Melatonin / IL1β Cancer Research Results

MEL, Melatonin: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Hormone in the body made by pineal gland.
• Melatonin is a potent antioxidant. It neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which are involved in DNA damage and cancer progression.
• Melatonin has been shown to modulate apoptotic pathways by influencing mitochondrial permeability, cytochrome c release, and caspase activation.
• In several cancer cell models, melatonin appears to promote apoptosis in malignant cells while sparing normal cells.

The most well-known indolamines are serotonin and melatonin, both of which play significant roles in regulating mood, sleep, and overall mental well-being.

Melatonin doses (20 mg to even 40 mg per day), often given as an adjuvant treatment for cancer.
-The plasma half-life of melatonin is generally in the range of approximately 20 to 60 minutes
-It has been suggested that administering melatonin at the appropriate phase of the circadian cycle may enhance its anti-tumor activity and reduce the side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Bio-availability: Oral melatonin has a low and variable bio-availability (often estimated between 3% and 33%), which means that only a fraction of the ingested dose reaches the bloodstream unchanged.

For proOxidant effect might need >10uM, which might be 100mg dose (assuming 10% bio-availability) Might also be required X10 levels?
-It remains unknown whether the pro-oxidant action exists in vivo. the vast majority of evidence indicates that melatonin is a potent antioxidant in vivo even at pharmacological concentrations.

Interactions:
-Melatonin could potentially add to the blood pressure–lowering properties of antihypertensive drugs.
-Patients using insulin should be monitored for changes in blood glucose levels.
-Melatonin might interact with drugs like warfarin, aspirin, or clopidogrel.(antiplatelet)


Melatonin Cancer Relevant Pathways
Rank Pathway / Axis Cancer Cells Normal Cells Label Primary Interpretation Notes
1 Circadian signaling (MT1 / MT2 receptors) ↓ proliferative circadian disruption ↑ circadian synchronization Driver Chronobiology normalization Melatonin restores circadian control; cancer cells lose growth advantages from circadian dysregulation
2 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) ↓ ROS (baseline); context-dependent ↑ stress signaling ↓ ROS (strong buffering) Driver Antioxidant dominance with signaling effects Melatonin is a potent direct and indirect antioxidant; cancer cells may still undergo stress-mediated growth inhibition
3 Mitochondrial function ↓ metabolic flexibility; ↑ apoptosis sensitivity ↑ mitochondrial efficiency Secondary Mitochondrial stabilization vs vulnerability Melatonin improves mitochondrial function in normal cells while limiting metabolic plasticity in cancer cells
4 Estrogen signaling (ERα modulation) ↓ estrogen-driven proliferation ↔ minimal Secondary Hormone-dependent growth suppression Particularly relevant in breast and hormone-responsive cancers
5 NF-κB signaling ↓ inflammatory / survival signaling ↓ inflammatory tone Secondary Anti-inflammatory modulation NF-κB suppression contributes to reduced tumor-promoting inflammation
6 Cell cycle regulation ↓ proliferation / ↑ arrest ↔ spared Phenotypic Cytostatic growth control Growth inhibition reflects upstream circadian and hormonal effects
7 Apoptosis sensitivity ↑ sensitivity to apoptosis (chemo/RT) ↓ apoptosis Phenotypic Therapy sensitization Melatonin enhances response to chemo- and radiotherapy while protecting normal tissue


IL1β, interleukin-1 beta: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
The term "IL-1" is often used as an umbrella term for the interleukin-1 family, which includes multiple cytokines. The two best-known members are IL-1α and IL-1β.
IL-1β is secreted from cells and plays a major systemic role in inflammation. It is a crucial mediator in the inflammatory response and is involved in the fever response, activation of endothelial cells, and leukocyte recruitment.
Its increased expression is commonly linked to:
  – Promotion of a pro-inflammatory microenvironment that supports tumor growth.
  – Enhanced angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis.
  – Recruitment of myeloid cells that may further suppress antitumor immunity.

High expression of either tends to be associated with a more aggressive phenotype and worse prognosis in many cancer types.


Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
1779- MEL,    Therapeutic Potential of Melatonin Counteracting Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity in Breast Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review
- Review, BC, NA
QoL↑, OS↑, Dose∅, antiOx↑, ROS↑, SOD↑, Catalase↑, GPx↑, Risk↓, NK cell↑, IL1β↓, IL6↓, TNF-α↓, radioP↑, chemoP↑, TumVol↓, TumMeta↓, angioG↓, ChemoSen↑, eff↑,
1777- MEL,    Melatonin as an antioxidant: under promises but over delivers
- Review, NA, NA
*ROS↓, *Fenton↓, *antiOx↑, *toxicity∅, *GPx↑, *GSR↑, *GSH↑, *NO↓, *Iron↓, *Copper↓, *IL1β↓, *iNOS↓, *Casp3↓, *BBB↑, *RenoP↑, chemoP↑, *Ca+2↝, eff↑, *PKCδ?, ChemoSen↑, eff↑, Akt↓, DR5↑, selectivity↑, ROS↑, eff↑,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 2 of 2

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 2

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress

antiOx↑, 1,   Catalase↑, 1,   GPx↑, 1,   ROS↑, 2,   SOD↑, 1,  

Cell Death

Akt↓, 1,   DR5↑, 1,  

Migration

TumMeta↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature

angioG↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling

IL1β↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   NK cell↑, 1,   TNF-α↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance

ChemoSen↑, 2,   Dose∅, 1,   eff↑, 4,   selectivity↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers

IL6↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes

chemoP↑, 2,   OS↑, 1,   QoL↑, 1,   radioP↑, 1,   Risk↓, 1,   TumVol↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 24

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress

antiOx↑, 1,   Copper↓, 1,   Fenton↓, 1,   GPx↑, 1,   GSH↑, 1,   GSR↑, 1,   Iron↓, 1,   ROS↓, 1,  

Cell Death

Casp3↓, 1,   iNOS↓, 1,  

Migration

Ca+2↝, 1,   PKCδ?, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature

NO↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport

BBB↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling

IL1β↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes

RenoP↑, 1,   toxicity∅, 1,  
Total Targets: 17

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: IL1β, interleukin-1 beta
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:122  Target#:978  State#:%  Dir#:1
wNotes=0 sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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