Chemotherapy / TUNEL Cancer Research Results

Chemo, Chemotherapy: Click to Expand ⟱
Features: treatment category
Chemotherapy is a treatment approach that uses drugs to target and kill rapidly dividing cells, primarily cancer cells. However, because many normal cells also divide quickly (such as those in the bone marrow, digestive tract, and hair follicles), chemotherapy can also affect these cells, leading to a range of side effects.

Main Classes of Chemotherapy Agents and Examples
Alkylating Agents:
-work by adding alkyl groups to DNA, which interferes with the DNA’s structure and prevents replication.
Examples: Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide, Melphalan, Chlorambucil, Busulfan.

Anti-metabolites:
-interfere with DNA and RNA synthesis by substituting for the normal building blocks of nucleic acids.
Examples: Methotrexate, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), Cytarabine, Gemcitabine, 6-Mercaptopurine.

Anti-microtubule Agents:
-interfere with the structures that separate chromosomes during cell division (mitosis). Examples: Paclitaxel, Docetaxel, Vincristine, Vinblastine.

Topoisomerase Inhibitors:
-target the enzymes topoisomerase I and II, which control the changes in DNA structure required for replication.
Examples: Etoposide (topoisomerase II inhibitor), Irinotecan (topoisomerase I inhibitor), Topotecan.

Cytotoxic Antibiotics:
-intercalate into DNA, inhibiting the replication of cancer cells.
Examples: Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin, Bleomycin, Mitoxantrone.

Platinum-Based Agents:
-contain platinum and cause cross-linking of DNA, which interferes with DNA repair and replication. Examples: Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Oxaliplatin.

Many chemotherapy agents exert their effects, at least in part, by inducing oxidative stress in cancer cells. They can increase ROS levels through several mechanisms:
-Direct generation of free radicals.
-Disruption of mitochondrial function, leading to increased production of ROS.
-Interference with the cell’s antioxidant systems.

-May want to avoid antioxidants 7 days bef
ore and 7 days after chemo.
Examples: NAC, Glutathione, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin E
-anti-oxidants known to have pro-oxidant effects (like Quercetin, Curcumin, etc.) should not be taken 2-3 days before and after chemo
-pro-oxidants known to bring good benefit to chemo can be continued during chemo. Examples are: Omega 3, Aremisia Annua, Silver NanoParticles.
TUNEL, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelin: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
The TUNEL (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) assay is widely used to detect DNA fragmentation associated with apoptosis. Rather than being a gene or protein whose expression is regulated, TUNEL is a methodological marker that reveals the extent of apoptosis within tumor tissues.

TUNEL positivity is highly influenced by treatment. High apoptosis after chemotherapy or radiotherapy is generally viewed as a positive indicator of treatment effectiveness, whereas high basal apoptosis in untreated tumors can sometimes be associated with high tumor turnover and aggressiveness.
Comprehensive analysis (often combining TUNEL with proliferation markers such as Ki-67) is needed for accurate prognostication.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
7492- H2,  Chemo,    Molecular Hydrogen Protects against Various Tissue Injuries from Side Effects of Anticancer Drugs by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
- Review, Var, NA
*ROS↓, *antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *chemoP↑, AntiCan↑, ChemoSen↑, chemoP↑, *BUN↓, *creat↓, *TUNEL↓, *MDA↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *NRF2↑, *BNP↓, *AST↓, *ALAT↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *IL6↓, *Casp3↓, *Casp9↓, *GPx↑, *E-cadherin↑, *Vim↓, *α-SMA↓, *COL1↓, *cardioP↑, *hepatoP↑, *p‑mTOR↓, *EMT↓, eff∅, *LPS↓, *TLR4↓, radioP↑,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 1 of 1

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 1

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

ChemoSen↑, 1,   eff∅, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 1,   chemoP↑, 1,   radioP↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 5

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

antiOx↑, 1,   Catalase↑, 1,   GPx↑, 1,   MDA↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 1,   ROS↓, 1,   SOD↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   BUN↓, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Casp3↓, 1,   Casp9↓, 1,   TUNEL↓, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

EMT↓, 1,   p‑mTOR↓, 1,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

COL1↓, 1,   E-cadherin↑, 1,   Vim↓, 1,   α-SMA↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

IL1β↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 1,   LPS↓, 1,   TLR4↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 1,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors(tgid=20) ⓘ

BNP↓, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   AST↓, 1,   creat↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

cardioP↑, 1,   chemoP↑, 1,   hepatoP↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 32

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: TUNEL, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelin
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:233  Target#:1095  State#:%  Dir#:1
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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