| Source: |
| Type: |
| Destruction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, which is widely regarded as one of the earliest events in the process of cell apoptosis. Mitochondria are organelles within eukaryotic cells that produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main energy molecule used by the cell. For this reason, the mitochondrion is sometimes referred to as “the powerhouse of the cell”. Mitochondria produce ATP through process of cellular respiration—specifically, aerobic respiration, which requires oxygen. The citric acid cycle, or Krebs cycle, takes place in the mitochondria. The mitochondrial membrane potential is widely used in assessing mitochondrial function as it relates to the mitochondrial capacity of ATP generation by oxidative phosphorylation. The mitochondrial membrane potential is a reliable indicator of mitochondrial health. In cancer cells, ΔΨm is often decreased, which can lead to changes in cellular metabolism, increased glycolysis, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and altered cell death pathways. The membrane of malignant mitochondria is hyperpolarized (−220 mV) in comparison to their healthy counterparts (−160 mV), which facilitates the penetration of positively charged molecules to the cancer cells mitochondria. The MMP is a critical indicator of mitochondrial function, directly reflecting the organelle's capacity to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. |
| Normal Healthy |
| 4561- | AgNPs, | VitC, | Cellular Effects Nanosilver on Cancer and Non-cancer Cells: Potential Environmental and Human Health Impacts |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HCT116 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HEK293 |
| 2287- | AgNPs, | Silver nanoparticles induce endothelial cytotoxicity through ROS-mediated mitochondria-lysosome damage and autophagy perturbation: The protective role of N-acetylcysteine |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HUVECs |
| 2000- | AL, | Exploring the ROS-mediated anti-cancer potential in human triple-negative breast cancer by garlic bulb extract: A source of therapeutically active compounds |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MDA-MB-231 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | NA |
| 1563- | Api, | MET, | Metformin-induced ROS upregulation as amplified by apigenin causes profound anticancer activity while sparing normal cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HDFa | - | in-vitro, | PC, | AsPC-1 | - | in-vitro, | PC, | MIA PaCa-2 | - | in-vitro, | Pca, | DU145 | - | in-vitro, | Pca, | LNCaP | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 5248- | Ba, | BA, | doxoR, | Baicalin and Baicalein Enhance Cytotoxicity, Proapoptotic Activity, and Genotoxicity of Doxorubicin and Docetaxel in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HUVECs |
| 1533- | Ba, | Baicalein, as a Prooxidant, Triggers Mitochondrial Apoptosis in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells Through Mobilization of Intracellular Copper and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation |
| - | in-vitro, | BrCC, | MCF-7 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | MCF10 |
| 2023- | BBR, | Berberine Induces Caspase-Independent Cell Death in Colon Tumor Cells through Activation of Apoptosis-Inducing Factor |
| - | in-vitro, | Colon, | NA | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | YAMC |
| 2686- | BBR, | Effects of resveratrol, curcumin, berberine and other nutraceuticals on aging, cancer development, cancer stem cells and microRNAs |
| - | Review, | Nor, | NA |
| 2024- | Bos, | Antiproliferative and cell cycle arrest potentials of 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid against MCF-7 cells in vitro |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | MCF10 |
| 2047- | Buty, | Sodium butyrate inhibits migration and induces AMPK-mTOR pathway-dependent autophagy and ROS-mediated apoptosis via the miR-139-5p/Bmi-1 axis in human bladder cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | T24/HTB-9 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | SV-HUC-1 | - | in-vitro, | Bladder, | 5637 | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 5858- | CAP, | Capsaicin as a Microbiome Modulator: Metabolic Interactions and Implications for Host Health |
| - | Review, | Nor, | NA | - | Review, | AD, | NA |
| 2014- | CAP, | Role of Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Complexes in Capsaicin Mediated Oxidative Stress Leading to Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | PC, | Bxpc-3 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HPDE-6 | - | in-vivo, | PC, | AsPC-1 |
| 5881- | CAR, | Carvacrol—A Natural Phenolic Compound with Antimicrobial Properties |
| - | Review, | Nor, | NA |
| 5880- | CAR, | In vitro and in vivo antitumor potential of carvacrol nanoemulsion against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells via mitochondrial mediated apoptosis |
| - | vitro+vivo, | Lung, | A549 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | BEAS-2B | - | in-vitro, | Lung, | PC9 |
| 4764- | CoQ10, | VitE, | Auxiliary effect of trolox on coenzyme Q10 restricts angiogenesis and proliferation of retinoblastoma cells via the ERK/Akt pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | RPE, | Y79 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | ARPE-19 | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 4455- | DFE, | Ajwa Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Extract Inhibits Human Breast Adenocarcinoma (MCF7) Cells In Vitro by Inducing Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | 3T3 |
| 5223- | EMD, | Emodin inhibits colon cancer by altering BCL-2 family proteins and cell survival pathways |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | DLD1 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | CCD841 |
| 1332- | EMD, | Induction of Apoptosis in HepaRG Cell Line by Aloe-Emodin through Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and the Mitochondrial Pathway |
| - | in-vivo, | Nor, | HepaRG |
| 1318- | EMD, | Aloe-emodin Induces Apoptosis in Human Liver HL-7702 Cells through Fas Death Pathway and the Mitochondrial Pathway by Generating Reactive Oxygen Species |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HL7702 |
| 5530- | EP, | Expression of voltage-gated calcium channels augments cell susceptibility to membrane disruption by nanosecond pulsed electric field |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HEK293 |
| 1971- | GamB, | Gambogic acid triggers vacuolization-associated cell death in cancer cells via disruption of thiol proteostasis |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | MCF10 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | MDA-MB-435 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | MDA-MB-468 | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HT-29 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | CCD841 |
| 4783- | Lyco, | Lycopene suppresses gastric cancer cell growth without affecting normal gastric epithelial cells |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | AGS | - | in-vitro, | GC, | SGC-7901 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | GES-1 |
| 532- | MF, | A 50 Hz magnetic field influences the viability of breast cancer cells 96 h after exposure |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MDA-MB-231 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | MCF10 |
| 507- | MF, | Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on the tumor cell inhibition and the possible mechanism |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 | - | in-vitro, | Lung, | A549 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | GP-293 |
| 2041- | PB, | The Effect of Glucose Concentration and Sodium Phenylbutyrate Treatment on Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and ER Stress in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | 3T3 |
| 1674- | PBG, | SDT, | HPT, | Study on the effect of a triple cancer treatment of propolis, thermal cycling-hyperthermia, and low-intensity ultrasound on PANC-1 cells |
| - | in-vitro, | PC, | PANC1 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | H6c7 |
| 1684- | PBG, | Antitumor Activity of Chinese Propolis in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | MDA-MB-231 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HUVECs |
| 1766- | PG, | Propyl gallate induces human pulmonary fibroblast cell death through the regulation of Bax and caspase-3 |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | NA |
| 3353- | QC, | Quercetin triggers cell apoptosis-associated ROS-mediated cell death and induces S and G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest in KON oral cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Oral, | KON | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | MRC-5 |
| 2227- | SK, | Shikonin induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and enhances chemotherapeutic sensitivity of gastric cancer through reactive oxygen species |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | BGC-823 | - | in-vitro, | GC, | SGC-7901 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | GES-1 |
| 2219- | SK, | Shikonin induces apoptosis of HaCaT cells via the mitochondrial, Erk and Akt pathways |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HaCaT |
| 2007- | SK, | Shikonin Directly Targets Mitochondria and Causes Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cancer Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | lymphoma, | U937 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | SkBr3 | - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HCT116 | - | in-vitro, | OS, | U2OS | - | NA, | Nor, | RPE-1 |
| 5079- | SSE, | Rad, | The solvent and treatment regimen of sodium selenite cause its effects to vary on the radiation response of human bronchial cells from tumour and normal tissues |
| - | in-vitro, | Lung, | A549 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | BEAS-2B |
| 2110- | TQ, | Nigella sativa seed oil suppresses cell proliferation and induces ROS dependent mitochondrial apoptosis through p53 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells |
| - | in-vitro, | HCC, | HepG2 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 | - | in-vitro, | Lung, | A549 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HEK293 |
| 1936- | TQ, | Thymoquinone induces apoptosis and increase ROS in ovarian cancer cell line |
| - | in-vitro, | Ovarian, | CaOV3 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | WRL68 |
| 2275- | VitK2, | Delivery of the reduced form of vitamin K2(20) to NIH/3T3 cells partially protects against rotenone induced cell death |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | NIH-3T3 |
| 2279- | VitK2, | Vitamin K2 Induces Mitochondria-Related Apoptosis in Human Bladder Cancer Cells via ROS and JNK/p38 MAPK Signal Pathways |
| - | in-vitro, | Bladder, | T24/HTB-9 | - | in-vitro, | Bladder, | J82 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HEK293 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | L02 | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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