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| Doxorubicin, (brand name Adriamycin) is a chemotherapy medication used to treat breast cancer, bladder cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma, and acute lymphocytic leukemia. Often used together with other chemotherapy agents. Given by injection into a vein. Doxorubicin is an anthracycline chemotherapy whose core anticancer activity is driven by DNA intercalation and topoisomerase II poisoning (DNA double-strand break stress), with additional contributions from redox cycling/iron-linked oxidative injury in some contexts. Its major clinical limitations are myelosuppression and cumulative dose–dependent cardiomyopathy, plus severe tissue injury if extravasated (leaks outside the vein). -Cumulative cardiomyopathy risk is real and dose-dependent; labels note higher risk at higher cumulative doses (often cited around >550 mg/m², with lower limits in higher-risk patients). -Mechanism split: tumor kill is primarily Topo II + DNA damage, while cardiotoxicity is strongly linked to TOP2β/mitochondrial pathways (redox/iron biology remains discussed, but not the only story). -Administration hazard: extravasation can cause severe local injury;
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| Destruction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, which is widely regarded as one of the earliest events in the process of cell apoptosis. Mitochondria are organelles within eukaryotic cells that produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main energy molecule used by the cell. For this reason, the mitochondrion is sometimes referred to as “the powerhouse of the cell”. Mitochondria produce ATP through process of cellular respiration—specifically, aerobic respiration, which requires oxygen. The citric acid cycle, or Krebs cycle, takes place in the mitochondria. The mitochondrial membrane potential is widely used in assessing mitochondrial function as it relates to the mitochondrial capacity of ATP generation by oxidative phosphorylation. The mitochondrial membrane potential is a reliable indicator of mitochondrial health. In cancer cells, ΔΨm is often decreased, which can lead to changes in cellular metabolism, increased glycolysis, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and altered cell death pathways. The membrane of malignant mitochondria is hyperpolarized (−220 mV) in comparison to their healthy counterparts (−160 mV), which facilitates the penetration of positively charged molecules to the cancer cells mitochondria. The MMP is a critical indicator of mitochondrial function, directly reflecting the organelle's capacity to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. |
| 5248- | Ba, | BA, | doxoR, | Baicalin and Baicalein Enhance Cytotoxicity, Proapoptotic Activity, and Genotoxicity of Doxorubicin and Docetaxel in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HUVECs |
| 89- | QC, | doxoR, | Quercetin reverses the doxorubicin resistance of prostate cancer cells by downregulating the expression of c-met |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | PC3 |
| 2129- | TQ, | doxoR, | Thymoquinone up-regulates PTEN expression and induces apoptosis in doxorubicin-resistant human breast cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 |
| 1931- | TQ, | doxoR, | Thymoquinone enhances the anticancer activity of doxorubicin against adult T-cell leukemia in vitro and in vivo through ROS-dependent mechanisms |
| - | in-vivo, | AML, | NA |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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