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| Oleocanthal is essentially found ONLY in: Fresh, unrefined extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) It is part of the pungent, throat-stinging phenolic fraction that disappears in refined oils. Oleuropein (OLEU) — a secoiridoid polyphenol from olive leaf and olive fruit/extra-virgin olive oil; major in-vivo related phenolic is hydroxytyrosol (via hydrolysis/metabolism). Sources: olive leaf extract (standardized to oleuropein), EVOO phenolics. Primary mechanisms (conceptual rank): Bioavailability / PK relevance: Human data show absorption/metabolism after oral olive leaf extract; circulating forms are largely metabolites (and hydroxytyrosol-related), with limited free parent compound exposure. :contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0} In-vitro vs oral exposure: Many direct “anticancer” cytotoxic effects occur at micromolar concentrations that may exceed typical systemic exposure from supplements/foods (high concentration only for direct tumor cytotoxicity in many models). :contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1} Clinical evidence status: Nutraceutical/food bioactive with human data mainly for cardiometabolic/inflammation endpoints; oncology evidence largely preclinical/adjunct-hypothesis (no oncology approval). Also available as a supplement usually labeled as Olive Leaf Extract. (20-50% concentrations)- commonly used in CSC (Cancer Stem Cell) research. Main CSC mechanisms: -Inhibits Wnt/β-catenin — a core CSC survival pathway -↓ALDH (Reduces ALDH-high CSC subpopulations) -downregulates stemness geens: SOX2/OCT4/Nanog → reduced sphere formation/self-renewal. Oleuropein — Cancer vs Normal Cell Pathway Map
TSF legend: P: 0–30 min; R: 30 min–3 hr; G: >3 hr Oleuropein — AD relevance: Oleuropein/olive leaf phenolics show neuroprotection in models via oxidative- and heat-shock/proteostasis stress responses, with reported reduction of Aβ and tau proteotoxicity in preclinical systems; human AD disease-modifying evidence is not established. Primary mechanisms (conceptual rank): Bioavailability / PK relevance: Human absorption/metabolism supports systemic exposure mainly as metabolites; brain relevance likely chronic/adaptive. :contentReference[oaicite:9]{index=9} Clinical evidence status: Predominantly preclinical for AD mechanisms; limited AD-specific clinical endpoint evidence. Oleuropein — AD / Neurodegeneration Pathway Map
TSF legend: P: 0–30 min; R: 30 min–3 hr; G: >3 hr |
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| P65, also known as RelA, is a subunit of the NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) transcription factor complex. NF-κB plays a crucial role in regulating immune response, inflammation, and cell survival. Due to its role in cancer progression, p65 and the NF-κB pathway are considered potential therapeutic targets. Inhibitors of NF-κB signaling are being explored in preclinical and clinical studies as potential cancer treatments. Many studies have reported that p65 is overexpressed in various types of cancers, including breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal cancers. In some cancers, elevated p65 levels correlate with higher grades of tumors and advanced stages of disease. "RELA proto-oncogene, NF-κB subunit." It encodes the p65 protein, which is a central component of the NF‑κB transcription factor complex. -Chronic activation of RELA and the NF‑κB pathway is frequently associated with cancer progression, promoting inflammation-driven tumorigenesis, chemoresistance, and metastasis. -RELA interacts with other oncogenic signaling networks (for example, STAT3 and MAPK pathways), further integrating environmental signals that favor cancer progression. RELA (p65) is a critical subunit of the NF‑κB transcription factor complex, involved in the regulation of genes that control inflammation, cell survival, and proliferation. In the context of cancer, aberrant activation and overexpression of RELA are frequently associated with aggressive tumor behavior, therapy resistance, and poorer patient outcomes in cancers such as breast, lung, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers, among others. RELA emerges as a potential key contributor to the suppression of glycolysis, mitochondrial respiration, and ATP production in cancer cells. (RELA knockdown signifcantly reduced the tumorigenic. potential of various pancreatic cancer cell lines). |
| 4643- | OLE, | HT, | Use of Oleuropein and Hydroxytyrosol for Cancer Prevention and Treatment: Considerations about How Bioavailability and Metabolism Impact Their Adoption in Clinical Routine |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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