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| Type: |
| Insulin, traditionally known for its role in regulating blood glucose levels, also exerts potent mitogenic (cell division–promoting) effects. Insulin exerts its effects primarily through binding to the insulin receptor (IR), a receptor tyrosine kinase. Upon binding, the receptor undergoes autophosphorylation and activates several downstream signaling cascades, including: -PI3K/Akt Pathway: Overactivation of this pathway is often observed in cancers. -RAS/MAPK Pathway: aberrant activation can lead to tumorigenesis. IR-A: Often predominates in fetal tissues and some cancer cells. It has a higher affinity for insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and is more mitogenic. IR-B: More involved in metabolic regulation. Studies have shown that many cancers (such as breast, colon, and lung cancers) preferentially overexpress the IR-A isoform. |
| Normal Healthy |
| 5842- | CAP, | Capsaicin: Current Understanding of Its Mechanisms and Therapy of Pain and Other Pre-Clinical and Clinical Uses |
| - | Review, | Nor, | NA | - | Review, | Diabetic, | NA |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:% IllCat:% CanType:49 Cells:% prod#:% Target#:1190 State#:% Dir#:2
wNotes=0 sortOrder:rid,rpid