Salvia officinalis / MAPK Cancer Research Results

Sage, Salvia officinalis: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Salvia officinalis(common sage) has been studied for its potential therapeutic effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anticancer properties.

Salvia officinalis — AD relevance: Sage has human clinical signals for cognition/AD, plausibly via cholinesterase inhibition plus anti-inflammatory/antioxidant support. Essential-oil chemotype matters for safety (thujone exposure).

Primary mechanisms (conceptual rank):
1) ↑ Cholinergic tone (AChE/BChE inhibition; symptomatic cognitive support)AChE ↓ → ACh ↑ (symptomatic cognitive enhancement)
2) ↓ Neuroinflammation (NF-κB/cytokine tone; model-supported)
3) ↓ Oxidative stress (↓ ROS/lipid peroxidation; stress-defense support)
4) Secondary network/synaptic efficiency effects (chronic adaptation)

Bioavailability / PK relevance: Oral leaf extracts used in trials; effects are typically over weeks–months. Avoid equating leaf extract with essential oil dosing due to thujone-associated neurotoxicity risk.

Clinical evidence status: Small double-blind RCT in mild–moderate AD (extract vs placebo) and additional placebo-controlled cognitive studies in non-AD populations; evidence is supportive but not definitive/disease-modifying.

-Sage contains compounds (e.g., rosmarinic acid, luteolin, carnosic acid) that inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE).This enhances acetylcholine levels, supporting memory and cognition — similar to drugs like donepezil.
-High in phenolic compounds (e.g., flavonoids, diterpenes) that scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS).

-High doses of thujone (a compound in some sage oils) may be neurotoxic or hepatotoxic.

Salvia officinalis — AD / Neurodegeneration Pathway Map

RankPathway / AxisCellsTSFPrimary EffectNotes / Interpretation
1 AChE ↓ → ACh ↑ (cholinergic synapse) ACh ↑ (via AChE inhibition) P/R Improved synaptic cholinergic transmission Extract inhibits acetylcholinesterase → reduced ACh breakdown → increased synaptic ACh. Symptomatic mechanism analogous to donepezil-class drugs.
2Neuroinflammation (NF-κB / cytokines) ↓R/G Reduced inflammatory stress Extracts show anti-inflammatory signaling in cell/biochemical models; relevance to AD progression is supportive.
3ROS / lipid peroxidation ↓P/R Oxidative burden reduction Phenolics/diterpenes contribute to antioxidant effects; typically requires sustained intake for tissue adaptation.
4NRF2 antioxidant-response program ↔ / ↑ (context-dependent)R/G Stress-defense regulation Consider as a supportive axis; not always directly measured in human cognition trials.
5Ca²⁺ excitotoxicity interplay ↔P/R Not primary More relevant to essential-oil neurotoxicity discussions than leaf-extract cognition trials; include only with explicit Ca²⁺ endpoints.
6Aβ / tau-associated pathology ↔ (limited human evidence)G Not established clinically Any anti-amyloid/tau claims are largely preclinical; avoid over-weighting without biomarker-confirmed replication.
7Clinical Translation Constraint ↓ (constraint)— Safety + product variability Essential oil/thujone can be pro-convulsant; regulators specify limits for thujone exposure in herbal products. Extract standardization and duration (weeks–months) matter.

TSF legend: P: 0–30 min; R: 30 min–3 hr; G: >3 hr
MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase: Click to Expand ⟱
Source: CGL-CS
Type:
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a group of proteins involved in transmitting signals from the cell surface to the nucleus, playing a crucial role in various cellular processes, including growth, differentiation, and apoptosis (programmed cell death).

MAPK Pathways: The MAPK family includes several pathways, the most notable being:
1.ERK (Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase): Often associated with cell proliferation and survival.
2.JNK (c-Jun N-terminal Kinase): Typically involved in stress responses and apoptosis.
3.p38 MAPK: Associated with inflammatory responses and apoptosis.

Inhibitors: Targeting the MAPK pathway has become a strategy in cancer therapy. For example, BRAF inhibitors (like vemurafenib) are used in treating melanoma with BRAF mutations.
Altered Expression Levels:
Overexpression: Many cancers exhibit overexpression of MAPK pathway components, such as RAS, BRAF, and MEK. This overexpression can lead to increased signaling activity, promoting cell proliferation and survival.
Downregulation: In some cases, negative regulators of the MAPK pathway (e.g., MAPK phosphatases) may be downregulated, leading to enhanced MAPK signaling.
The expression levels of MAPK pathway components can serve as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response. For example, high levels of phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) may indicate active MAPK signaling and poor prognosis in certain cancers.

Numerous reports indicate that the MAPK pathway plays a major role in tumor progression and invasion, while inhibition of MAPK signaling reduces invasion.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
3639- Sage,    Pharmacological properties of Salvia officinalis and its components
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Var, NA
AntiCan↑, *Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *cognitive↑, *memory↑, *LDL↓, TumCG↓, MAPK↓, ROS↓, NF-kB↓, COX2↓, angioG↓, *AST↓, *ALAT?,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 1 of 1

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 1

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

ROS↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

MAPK↓, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

TumCG↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX2↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 7

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

ALAT?, 1,   LDL↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

Inflam↓, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

ALAT?, 1,   AST↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

cognitive↑, 1,   memory↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 8

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:338  Target#:181  State#:%  Dir#:1
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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