Berberine / Inflam Cancer Research Results

BBR, Berberine: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:

Berberine — Berberine is a protoberberine/isoquinoline alkaloid natural product found in plants such as Coptis, Berberis, and Phellodendron. It is a small-molecule phytochemical with pleiotropic metabolic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer signaling effects rather than a single highly selective target profile. Its standard abbreviation is BBR. In oncology it is best classified as a multitarget natural-product lead compound and adjunct-sensitizer candidate, with strong preclinical evidence but no established standard anticancer regulatory use. Its translational profile is shaped by very low conventional oral bioavailability, extensive first-pass metabolism, broad tissue distribution, and substantial context dependence between cancer-cell pro-death effects and normal-cell cytoprotective redox effects.

Primary mechanisms (ranked):

  1. AMPK-centered metabolic stress with mitochondrial dysfunction, ATP depletion, and apoptosis/autophagy induction
  2. Suppression of aerobic glycolysis and hypoxia signaling, including HIF-1α, GLUT1, HK2, LDHA, and PKM2-linked tumor metabolism
  3. Anti-proliferative cell-cycle control with cyclin/CDK suppression and tumor suppressor reactivation
  4. Inhibition of PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK, JAK/STAT, and NF-κB inflammatory-survival signaling
  5. Anti-metastatic and anti-EMT activity via Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β/Smad, FAK/RhoA/ROCK, MMPs, and CXCR4-related programs
  6. Pro-oxidant mitochondrial ROS elevation and ER-stress/caspase signaling in many cancer models, with opposite antioxidant/NRF2-supportive effects in some normal-cell and non-cancer settings
  7. Context-dependent chemosensitization and radiosensitization, including effects on hypoxia signaling and DNA-repair competence
  8. Emerging ferroptosis-related activity in some tumor models, but not a universal dominant mechanism across berberine biology

Bioavailability / PK relevance: Conventional oral berberine has poor systemic bioavailability, often cited as below 1% in animal studies, because of limited absorption, P-glycoprotein efflux, first-pass intestinal/hepatic metabolism, and self-aggregation. Human exposure is usually in the low ng/mL plasma range with conventional dosing, while multiple metabolites may contribute to activity. Tissue distribution can exceed plasma levels, but PK remains a major clinical translation constraint.

In-vitro vs systemic exposure relevance: Many anticancer in-vitro studies use roughly 10–100 µM, commonly around 20–50 µM, which usually exceeds readily achievable conventional plasma exposure after standard oral dosing. Therefore, direct translation of cell-culture potency to systemic monotherapy expectations is limited unless local gut exposure, tissue accumulation, metabolite contribution, formulation enhancement, or combination use is specifically relevant.

Clinical evidence status: Strong preclinical and mechanistic evidence; limited early human oncology/chemoprevention evidence; no established phase III anticancer efficacy standard and no mainstream regulatory approval as an anticancer drug. Current clinical relevance is best viewed as investigational and adjunct-oriented rather than proven standalone oncology therapy.

Berberine is a chemical found in some plants like European barberry, goldenseal, goldthread, Oregon grape, phellodendron, and tree turmeric. Berberine is a bitter-tasting and yellow-colored chemical.
Coptis (commonly referring to Coptidis Rhizoma, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb) contains bioactive alkaloids (most notably berberine and coptisine) that have been studied for their pharmacological effects—including their influence on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and related pathways.

– Berberine is known for its relatively low oral bioavailability, often cited at less than 1%. This low bioavailability is mainly due to poor intestinal absorption and active efflux by transport proteins such as P-glycoprotein.
– Despite the low bioavailability, berberine is still pharmacologically active, and its metabolites may also contribute to its overall effects.

• Effective Dosage in Studies
– Many clinical trials or preclinical studies use dosages in the range of 500 to 1500 mg per day, typically administered in divided doses.
– Therefore, to obtain a bioactive dose of berberine, supplementation in a standardized extract form is necessary.

-IC50 in cancer cell lines: Approximately 10–100 µM (commonly around 20–50 µM in many models)
-IC50 in normal cell lines: Generally higher (often above 100 µM), although this can vary with cell type
- In vivo studies: Dosing regimens in animal models generally range from about 50 to 200 mg/kg
- very effective AChE inhibitor (Alzheimers)
- Berberine may enhance the effects of blood-thinning medications like warfarin and aspirin.


-Note half-life reports vary 2.5-90hrs?.
-low solubility of apigenin in water : BioAv
Pathways:
- induce ROS production
- ROS↑ related: MMP↓(ΔΨm), ER Stress↑, Ca+2↑, Cyt‑c↑, Caspases↑, DNA damage↑, UPR↑, cl-PARP↑, HSP↓
- Lowers AntiOxidant defense in Cancer Cells: NRF2↓, GSH↓
- Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑,
- lowers Inflam">Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, p38↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓, IL-8↓
- PI3K/AKT(Inhibition), JAK/STATs, Wnt/β-catenin, AMPK, MAPK/ERK, and JNK.
- inhibit Growth/Metastases : , MMPs↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, IGF-1↓, uPA↓, VEGF↓, ROCK1↓, FAK↓, RhoA↓, NF-κB↓, CXCR4↓, TGF-β↓, α-SMA↓, ERK↓
- reactivate genes thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth : HDAC↓, DNMT1↓, EZH2↓, P53↑, HSP↓
- cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓, cyclin E↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓,
- inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, FAK↓, ERK↓,
- inhibits glycolysis /Warburg Effect and ATP depletion : HIF-1α↓, PKM2↓, cMyc↓, GLUT1↓, LDH↓, LDHA↓, HK2↓, PFKs↓, PDKs↓, Glucose↓, GlucoseCon↓
- inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓, Notch↓, FGF↓, PDGF↓, EGFR↓, Integrins↓,
- inhibits Cancer Stem Cells : CSC↓, Hh↓, GLi1↓, CD133↓, β-catenin↓, n-myc↓, sox2↓, notch2↓, nestin↓, OCT4↓,
- Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, JAK↓, STAT↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin↓, AMPK↓, α↓, ERK↓, JNK,
- Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioSensitizer, RadioProtective, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Cognitive, Renoprotection, Hepatoprotective, CardioProtective,
- Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells

Rank Pathway / Target Axis Direction Primary Effect Notes / Cancer Relevance Ref
1 AMPK → mTOR axis ↑ AMPK / ↓ mTOR signaling Metabolic stress + growth suppression In vivo/in vitro colon tumorigenesis model: berberine activates AMPK, inhibits mTOR signaling and reduces proliferation/tumorigenesis, growth suppression, autophagy, HIF-1α ↓, glycolysis ↓, berberine’s known mitochondrial/energetic effects (ref)
2 Mitochondrial dysfunction / ROS generation ↑ ROS / mitochondrial stress Upstream metabolic trigger Berberine inhibits mitochondrial function, increases ROS, and contributes to AMPK activation and downstream apoptosis (ref)
3 Mitochondrial apoptosis (cytochrome c release) ↑ cytochrome c release Intrinsic death signaling Oral cancer model: berberine reduces mitochondrial membrane potential, releases cytochrome c, activates caspase-3 (ref)
4 Intrinsic apoptosis (caspase-3 activation) ↑ caspase-3 activation Programmed cell death Same oral cancer study documents caspase-3 activation as a key execution marker (ref)
5 NF-κB signaling (p65 activation) ↓ NF-κB activation Reduced pro-survival transcription Colon cancer model reports inhibition of p65 phosphorylation; interpreted as secondary to metabolic/redox stress (ref)
6 Cell cycle control ↑ G1 arrest Proliferation blockade Prostate cancer model: berberine induces G1-phase cell cycle arrest and caspase-3–dependent apoptosis (ref)
7 Hypoxia / glycolysis signaling (HIF-1α) ↓ HIF-1α protein Warburg / glycolysis suppression Berberine suppresses mTOR and reduces HIF-1α protein expression downstream of AMPK activation (ref)
8 Angiogenesis signaling (HIF-1α → VEGF axis) ↓ VEGF signaling Reduced vascular support Lung cancer study: berberine suppresses VEGF signaling alongside HIF-1α inhibition (ref)
9 PI3K–AKT–mTOR signaling ↓ PI3K / AKT / mTOR Survival pathway suppression Gastric cancer paper: berberine represses PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and improves chemosensitivity (ref)
10 Migration / invasion programs ↓ migration & invasion Anti-metastatic phenotype Tongue SCC model: berberine suppresses migration and invasion with associated signaling changes (ref)
11 Telomerase (hTERT) / immortalization axis ↓ hTERT-related signaling Reduced proliferative capacity Lung cancer study includes AP-2/hTERT regulatory axis modulation by berberine (ref)
12 In vivo tumor suppression ↓ tumorigenesis Demonstrated anti-tumor effect Colon tumorigenesis model confirms reduced proliferation and tumor burden with berberine (ref)


Inflam, inflammation: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
Cancer and inflammation are closely linked, with chronic inflammation contributing to the development and progression of cancer. Various inflammatory mediators and cells are involved in this process.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
2701- BBR,    Berberine Inhibits KLF4 Promoter Methylation and Ferroptosis to Ameliorate Diabetic Nephropathy in Mice
- in-vivo, Diabetic, NA
*Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *Ferroptosis↓, *RenoP↑, *DNMT1↓, *DNMTs↓, *KLF4↑,
2692- BBR,    Berberine affects osteosarcoma via downregulating the caspase-1/IL-1β signaling axis
- in-vitro, OS, MG63 - in-vitro, OS, SaOS2 - in-vivo, NA, NA
Casp1↓, IL1β↓, TumCG↓, Dose↝, Apoptosis↑, Inflam↓,
2690- BBR,    Berberine Differentially Modulates the Activities of ERK, p38 MAPK, and JNK to Suppress Th17 and Th1 T Cell Differentiation in Type 1 Diabetic Mice
- in-vivo, Diabetic, NA
*Inflam↓, *Th17↓, *Th1 response↓, *ERK↑, *p38↓, *JNK↓, *STAT1↓, *STAT4↓, *MAPK↓,
2686- BBR,    Effects of resveratrol, curcumin, berberine and other nutraceuticals on aging, cancer development, cancer stem cells and microRNAs
- Review, Nor, NA
Inflam↓, IL6↓, MCP1↓, COX2↓, PGE2↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, DNAdam↑, eff↝, Telomerase↓, Bcl-2↓, AMPK↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, ATP↓, p‑mTORC1↓, p‑S6K↓, ERK↓, PI3K↓, PTEN↑, Akt↓, Raf↓, MEK↓, Dose↓, Dose↑, selectivity↑, TumCCA↑, eff↑, EGFR↓, Glycolysis↓, Dose?, p27↑, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, cycE/CCNE↓, Bax:Bcl2↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, VEGFR2↓, ChemoSen↑, eff↑, eff↑, PGE2↓, JAK2↓, STAT3↓, CXCR4↓, CCR7↓, uPA↓, CSCs↓, EMT↓, Diff↓, CD133↓, Nestin↓, n-MYC↓, NOTCH↓, SOX2↓, Hif1a↓, VEGF↓, RadioS↑,
4275- BBR,    Pharmacological effects of berberine on mood disorders
- Review, NA, NA
*antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *hepatoP↑, *eff↑, *5HT↑, *Mood↑, *BDNF↑,
5176- BBR,    Berberine regulates AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathways and inhibits colon tumorigenesis in mice
- vitro+vivo, CRC, HCT116 - in-vitro, CRC, SW480 - in-vitro, CRC, LoVo
TumVol↓, Ki-67↓, COX2↓, AMPK↑, mTOR↓, NF-kB↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, survivin↓, P53↑, cl‑Casp3↑, TumCP↓, Inflam↓, COX2↓, ACC↑,
4299- BBR,    Berberine attenuates cognitive impairment and ameliorates tau hyperphosphorylation by limiting the self-perpetuating pathogenic cycle between NF-κB signaling, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*memory↑, *p‑tau↓, *NF-kB↓, *GSH↑, *lipid-P↓, *cognitive↑, *ROS↓, *Inflam↓,
3684- BBR,    Neuroprotective effects of berberine in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review of pre-clinical studies
- Review, AD, NA
*Inflam↓, *antiOx↓, *AChE↓, *BChE↓, *MAOA↓, *MAOB↓, *lipid-P↓, *GSH↑, *ROS↓, *APP↓, *BACE↓, *p‑tau↓, *NF-kB↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *MAPK↓, *PI3K↓, *Akt↓, *neuroP↑, *memory↑,
3681- BBR,    The efficacy and mechanism of berberine in improving aging-related cognitive dysfunction: A study based on network pharmacology
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*memory↑, *cognitive↑, MAPK↑, *Akt↑, *PI3K↑, *TP53↑, *Jun↓, *HSP90↑, *neuroP↑, *Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *p16↓, *ER Stress↓,
3680- BBR,    Network pharmacology reveals that Berberine may function against Alzheimer’s disease via the AKT signaling pathway
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*Akt↑, *neuroP↑, *p‑ERK↑, *Aβ↓, *Inflam↓, *ROS↓, *BioAv↑, *BBB↑, *Half-Life↝, *memory↑, *cognitive↑, *HSP90↑, *APP↓, *mTOR↓, *P70S6K↓, *CD31↑, *VEGF↑, *N-cadherin↑, *Apoptosis↓,
3679- BBR,    Berberine alleviates Alzheimer's disease by activating autophagy and inhibiting ferroptosis through the JNK-p38MAPK signaling pathway
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*Beclin-1↑, *LC3B↑, *p62↓, *ROS↓, *lipid-P↓, *MDA↓, *Ferroptosis↓, *TfR1/CD71↓, *FTH1↑, *memory↑, *JNK↓, *p38↓, *Aβ↓, *Inflam↓,
3678- BBR,    Network pharmacology study on the mechanism of berberine in Alzheimer’s disease model
- Review, AD, NA
*APP↓, *PPARγ↑, *NF-kB↓, *Aβ↓, *cognitive↑, *antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *Apoptosis↓, *BioAv↑, *BioAv↝, *BBB↑, *motorD↑, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *ROS↓, *p‑Akt↑, *p‑ERK↑,
2678- BBR,    Berberine as a Potential Agent for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer
- Review, CRC, NA
*Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *cardioP↑, *neuroP↑, TumCCA↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, cycE/CCNE↓, CDC2↓, AMPK↝, mTOR↝, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, Cyt‑c↑, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, EMT↓, MMPs↓, E-cadherin↓, Telomerase↓, *toxicity↓, GRP78/BiP↓, EGFR↓, CDK4↓, COX2↓, PGE2↓, p‑JAK2↓, p‑STAT3↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, GutMicro↑, eff↝, *BioAv↓, BioAv↑,
2677- BBR,    Liposome-Encapsulated Berberine Alleviates Liver Injury in Type 2 Diabetes via Promoting AMPK/mTOR-Mediated Autophagy and Reducing ER Stress: Morphometric and Immunohistochemical Scoring
- in-vivo, Diabetic, NA
*hepatoP↑, *LC3II↑, *Beclin-1↑, *AMPK↑, *mTOR↑, *ER Stress↓, *CHOP↓, *JNK↓, *ROS↓, *Inflam↓, *BG↓, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *Catalase↑, *IL10↑, *IL6↓, *TNF-α↓, *ALAT↓, *AST↓, *ALP↓,
2675- BBR,    The therapeutic effects of berberine against different diseases: A review on the involvement of the endoplasmic reticulum stress
- Review, Var, NA
*Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *ER Stress↓, *cardioP↑, *RenoP↑, *hepatoP↑,
2674- BBR,    Berberine: A novel therapeutic strategy for cancer
- Review, Var, NA - Review, IBD, NA
Inflam↓, AntiCan↑, Apoptosis↑, TumAuto↑, TumCCA↑, TumMeta↓, TumCI↓, eff↑, eff↑, CD4+↓, TNF-α↓, IL1↓, BioAv↓, BioAv↓, other↓, AMPK↑, MAPK↓, NF-kB↓, IL6↓, MCP1↓, PGE2↓, COX2↓, *ROS↓, *antiOx↑, *GPx↑, *Catalase↑, AntiTum↑, TumCP↓, angioG↓, Fas↑, FasL↑, ROS↑, ATM↑, P53↑, RB1↑, Casp9↑, Casp8↑, Casp3↓, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓, IAP1↓, XIAP↓, survivin↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, CycB/CCNB1↓, CDC25↓, CDC25↓, Cyt‑c↑, MMP↓, RenoP↑, mTOR↓, MDM2↓, LC3II↑, ERK↓, COX2↓, MMP3↓, TGF-β↓, EMT↑, ROCK1↓, FAK↓, RAS↓, Rho↓, NF-kB↓, uPA↓, MMP1↓, MMP13↓, ChemoSen↑,
2670- BBR,    Berberine: A Review of its Pharmacokinetics Properties and Therapeutic Potentials in Diverse Vascular Diseases
- Review, Var, NA
*Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *Ca+2↓, *BioAv↓, *BioAv↑, *BioAv↑, *angioG↑, *MAPK↓, *AMPK↓, *NF-kB↓, VEGF↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, MMP2↓, Bcl-2↓, ERK↓,
2021- BBR,    Berberine: An Important Emphasis on Its Anticancer Effects through Modulation of Various Cell Signaling Pathways
- Review, NA, NA
*antiOx?, *Inflam↓, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, BAX↑, eff↑, VEGF↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, Telomerase↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, Wnt↓, EGFR↓, AP-1↓, NF-kB↓, COX2↑, NRF2↓, RadioS↑, STAT3↓, ERK↓, AR↓, ROS↑, eff↑, selectivity↑, selectivity↑, BioAv↓, DNMT1↓, cMyc↓,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 18 of 18

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 18

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

NRF2↓, 1,   ROS↑, 3,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

ATP↓, 1,   CDC2↓, 1,   CDC25↓, 2,   MEK↓, 1,   MMP↓, 2,   Raf↓, 1,   XIAP↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

ACC↑, 1,   AMPK↑, 3,   AMPK↝, 1,   cMyc↓, 1,   Glycolysis↓, 1,   p‑S6K↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 3,   Apoptosis↑, 3,   BAX↑, 2,   Bax:Bcl2↑, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 3,   Bcl-xL↓, 1,   Casp1↓, 1,   Casp3↓, 1,   Casp3↑, 1,   cl‑Casp3↑, 1,   Casp8↑, 2,   Casp9↑, 3,   Cyt‑c↑, 2,   Fas↑, 1,   FasL↑, 1,   IAP1↓, 1,   MAPK↓, 1,   MAPK↑, 1,   MDM2↓, 1,   p27↑, 1,   survivin↓, 2,   Telomerase↓, 3,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

other↓, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

GRP78/BiP↓, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

LC3II↑, 1,   TumAuto↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

ATM↑, 1,   DNAdam↑, 1,   DNMT1↓, 1,   P53↑, 2,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

CDK2↓, 1,   CDK4↓, 2,   CycB/CCNB1↓, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 3,   cycE/CCNE↓, 2,   RB1↑, 1,   TumCCA↑, 4,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

CD133↓, 1,   CSCs↓, 1,   Diff↓, 1,   EMT↓, 2,   EMT↑, 1,   ERK↓, 4,   mTOR↓, 3,   mTOR↝, 1,   p‑mTORC1↓, 1,   n-MYC↓, 1,   Nestin↓, 1,   NOTCH↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 3,   PTEN↑, 1,   RAS↓, 1,   SOX2↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 2,   p‑STAT3↓, 1,   TumCG↓, 1,   Wnt↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

AP-1↓, 1,   E-cadherin↓, 1,   FAK↓, 1,   Ki-67↓, 1,   MMP1↓, 1,   MMP13↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 4,   MMP3↓, 1,   MMP9↓, 3,   MMPs↓, 1,   Rho↓, 1,   ROCK1↓, 1,   TGF-β↓, 1,   TumCI↓, 2,   TumCMig↓, 1,   TumCP↓, 2,   TumMeta↓, 1,   uPA↓, 2,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 1,   EGFR↓, 3,   Hif1a↓, 1,   VEGF↓, 3,   VEGFR2↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

CCR7↓, 1,   CD4+↓, 1,   COX2↓, 6,   COX2↑, 1,   CXCR4↓, 1,   IL1↓, 1,   IL1β↓, 1,   IL6↓, 2,   Inflam↓, 4,   JAK2↓, 1,   p‑JAK2↓, 1,   MCP1↓, 2,   NF-kB↓, 4,   PGE2↓, 4,   TNF-α↓, 1,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors ⓘ

AR↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 3,   BioAv↑, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 2,   Dose?, 1,   Dose↓, 1,   Dose↑, 1,   Dose↝, 1,   eff↑, 7,   eff↝, 2,   RadioS↑, 2,   selectivity↑, 3,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

AR↓, 1,   EGFR↓, 3,   GutMicro↑, 1,   IL6↓, 2,   Ki-67↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 1,   AntiTum↑, 1,   RenoP↑, 1,   TumVol↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 132

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx?, 1,   antiOx↓, 1,   antiOx↑, 8,   Catalase↑, 2,   Ferroptosis↓, 2,   GPx↑, 2,   GSH↑, 2,   HO-1↑, 1,   lipid-P↓, 3,   MDA↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 1,   ROS↓, 7,   SOD↑, 1,  

Metal & Cofactor Biology ⓘ

FTH1↑, 1,   TfR1/CD71↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   AMPK↓, 1,   AMPK↑, 1,   PPARγ↑, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 1,   Akt↑, 2,   p‑Akt↑, 1,   Apoptosis↓, 2,   Ferroptosis↓, 2,   JNK↓, 3,   MAPK↓, 3,   p38↓, 2,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

CHOP↓, 1,   ER Stress↓, 3,   HSP90↑, 2,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

Beclin-1↑, 2,   LC3B↑, 1,   LC3II↑, 1,   p62↓, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

DNMT1↓, 1,   DNMTs↓, 1,   p16↓, 1,   TP53↑, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

ERK↑, 1,   p‑ERK↑, 2,   Jun↓, 1,   KLF4↑, 1,   mTOR↓, 1,   mTOR↑, 1,   P70S6K↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 1,   PI3K↑, 1,   STAT1↓, 1,   STAT4↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

APP↓, 3,   Ca+2↓, 1,   CD31↑, 1,   N-cadherin↑, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↑, 1,   VEGF↑, 1,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

BBB↑, 2,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

IL10↑, 1,   IL1β↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 14,   NF-kB↓, 4,   Th1 response↓, 1,   Th17↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 2,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission ⓘ

5HT↑, 1,   AChE↓, 1,   BChE↓, 1,   BDNF↑, 1,   MAOA↓, 1,   p‑tau↓, 2,  

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

Aβ↓, 3,   BACE↓, 1,   MAOB↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 2,   BioAv↑, 4,   BioAv↝, 1,   eff↑, 1,   Half-Life↝, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   ALP↓, 1,   AST↓, 1,   BG↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   TP53↑, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

cardioP↑, 2,   cognitive↑, 4,   hepatoP↑, 3,   memory↑, 5,   Mood↑, 1,   motorD↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 4,   RenoP↑, 2,   toxicity↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 93

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: Inflam, inflammation
18 Berberine
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:41  Target#:953  State#:%  Dir#:1
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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