Luteolin / PCNA Cancer Research Results

LT, Luteolin: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Luteolin a Flavonoid found in celery, parsley, broccoli, onion leaves, carrots, peppers, cabbages, apple skins, and chrysanthemum flowers.
-MDR1 expression, MMP-9, IGF-1 and Epithelial to mesenchymal transition.

-Note half-life 2–3 hours
BioAv low, but could be improved with Res, or blend of castor oil, kolliphor and polyethylene glycol
Pathways:
- induce ROS production in cancer cell but a few reports of reduction. Always seems to reduce ROS in normal cells.
- ROS↑ related: MMP↓(ΔΨm), ER Stress↑, UPR↑, GRP78↑, Ca+2↑, Cyt‑c↑, Caspases↑, DNA damage↑, cl-PARP↑, HSP↓
- Lowers AntiOxidant defense in Cancer Cells: NRF2↓, SOD↓, GSH↓ Catalase↓ HO1↓ GPx↓
- Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: ROS↓, NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑,
- lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, p38↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓,
- inhibit Growth/Metastases : TumMeta↓, TumCG↓, EMT↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, TIMP2, IGF-1↓, VEGF↓, FAK↓, RhoA↓, NF-κB↓, CXCR4↓, ERK↓
- reactivate genes thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth : HDAC↓, DNMT1↓, DNMT3A↓, EZH2↓, P53↑, HSP↓,
- cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓, cyclin E↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓,
- inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, FAK↓, ERK↓, EMT↓, TOP1↓, TET1↓,
- inhibits glycolysis and ATP depletion : HIF-1α↓, PKM2↓, cMyc↓, LDHA↓, HK2↓, GRP78↑,
- inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓, Notch↓, PDGF↓, EGFR↓, Integrins↓,
- Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, STAT↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin↓, AMPK, ERK↓, JNK, TrxR**, - Shown to modulate the nuclear translocation of SREBP-2 (related to cholesterol).
- Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioSensitizer, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Renoprotection, Hepatoprotective, CardioProtective,

- Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells

Luteolin — Cancer vs Normal Cell Effects
Rank Pathway / Axis Cancer Cells Normal Cells Label Primary Interpretation Notes
1 PI3K → AKT → mTOR axis ↓ AKT / ↓ mTOR signaling ↔ adaptive suppression Driver Loss of survival and growth signaling Luteolin consistently suppresses PI3K/AKT signaling, explaining growth inhibition and apoptosis sensitization
2 NF-κB signaling ↓ NF-κB activation ↓ inflammatory NF-κB tone Driver Suppression of inflammatory survival transcription NF-κB inhibition is a core, repeatedly observed luteolin effect
3 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) ↑ ROS (context- & dose-dependent) ↓ ROS / buffered Conditional Driver Biphasic redox modulation Luteolin can act as a pro-oxidant in cancer cells while remaining antioxidant in normal cells
4 Mitochondrial integrity / intrinsic apoptosis ↓ ΔΨm; ↑ caspase activation ↔ preserved Secondary Execution of intrinsic apoptosis Mitochondrial apoptosis follows signaling and redox stress
5 STAT3 signaling ↓ STAT3 activation ↔ minimal Secondary Loss of proliferative and stemness signaling STAT3 suppression contributes to reduced invasion and CSC traits
6 Cell cycle regulation ↑ G1 or G2/M arrest ↔ spared Phenotypic Cytostatic growth control Cell-cycle arrest reflects upstream pathway inhibition
7 Migration / invasion (EMT, MMP axis) ↓ migration & invasion ↔ Phenotypic Anti-metastatic phenotype Reduced EMT and protease activity limit invasiveness


PCNA, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) is a protein that plays a crucial role in DNA replication and repair. It acts as a processivity factor for DNA polymerase, helping to increase the efficiency of DNA synthesis. PCNA is also involved in various cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, DNA damage response, and chromatin remodeling.
PCNA is often overexpressed in many types of tumors. This overexpression is associated with increased cell proliferation, which is a hallmark of cancer. The elevated levels of PCNA can serve as a biomarker for tumor growth and progression.
PCNA is called the “ringmaster of the genome” : it regulates the cell cycle and participates in DNA synthesis. PCNA is widely used as a cell proliferation marker in both healthy and malignant tissues.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
2919- LT,    Luteolin as a potential therapeutic candidate for lung cancer: Emerging preclinical evidence
- Review, Var, NA
RadioS↑, ChemoSen↑, chemoP↑, *lipid-P↓, *Catalase↑, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *GSTs↑, *GSH↑, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *Casp3↓, *IL10↑, NRF2↓, HO-1↓, NQO1↓, GSH↓, MET↓, p‑MET↓, p‑Akt↓, HGF/c-Met↓, NF-kB↓, Bcl-2↓, SOD2↓, Casp8↑, Casp3↑, PARP↑, MAPK↓, NLRP3↓, ASC↓, Casp1↓, IL6↓, IKKα↓, p‑p65↓, p‑p38↑, MMP2↓, ICAM-1↓, EGFR↑, p‑PI3K↓, E-cadherin↓, ZO-1↑, N-cadherin↓, CLDN1↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, Snail↓, Vim↑, ITGB1↓, FAK↓, p‑Src↓, Rac1↓, Cdc42↓, Rho↓, PCNA↓, Tyro3↓, AXL↓, CEA↓, NSE↓, SOD↓, Catalase↓, GPx↓, GSR↓, GSTs↓, GSH↓, VitE↓, VitC↓, CYP1A1↓, cFos↑, AR↓, AIF↑, p‑STAT6↓, p‑MDM2↓, NOTCH1↓, VEGF↓, H3↓, H4↓, HDAC↓, SIRT1↓, ROS↑, DR5↑, Cyt‑c↑, p‑JNK↑, PTEN↓, mTOR↓, CD34↓, FasL↑, Fas↑, XIAP↓, p‑eIF2α↑, CHOP↑, LC3II↑, PD-1↓, STAT3↓, IL2↑, EMT↓, cachexia↓, BioAv↑, *Half-Life↝, *eff↑,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 1 of 1

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 1

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

Catalase↓, 1,   CYP1A1↓, 1,   GPx↓, 1,   GSH↓, 2,   GSR↓, 1,   GSTs↓, 1,   HO-1↓, 1,   NQO1↓, 1,   NRF2↓, 1,   ROS↑, 1,   SOD↓, 1,   SOD2↓, 1,   VitC↓, 1,   VitE↓, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

AIF↑, 1,   XIAP↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

SIRT1↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

p‑Akt↓, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 1,   Casp1↓, 1,   Casp3↑, 1,   Casp8↑, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 1,   DR5↑, 1,   Fas↑, 1,   FasL↑, 1,   HGF/c-Met↓, 1,   p‑JNK↑, 1,   MAPK↓, 1,   p‑MDM2↓, 1,   p‑p38↑, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

H3↓, 1,   H4↓, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

CHOP↑, 1,   p‑eIF2α↑, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

LC3II↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

PARP↑, 1,   PCNA↓, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

CD34↓, 1,   cFos↑, 1,   EMT↓, 1,   HDAC↓, 1,   mTOR↓, 1,   NOTCH1↓, 1,   p‑PI3K↓, 1,   PTEN↓, 1,   p‑Src↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 1,   p‑STAT6↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

AXL↓, 1,   Cdc42↓, 1,   CEA↓, 1,   CLDN1↓, 1,   E-cadherin↓, 1,   FAK↓, 1,   ITGB1↓, 1,   MET↓, 1,   p‑MET↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 1,   N-cadherin↓, 1,   Rac1↓, 1,   Rho↓, 1,   Snail↓, 1,   Tyro3↓, 1,   Vim↑, 1,   ZO-1↑, 1,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

EGFR↑, 1,   VEGF↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

ASC↓, 1,   ICAM-1↓, 1,   IKKα↓, 1,   IL2↑, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 1,   p‑p65↓, 1,   PD-1↓, 1,  

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

NLRP3↓, 1,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors ⓘ

AR↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↑, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 1,   RadioS↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

AR↓, 1,   CEA↓, 1,   EGFR↑, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   NSE↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

cachexia↓, 1,   chemoP↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 89

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

Catalase↑, 1,   GPx↑, 1,   GSH↑, 1,   GSTs↑, 1,   lipid-P↓, 1,   SOD↑, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Casp3↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

IL10↑, 1,   IL1β↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

eff↑, 1,   Half-Life↝, 1,  
Total Targets: 12

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: PCNA, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:118  Target#:489  State#:%  Dir#:1
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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