| Features: Anti-oxidant, anti-tumor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thymoquinone is a bioactive compound found in the seeds of Nigella sativa, commonly known as black seed or black cumin. Pathways: -Cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, ROS generation in cancer cells -inhibit the activation of NF-κB, Suppress the PI3K/Akt signaling cascade -Inhibit angiogenic factors such as VEGF, MMPs -Inhibit HDACs, UHRF1, and DNMTs -Note half-life 3-6hrs. BioAv low oral bioavailability due to its lipophilic nature. Note refridgeration of Black seed oil improves the stability of TQ. DIY: ~1 part lecithin : 2–3 parts black seed oil : 4–5 parts warm water. (chat ai) Pathways: - usually induce ROS production in Cancer cells, and lowers ROS in normal cells - ROS↑ related: MMP↓(ΔΨm), ER Stress↑, GRP78↑, Cyt‑c↑, Caspases↑, DNA damage↑, cl-PARP↑, HSP↓, Prx, - May Low AntiOxidant defense in Cancer Cells: NRF2↓(usually contrary), GSH↓ HO1↓(contrary), GPx↓ - Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: ROS↓, NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑, - lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, p38↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : NLRP3↓, IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓, IL-8↓ - inhibit Growth/Metastases : TumMeta↓, TumCG↓, EMT↓, MMPs↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, VEGF↓, FAK↓, NF-κB↓, CXCR4↓, TGF-β↓, ERK↓ - reactivate genes thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth : HDAC↓, DNMTs↓, EZH2↓, P53↑, HSP↓, Sp proteins↓, TET↑ - cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓, cyclin E↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓, - inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, TNF-α↓, FAK↓, ERK↓, EMT↓, - inhibits glycolysis /Warburg Effect and ATP depletion : HIF-1α↓, PKM2↓, cMyc↓, GLUT1↓, LDH↓, LDHA↓, HK2↓, PDKs↓, GRP78↑, GlucoseCon↓ - inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓, Notch↓, EGFR↓, Integrins↓, - Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, JAK↓, STAT↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin↓, AMPK, α↓, ERK↓, JNK, - Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioSensitizer, RadioProtective, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Cognitive, Renoprotection, Hepatoprotective, CardioProtective, - Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells
|
| Source: CGL-CS |
| Type: |
| Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a group of proteins involved in transmitting signals from the cell surface to the nucleus, playing a crucial role in various cellular processes, including growth, differentiation, and apoptosis (programmed cell death). MAPK Pathways: The MAPK family includes several pathways, the most notable being: 1.ERK (Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase): Often associated with cell proliferation and survival. 2.JNK (c-Jun N-terminal Kinase): Typically involved in stress responses and apoptosis. 3.p38 MAPK: Associated with inflammatory responses and apoptosis. Inhibitors: Targeting the MAPK pathway has become a strategy in cancer therapy. For example, BRAF inhibitors (like vemurafenib) are used in treating melanoma with BRAF mutations. Altered Expression Levels: Overexpression: Many cancers exhibit overexpression of MAPK pathway components, such as RAS, BRAF, and MEK. This overexpression can lead to increased signaling activity, promoting cell proliferation and survival. Downregulation: In some cases, negative regulators of the MAPK pathway (e.g., MAPK phosphatases) may be downregulated, leading to enhanced MAPK signaling. The expression levels of MAPK pathway components can serve as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response. For example, high levels of phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) may indicate active MAPK signaling and poor prognosis in certain cancers. Numerous reports indicate that the MAPK pathway plays a major role in tumor progression and invasion, while inhibition of MAPK signaling reduces invasion. |
| 3398- | TQ, | 5-FU, | Impact of thymoquinone on the Nrf2/HO-1 and MAPK/NF-κB axis in mitigating 5-fluorouracil-induced acute kidney injury in vivo |
| - | in-vivo, | Nor, | NA |
| 3423- | TQ, | Epigenetic role of thymoquinone: impact on cellular mechanism and cancer therapeutics |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1935- | TQ, | Potential anticancer properties and mechanisms of thymoquinone in osteosarcoma and bone metastasis |
| - | Review, | OS, | NA |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:% IllCat:% CanType:% Cells:% prod#:162 Target#:181 State#:% Dir#:1
wNotes=0 sortOrder:rid,rpid