1 Piperlongumine
1 Sulforaphane (mainly Broccoli)
1 Silymarin (Milk Thistle) silibinin
1 Selenite (Sodium)
1 Thymoquinone
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:49  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:137  State#:%  Dir#:1
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

Home Page