Rosmarinic acid / ZO-1 Cancer Research Results

RosA, Rosmarinic acid: Click to Expand ⟱
Features: polyphenol
Polyphenol of many herbs - rosemary, perilla, sage mint and basil. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is predominantly found in a variety of medicinal and culinary herbs, especially those belonging to the Lamiaceae family, including rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), basil (Ocimum basilicum), sage (Salvia officinalis), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), and mints (Mentha spp.). In addition to the Lamiaceae family, RA is also present in plants from other families, such as Boraginaceae and Apiaceae.
-Rosmarinic acid is one of the hydroxycinnamic acids, and was initially isolated and purified from the extract of rosemary, a member of mint family (Lamiaceae)
-Its chemical structure allows it to act as a free radical scavenger by donating hydrogen atoms to stabilize ROS and free radicals.
RA’s dual nature as both a phenolic acid and a flavonoid-related compound enables it to chelate metal ions and prevent the formation of free radicals, thus interrupting oxidative chain reactions. It can modulate the activity of enzymes involved in OS, such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), underscoring its potential role in preventing oxidative damage at the cellular level.
-divided as rosemary extract, carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid?

Summary:
-Capacity to chelate transition metal ions, particularly ironChelator (Fe2+) and copper (Cu2+)
-RA plus Cu(II)-induced oxidative DNA damage, which causes ROS
-rosmarinic acid (RA) as a potential inhibitor of MARK4↓ (inhibiting to tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis) activity (IC50 = 6.204 µM)

-Note half-life 1.5–2 hours.
BioAv water-soluble, rapid absorbtion
Pathways:
- varying results of ROS up or down in cancer cells. Plus a report of lowering ROS and no effect on Tumor cell viability.
However always seems to lower ROS↓ in normal cells.
- ROS↑ related: MMP↓(ΔΨm), ER Stress↑, UPR↑, Cyt‑c↑, Caspases↑, DNA damage↑, cl-PARP↑, HSP↓,
- No indication of Lowering AntiOxidant defense in Cancer Cells:
- Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells:(and perhaps even in cancer cells) ROS↓, NRF2↑***, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑,
- lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, p38↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : NLRP3↓, IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓, IL-8↓
- inhibit Growth/Metastases : TumMeta↓, TumCG↓, EMT↓, MMPs↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, VEGF↓, ROCK1↓, RhoA↓, NF-κB↓, ERK↓, MARK4↓
- reactivate genes thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth(weak) : HDAC2↓, DNMTs↓weak, P53↑, HSP↓,
- cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓, cyclin E↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓,
- inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, ERK↓, EMT↓,
- inhibits glycolysis /Warburg Effect and ATP depletion : HIF-1α↓??, LDHA↓, PFKs↓, GRP78↑, GlucoseCon↓
- inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓, EGFR↓,
- inhibits Cancer Stem Cells (few references) : CSC↓, Hh↓, GLi1↓,
- Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, STAT↓, AMPK, ERK↓, JNK,
- Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioSensitizer, RadioProtective, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Cognitive, Renoprotection, Hepatoprotective, CardioProtective,

- Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells

Rank Pathway / Axis Cancer Cells Normal Cells Label Primary Interpretation Notes
1 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) ↓ ROS (dominant antioxidant effect) ↓ ROS Driver Antioxidant / redox buffering Rosmarinic acid is a strong phenolic antioxidant; cancer effects are largely redox-modulatory rather than cytotoxic
2 NF-κB signaling ↓ NF-κB activation ↓ inflammatory NF-κB tone Secondary Suppression of inflammatory survival signaling NF-κB inhibition explains anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and chemopreventive effects
3 MAPK signaling (ERK / JNK / p38) ↓ ERK; ↑ JNK/p38 (context-dependent) ↔ minimal Secondary Stress-modulated signaling MAPK modulation reflects redox-sensitive signaling rather than direct kinase inhibition
4 Cell cycle regulation ↑ G0/G1 arrest (mild) ↔ spared Phenotypic Cytostatic growth control Growth inhibition is modest and non-cytotoxic in most models
5 Apoptosis ↑ apoptosis (weak / context-dependent) ↓ apoptosis Phenotypic Threshold-dependent cell death Apoptosis is not a dominant mechanism and usually requires high doses or co-stress
6 NRF2 antioxidant response ↑ NRF2 (adaptive) ↑ NRF2 (protective) Adaptive Antioxidant gene induction NRF2 activation reflects reinforcement of antioxidant capacity


ZO-1, Zonula occludens-1: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1) is a protein that plays a crucial role in the formation and maintenance of tight junctions in epithelial cells. Tight junctions are essential for maintaining the integrity of epithelial barriers and regulating the passage of ions and molecules across the cell membrane.

In the context of cancer, ZO-1 has been implicated in several ways:

1.Loss of ZO-1 expression: Reduced or lost expression observed in various types of cancer.
2.Disruption of tight junctions: Cancer cells often exhibit disrupted tight junctions, which can lead to increased permeability and the loss of epithelial barrier function. ZO-1 is a key component of tight junctions, and its disruption can contribute to the development and progression of cancer.
3.Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT): ZO-1 has been shown to play a role in regulating EMT, a process by which epithelial cells acquire a mesenchymal phenotype. EMT is a key event in the development of cancer metastasis, and ZO-1's role in regulating this process is an area of active research.
4.Tumor suppressor function: ZO-1 has been proposed to have tumor suppressor functions, and its loss or downregulation can contribute to the development of cancer. ZO-1's tumor suppressor functions may be related to its ability to regulate cell growth, apoptosis, and cell migration.

ZO-1 generally acts as a tumor suppressor by maintaining epithelial integrity. In many cancers, downregulation or mislocalization of ZO-1 is observed and is associated with a poorer prognosis due to the facilitation of EMT and metastasis.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
3025- RosA,    Rosmarinic acid alleviates intestinal inflammatory damage and inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress and smooth muscle contraction abnormalities in intestinal tissues by regulating gut microbiota
- in-vivo, IBD, NA
*GutMicro↑, *ROCK1↓, *Rho↓, *CaMKII ↓, *Zeb1↓, *ZO-1↓, *E-cadherin↓, *IL1β↓, *IL6↓, *TNF-α↓, *GRP78/BiP↓, *PERK↓, *IRE1↓, *ATF6↓, *CHOP↓, *Casp12↓, *Casp9↓, *BAX↓, *Casp3↓, *Cyt‑c↓, *RIP1↓, *MLKL↓, *IL10↑, *Bcl-2↑, *ER Stress↓,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 1 of 1

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 1

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Total Targets: 0

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Cell Death ⓘ

BAX↓, 1,   Bcl-2↑, 1,   Casp12↓, 1,   Casp3↓, 1,   Casp9↓, 1,   Cyt‑c↓, 1,   MLKL↓, 1,   RIP1↓, 1,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction ⓘ

CaMKII ↓, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

ATF6↓, 1,   CHOP↓, 1,   ER Stress↓, 1,   GRP78/BiP↓, 1,   IRE1↓, 1,   PERK↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

E-cadherin↓, 1,   Rho↓, 1,   ROCK1↓, 1,   Zeb1↓, 1,   ZO-1↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

IL10↑, 1,   IL1β↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

GutMicro↑, 1,   IL6↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 26

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: ZO-1, Zonula occludens-1
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:142  Target#:674  State#:%  Dir#:1
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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