Isoliquiritigenin / ROS Cancer Research Results

ISL, Isoliquiritigenin: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:

ISL is a distinct natural chalcone, chemically identified as 2′,4′,4-trihydroxychalcone, found particularly in licorice species such as Glycyrrhiza spp.ISL has substantial preclinical evidence involving anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, metabolic, and neuroprotective effects. Reported anticancer actions include inhibition of proliferation, angiogenesis, EMT, invasion, and metastasis, with induction of apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, autophagy, or ferroptosis depending on the model. Frequently reported pathways include PI3K/AKT/mTOR, NF-κB, STAT3, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, Nrf2, and Src signalling.

Isoliquiritigenin — isoliquiritigenin (ISL; 2′,4′,4-trihydroxychalcone) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic chalcone found particularly in licorice roots from Glycyrrhiza species. It is formally classified as a flavonoid-family chalcone rather than an isoflavone. ISL is a pleiotropic experimental bioactive compound with anticancer, anti-inflammatory, metabolic, antioxidant/pro-oxidant, and neuroprotective activities. Anticancer effects are strongly model- and concentration-dependent, and clinically relevant systemic exposure to unconjugated ISL is substantially more limited than the micromolar concentrations commonly used in cell culture. ISL also has weak phytoestrogenic activity and can interact with estrogen receptors.

Primary mechanisms (ranked):

  1. Suppression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR survival and growth signalling, with associated apoptosis, autophagy, cell-cycle arrest, and inhibition of metabolic reprogramming.
  2. Mitochondrial apoptosis through ↑ Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, mitochondrial dysfunction, cytochrome-c release, and caspase activation.
  3. Suppression of JAK/STAT signalling, particularly JAK2/STAT3, reducing survival, proliferation, inflammatory signalling, and treatment resistance.
  4. ROS-dependent cytotoxic signalling in several cancer models, including ROS-mediated inhibition of p38/mTOR/STAT3 and activation of mitochondrial apoptosis.
  5. Suppression of NF-κB-mediated inflammatory and prosurvival signalling.
  6. Inhibition of EMT, invasion, and metastasis through pathways including PI3K/AKT, β-catenin, MMPs, Snail-family transcription factors, and restoration of E-cadherin.
  7. Suppression of tumor lipid synthesis and metabolic adaptation through AMPK activation with inhibition of SREBF1/FASN and, in colorectal cancer, FGFR4-associated lipid metabolism.
  8. Modulation of arachidonic-acid/eicosanoid signalling, including inhibition of COX-2, mPGES-1, and CYP4A11 in selected tumor models.
  9. NRF2 modulation is context-dependent: NRF2 activation can provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protection in non-malignant/neural models, whereas suppression of NRF2 antioxidant defence has been reported as a mechanism of radiosensitization in some cancer models.
  10. Weak estrogen-receptor agonist/SERM-like activity; low concentrations may stimulate ER-responsive cells under some conditions, making this a relevant mechanistic and safety consideration rather than a uniformly anticancer effect.

Bioavailability / PK relevance: Oral ISL undergoes substantial intestinal absorption barriers and rapid phase-II metabolism, particularly glucuronidation. Animal studies report oral bioavailability of roughly 20–34%, but circulating parent ISL is transient and extensively converted to conjugated metabolites. Human pharmacokinetic studies of licorice-containing Kampo preparations confirm detectable ISL exposure but at levels substantially below many experimental cancer-cell concentrations. Low aqueous solubility and rapid metabolism have driven development of nanoparticles, micelles, SMEDDS, and structural derivatives to improve exposure.

In-vitro vs systemic exposure relevance: Many anticancer experiments use approximately 10–100+ µM ISL, whereas parent-compound concentrations achieved after conventional oral botanical exposure are generally much lower because of rapid intestinal glucuronidation and systemic metabolism. Consequently, direct translation of high-micromolar in-vitro cytotoxicity to oral supplementation is poor. Some lower-concentration receptor, enzyme, inflammatory, and metabolic effects may be more pharmacologically plausible.

Clinical evidence status: Preclinical. Extensive cell-culture and multiple animal xenograft studies support anticancer activity, but ISL itself is not an established cancer treatment and there is no convincing randomized human anticancer efficacy evidence. Human studies primarily provide pharmacokinetic information from multi-component licorice/Kampo preparations rather than therapeutic evaluation of purified ISL. Drug-interaction potential involving CYP and UGT enzymes and weak estrogenic activity warrant caution.

Isoliquiritigenin Cancer-Relevant Mechanisms

Rank Pathway / Axis Cancer Cells Normal Cells Primary Effect Notes / Interpretation
1 PI3K / AKT / mTOR ↓ PI3K, ↓ p-AKT, ↓ mTOR signalling ↔ / context-dependent ↓ survival and proliferation; ↑ apoptosis/autophagy One of the most consistently implicated anticancer signalling axes; demonstrated in colorectal, gastric, breast, and other tumor models.
2 Mitochondrial apoptosis ↑ Bax, ↓ Bcl-2, ↑ cytochrome c, ↑ caspase-9/3/7, ↑ PARP cleavage Generally less cytotoxic at comparable lower exposures ↑ intrinsic apoptosis Frequently accompanies ROS accumulation and suppression of survival signalling.
3 JAK2 / STAT3 ↓ JAK2/STAT3 signalling ↔ / context-dependent ↓ proliferation and survival; ↑ apoptosis Supported in multiple tumor contexts and implicated in combination activity with chemotherapy.
4 ROS-mediated cancer stress ↑ ROS (model-dependent) ↓ oxidative stress or ↔ (context-dependent) ↑ mitochondrial injury and apoptosis ISL can function as a pro-oxidant in malignant cells while exerting antioxidant effects in inflammatory or neural models.
5 NF-κB inflammatory survival signalling ↓ NF-κB activation ↓ pathological NF-κB activation ↓ inflammatory survival signalling Contributes to antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-invasive, and neuroprotective effects.
6 AMPK / SREBF1 lipid synthesis ↑ AMPK, ↓ SREBF1, ↓ lipogenic enzymes Context-dependent ↓ fatty-acid synthesis and tumor growth Directly demonstrated in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma; consistent with metabolic stress induced by reduced ATP.
7 FGFR4 / FASN lipid metabolism ↓ FGFR4, ↓ FASN, ↓ PI3K/AKT Not established ↓ proliferation, migration, and lipid synthesis Recent colorectal-cancer evidence links FGFR4 suppression to inhibition of fatty-acid metabolic reprogramming.
8 EMT and metastatic phenotype ↑ E-cadherin; ↓ N-cadherin, vimentin, Snail-related signalling and MMP activity ↔ / context-dependent ↓ migration, invasion, and metastasis Observed across several tumor models; mechanisms intersect PI3K/AKT, NF-κB, STAT3, and β-catenin.
9 Cell-cycle regulation ↓ cyclins/CDKs; ↑ p21/p27 in selected models Mixed ↑ G1/S or G2/M arrest Exact arrest point varies with cell type and dose.
10 COX-2 / mPGES-1 / CYP4A11 ↓ enzymatic activity and downstream Akt/angiogenic signalling Potential anti-inflammatory activity ↓ eicosanoid-dependent angiogenesis Direct target engagement has been demonstrated in glioma models; reported enzyme inhibition is typically micromolar.
11 Angiogenic signalling ↓ VEGF-associated signalling ↓ stimulated endothelial angiogenic responses ↓ tumor angiogenesis Mechanistically plausible across several studies, although an influential older VEGF/VEGFR2 paper received an Expression of Concern in 2026 and should not be used as sole evidence.
12 NRF2 antioxidant response ↓ NRF2 in some radiosensitization models; otherwise mixed ↑ NRF2 under oxidative/inflammatory stress Context-dependent redox modulation Direction differs substantially by disease context. NRF2 activation is neuroprotective, whereas reduced NRF2 defence may increase cancer-cell oxidative sensitivity.
13 Radiosensitization ↑ radiosensitivity (model-dependent) Not established ↑ radiation-induced tumor damage Reported through modulation of Keap1/NRF2 and antioxidant capacity; remains preclinical.
14 Chemosensitization ↑ response to selected agents (model-dependent) Not established Potential combination therapy Recent lung-cancer work reports enhanced gemcitabine activity associated with suppression of JAK2/STAT3 signalling.
15 Estrogen receptor signalling ↑ ERα and ERβ transcriptional activity at some concentrations ↑ weak estrogenic signalling Mixed proliferative or antiproliferative effects Important caveat: low/intermediate ISL concentrations have stimulated proliferation of ER-positive MCF-7 cells, while higher concentrations become cytotoxic. ISL should not be treated as uniformly anti-estrogenic.
16 Clinical Translation Constraint High-micromolar effects often exceed expected parent-compound systemic exposure Potential CYP and UGT interactions Limits direct clinical translation Poor aqueous solubility, rapid glucuronidation, short parent-compound exposure, phytoestrogenicity, and absence of cancer efficacy trials are major constraints.


Alzheimer’s disease relevance: ISL has meaningful but still preclinical AD relevance. In Aβ42-stimulated microglia, it activates NRF2 while suppressing NF-κB, inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide, and oxidative injury, indirectly protecting neuronal cells. More recent mouse evidence reports improved cognition together with reduced tau phosphorylation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuronal loss, and synaptic impairment. Evidence remains limited to cellular and animal models; there is no established human AD therapeutic evidence.

Primary AD mechanisms (ranked):

  1. Activation of NRF2 antioxidant defence with suppression of Aβ-associated oxidative stress.
  2. Suppression of NF-κB-driven microglial neuroinflammation and inflammatory cytokine production.
  3. Reduction of pathological tau phosphorylation in experimental AD models.
  4. Protection of mitochondrial function and cellular ATP homeostasis.
  5. Preservation of neuronal and synaptic markers with improvement of cognition in a mouse model.

Isoliquiritigenin Alzheimer’s-Relevant Mechanisms

Rank Pathway / Axis Modulation Primary Effect Notes / Interpretation
1 NRF2 antioxidant response ↑ NRF2 ↓ oxidative stress Demonstrated in Aβ oligomer-stimulated microglial models.
2 NF-κB neuroinflammation ↓ NF-κB ↓ inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide Reduces Aβ-induced microglial inflammatory activation.
3 Tau phosphorylation ↓ pathological tau phosphorylation Potential reduction of tau-associated neuronal dysfunction Reported at Ser396 and Thr231 in a streptozotocin-induced mouse model.
4 Mitochondrial homeostasis ↑ mitochondrial functional preservation ↓ mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative injury Associated with changes in DRP1, Mfn1, Mfn2, ATP, and ROS in experimental AD.
5 Synaptic integrity ↑ PSD95 and SNAP25 preservation ↓ synaptic impairment Preclinical mouse evidence only.
6 Clinical Translation Constraint No established human efficacy Limits therapeutic interpretation Evidence consists primarily of cell and animal studies; CNS exposure of pharmacologically active unconjugated ISL in humans remains insufficiently defined.


ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species: Click to Expand ⟱
Source: HalifaxProj (inhibit)
Type:
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules that contain oxygen and can lead to oxidative stress in cells. They play a dual role in cancer biology, acting as both promoters and suppressors of cancer.
ROS can cause oxidative damage to DNA, leading to mutations that may contribute to cancer initiation and progression. So normally you want to inhibit ROS to prevent cell mutations.
However excessive ROS can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells, potentially limiting tumor growth. Chemotherapy typically raises ROS.
-mitochondria is the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (and the ETC is heavily related)
ROS Homeostasis in Cancer Cells and Its Potential as a Therapeutic Target

"Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are two electron reduction products of oxygen, including superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, lipid peroxides, protein peroxides and peroxides formed in nucleic acids 1. They are maintained in a dynamic balance by a series of reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions in biological systems and act as signaling molecules to drive cellular regulatory pathways."
"During different stages of cancer formation, abnormal ROS levels play paradoxical roles in cell growth and death 8. A physiological concentration of ROS that maintained in equilibrium is necessary for normal cell survival. Ectopic ROS accumulation promotes cell proliferation and consequently induces malignant transformation of normal cells by initiating pathological conversion of physiological signaling networks. Excessive ROS levels lead to cell death by damaging cellular components, including proteins, lipid bilayers, and chromosomes. Therefore, both scavenging abnormally elevated ROS to prevent early neoplasia and facilitating ROS production to specifically kill cancer cells are promising anticancer therapeutic strategies, in spite of their contradictoriness and complexity."
"ROS are the collection of derivatives of molecular oxygen that occur in biology, which can be categorized into two types, free radicals and non-radical species. The non-radical species are hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2 ), organic hydroperoxides (ROOH), singlet molecular oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), electronically excited carbonyl, ozone (O3 ), hypochlorous acid (HOCl, and hypobromous acid HOBr). Free radical species are super-oxide anion radical (O 2•−), hydroxyl radical (•OH), peroxyl radical (ROO•) and alkoxyl radical (RO•) [130]. Any imbalance of ROS can lead to adverse effects. H2 O 2 and O 2 •− are the main redox signalling agents. The cellular concentration of H2 O 2 is about 10−8 M, which is almost a thousand times more than that of O2 •−".
"Radicals are molecules with an odd number of electrons in the outer shell [393,394]. A pair of radicals can be formed by breaking a chemical bond or electron transfer between two molecules."

Recent investigations have documented that polyphenols with good antioxidant activity may exhibit pro-oxidant activity in the presence of copper ions, which can induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines but not in normal cells. "We have shown that such cell growth inhibition by polyphenols in cancer cells is reversed by copper-specific sequestering agent neocuproine to a significant extent whereas iron and zinc chelators are relatively ineffective, thus confirming the role of endogenous copper in the cytotoxic action of polyphenols against cancer cells. Therefore, this mechanism of mobilization of endogenous copper." > Ions could be one of the important mechanisms for the cytotoxic action of plant polyphenols against cancer cells and is possibly a common mechanism for all plant polyphenols. In fact, similar results obtained with four different polyphenolic compounds in this study, namely apigenin, luteolin, EGCG, and resveratrol, strengthen this idea.
Interestingly, the normal breast epithelial MCF10A cells have earlier been shown to possess no detectable copper as opposed to breast cancer cells [24], which may explain their resistance to polyphenols apigenin- and luteolin-induced growth inhibition as observed here (Fig. 1). We have earlier proposed [25] that this preferential cytotoxicity of plant polyphenols toward cancer cells is explained by the observation made several years earlier, which showed that copper levels in cancer cells are significantly elevated in various malignancies. Thus, because of higher intracellular copper levels in cancer cells, it may be predicted that the cytotoxic concentrations of polyphenols required would be lower in these cells as compared to normal cells."

Majority of ROS are produced as a by-product of oxidative phosphorylation, high levels of ROS are detected in almost all cancers.
-It is well established that during ER stress, cytosolic calcium released from the ER is taken up by the mitochondrion to stimulate ROS overgeneration and the release of cytochrome c, both of which lead to apoptosis.

Note: Products that may raise ROS can be found using this database, by:
Filtering on the target of ROS, and selecting the Effect Direction of ↑

Targets to raise ROS (to kill cancer cells):
• NADPH oxidases (NOX): NOX enzymes are involved in the production of ROS.
    -Targeting NOX enzymes can increase ROS levels and induce cancer cell death.
    -eNOX2 inhibition leads to a high NADH/NAD⁺ ratio which can lead to increased ROS
• Mitochondrial complex I: Inhibiting can increase ROS production
• P53: Activating p53 can increase ROS levels(by inducing the expression of pro-oxidant genes)
• Nrf2 inhibition: regulates the expression of antioxidant genes. Inhibiting Nrf2 can increase ROS levels
• Glutathione (GSH): an antioxidant. Depleting GSH can increase ROS levels
• Catalase: Catalase converts H2O2 into H2O+O. Inhibiting catalase can increase ROS levels
• SOD1: converts superoxide into hydrogen peroxide. Inhibiting SOD1 can increase ROS levels
• PI3K/AKT pathway: regulates cell survival and metabolism. Inhibiting can increase ROS levels
• HIF-1α inhibition: regulates genes involved in metabolism and angiogenesis. Inhibiting HIF-1α can increase ROS
• Glycolysis: Inhibiting glycolysis can increase ROS levels • Fatty acid oxidation: Cancer cells often rely on fatty acid oxidation for energy production.
-Inhibiting fatty acid oxidation can increase ROS levels
• ER stress: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can increase ROS levels
• Autophagy: process by which cells recycle damaged organelles and proteins.
-Inhibiting autophagy can increase ROS levels and induce cancer cell death.
• KEAP1/Nrf2 pathway: regulates the expression of antioxidant genes.
    -Inhibiting KEAP1 or activating Nrf2 can increase ROS levels and induce cancer cell death.
• DJ-1: regulates the expression of antioxidant genes. Inhibiting DJ-1 can increase ROS levels
• PARK2: regulates the expression of antioxidant genes. Inhibiting PARK2 can increase ROS levels
• SIRT1 inhibition:regulates the expression of antioxidant genes. Inhibiting SIRT1 can increase ROS levels
• AMPK activation: regulates energy metabolism and can increase ROS levels when activated.
• mTOR inhibition: regulates cell growth and metabolism. Inhibiting mTOR can increase ROS levels
• HSP90 inhibition: regulates protein folding and can increase ROS levels when inhibited.
• Proteasome: degrades damaged proteins. Inhibiting the proteasome can increase ROS levels
• Lipid peroxidation: a process by which lipids are oxidized, leading to the production of ROS.
    -Increasing lipid peroxidation can increase ROS levels
• Ferroptosis: form of cell death that is regulated by iron and lipid peroxidation.
    -Increasing ferroptosis can increase ROS levels
• Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP): regulates mitochondrial permeability.
    -Opening the mPTP can increase ROS levels
• BCL-2 family proteins: regulate apoptosis and can increase ROS levels when inhibited.
• Caspase-independent cell death: a form of cell death that is regulated by ROS.
    -Increasing caspase-independent cell death can increase ROS levels
• DNA damage response: regulates the repair of DNA damage. Increasing DNA damage can increase ROS
• Epigenetic regulation: process by which gene expression is regulated.
    -Increasing epigenetic regulation can increase ROS levels

-PKM2, but not PKM1, can be inhibited by direct oxidation of cysteine 358 as an adaptive response to increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS)

ProOxidant Strategy:(inhibit the Mevalonate Pathway (likely will also inhibit GPx)
-HydroxyCitrate (HCA) found as supplement online and typically used in a dose of about 1.5g/day or more
-Atorvastatin typically 40-80mg/day, -Dipyridamole typically 200mg 2x/day Combined effect research
-Lycopene typically 100mg/day range (note debatable as it mainly lowers NRF2)

Dual Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and their Application in Cancer Therapy 
ROS-Inducing Interventions in Cancer — Canonical + Mechanistic Reference
-generated from AI and Cancer database
ROS rating:  +++ strong | ++ moderate | + weak | ± mixed | 0 none
NRF2:        ↓ suppressed | ↑ activated | ± mixed | 0 none
Conditions:  [D] dose  [Fe] metal  [M] metabolic  [O₂] oxygen
             [L] light [F] formulation [T] tumor-type [C] combination




Item ROS↑ NRF2 Condition Mechanism Class Remarks 



ROS">Piperlongumine
+++ ↓ [D][T] ROS-dominant






ROS">Shikonin
+++↓/±[D][T]ROS-dominant






ROS">Vitamin K3 (menadione)
+++↓[D]ROS-dominant






ROS">Copper (ionic / nano)
+++↓[Fe][F]ROS-dominant






ROS">Sodium Selenite
+++↓[D]ROS-dominant






ROS">Juglone
+++↓[D]ROS-dominant






ROS">Auranofin
+++↓[D]ROS-dominant






ROS">Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
+++0[L][O₂]ROS-dominant






ROS">Radiotherapy / Radiation
+++0[O₂]ROS-dominant






ROS">Doxorubicin
+++↓[D]ROS-dominant






ROS">Cisplatin
++↓[D][T]ROS-dominant






ROS">Salinomycin
++↓[D][T]ROS-dominant






ROS">Artemisinin / DHA
++↓[Fe][T]ROS-dominant






ROS">Sulfasalazine
++↓[C][T]ROS-dominant






ROS">FMD / fasting
++↓[M][C][O₂]ROS-dominant






ROS">Vitamin C (pharmacologic)
++↓[Fe][D]ROS-dominant






ROS">Silver nanoparticles
++±[F][D]ROS-dominant






ROS">Gambogic acid
++↓[D][T]ROS-dominant






ROS">Parthenolide
++↓[D][T]ROS-dominant






ROS">Plumbagin
++↓[D]ROS-dominant






ROS">Allicin
++↓[D]ROS-dominant






ROS">Ashwagandha (Withaferin A)
++↓[D][T]ROS-dominant






ROS">Berberine
++↓[D][M]ROS-dominant






ROS">PEITC
++↓[D][C]ROS-dominant






ROS">Methionine restriction
+↓[M][C][T]ROS-secondary






ROS">DCA
+±[M][T]ROS-secondary






ROS">Capsaicin
+±[D][T]ROS-secondary






ROS">Galloflavin
+0[D]ROS-secondary






ROS">Piperine
+±[D][F]ROS-secondary






ROS">Propyl gallate
+↓[D]ROS-secondary






ROS">Scoulerine
+?[D][T]ROS-secondary






ROS">Thymoquinone
±±[D][T]Dual redox






ROS">Emodin
±±[D][T]Dual redox






ROS">Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA)
±↑[D][M]NRF2-dominant






ROS">Curcumin
±↑/↓[D][F]NRF2-dominant






ROS">EGCG
±↑/↓[D][O₂]NRF2-dominant






ROS">Quercetin
±↑/↓[D][Fe]NRF2-dominant






ROS">Resveratrol
±↑[D][M]NRF2-dominant






ROS">Sulforaphane
±↑↑[D]NRF2-dominant






ROS">Lycopene
0↑—Antioxidant






ROS">Rosmarinic acid
0↑—Antioxidant






ROS">Citrate
00—Neutral


Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
7765- ISL,    Isoliquiritigenin as a modulator of the Nrf2 signaling pathway: potential therapeutic implications
- Review, Var, NA
*antiOx↑, *AntiCan↑, *AntiTum↑, *AntiDiabetic↑, *cardioP↑, *RenoP↑, *NRF2↑, *NQO1↝, *HO-1↑, *SOD↑, *toxicity↓, *BioAv↓, *Half-Life↓, *BBB↑, *neuroP↑, *Stroke↓, *GSK‐3β↓, *p‑GSK‐3β↑, *hepatoP↑, *Inflam↓, *ROS↓, *MPO↓, *MDA↓,
7766- ISL,    Isoliquiritigenin alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1/SLC7a11/GPX4 axis in mice
- in-vivo, Stroke, NA
*ROS↓, *MDA↓, *LDH↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *NRF2↑, *i-Iron↓, *GPx4↑, *xCT/SLC7A11↑, *lipid-P↓, *Ferroptosis↓, *HO-1↑, *ACSL4↓, *mtDam↓, *Stroke↓,
7778- ISL,    Isoliquiritigenin, a potent human monoamine oxidase inhibitor, modulates dopamine D1, D3, and vasopressin V1A receptors
- Study, Park, NA - Study, AD, NA
*neuroP?, TumCP↓, *Inflam↓, *hepatoP↑, angioG↓, *AntiBio↑, *AntiDiabetic↓, *ROS↓, *antiOx↑, *MAOA↓, *MAOB↓,
7779- ISL,    Isoliquiritigenin-mediated miR-23a-3p inhibition activates PGC-1α to alleviate alcoholic liver injury
- in-vivo, Alcohol, NA
*hepatoP↑, *FAM↑, *PGC-1α↑, *PPARα↑, *CPT1A↑, *ACADS/SCAD↑, *ROS↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *IL6↓, *miR-23a-3p↓,
7780- ISL,    Isoliquiritigenin alleviates LPS/ D-GalN-induced acute liver failure by activating the PGC-1α/ Nrf2 pathway to reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory response
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*hepatoP↑, *ROS↓, *PGC-1α↝, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *NQO1↝, *Keap1↝, *GCLC↝, *GCLM↝, *NLRP3↓, *IL1β↓, *IL6↓, *TNF-α↓, *MIP2↓, *Bax:Bcl2↓, *cl‑Casp3↓, *Inflam↓, *Apoptosis↓,
7782- ISL,  BUT,  SCP,    Butein, isoliquiritigenin, and scopoletin attenuate neurodegeneration via antioxidant enzymes and SIRT1/ADAM10 signaling pathway
- in-vitro, AD, SH-SY5Y
*Inflam↓, *AntiBio↑, *antiOx↑, *Apoptosis↓, *ROS↓, *SIRT1↑, *FOXO3↑, *ADAM10↑, *Bcl-2↝, *Catalase↑, *SOD2↑, *neuroP↑, *GSR↑, *GPx↑, *GSH↑,
7747- ISL,    Isoliquiritigenin Induces Apoptosis via ROS-Mediated Inhibition of p38/mTOR/STAT3 Pathway in Human Melanoma Cells
- in-vitro, Melanoma, SK-MEL-28
*Inflam↓, *AntiViral↑, *AntiTum↑, *antiOx↑, cl‑Casp9↑, cl‑Casp7↑, cl‑Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, Cyt‑c↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, survivin↓, ROS↓, eff↓, p‑mTOR↓, p‑STAT3↓, p‑MAPK↓,
7755- ISL,    Isoliquiritigenin attenuated cognitive impairment, cerebral tau phosphorylation and oxidative stress in a streptozotocin-induced mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*memory↑, *p‑T-cadherin↓, *ROS↓, *ATP↑, *p‑DRP1/DNM1L↝, *MFN1↝, *MFN2↝, *neuroP↑, *cognitive↑, *mTOR↓, *ERK↓, *GSK‐3β↑,
7758- ISL,    Targeting the JAK/STAT pathway with isoliquiritigenin in ovarian cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications
- Review, Ovarian, NA
JAK↓, STAT↓, toxicity↓, *antiOx↑, *ROS↓, *NRF2↑, *ARE↑, *HO-1↑, *NQO1↑, *Inflam↓, *NF-kB↓, *MAPK↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *AntiViral↑, *NADPH↑, ROS↓, p38↓, mTOR↓, STAT3↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, survivin↓, p38↑, MAPK↑, mtDam↑, ER Stress↑, ROS↑, Apoptosis↑, GLUT4↓, ATP↓, Glycolysis↓, eff↑,
7759- ISL,  Rad,    Isoliquiritigenin, a Bioactive Blood Component Derived from Licorice, Activates Nrf2 Enzymes to Confer Protection Against Radiation-Induced Nerve Injury
- vitro+vivo, Nor, PC12
*radioP↑, *LDH↓, *ROS↓, *SOD1↑, *GSH↑, *TAC↑, *NRF2↓, *cognitive↑, *Learn↑, *memory↑,
7760- ISL,    Pharmacological Potentials and Delivery Strategies of Isoliquiritigenin: Challenges and Advances in Enhancing Bioavailability
- Review, Nor, NA
*BioAv↓, GlucoseCon↓, LDH↓, PDK1 / PDPK1↓, Glycolysis↓, mt-OXPHOS↓, Bax:Bcl2↓, cl‑Casp3↑, cl‑Casp9↑, Apoptosis↑, Hif1a↓, ROS↑, *AntiDiabetic↑, *cardioP↑, *RenoP↑, *ROS↓, *NF-kB↓, *NLRP3↓, *Pyro↓, *antiPs↑, *IL6↓, *IL8↓, BioAv↑, BioAv↑, BioAv↑,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 11 of 11

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 11

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

mt-OXPHOS↓, 1,   ROS↓, 2,   ROS↑, 2,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

ATP↓, 1,   mtDam↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

GlucoseCon↓, 1,   Glycolysis↓, 2,   LDH↓, 1,   PDK1 / PDPK1↓, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Apoptosis↑, 2,   BAX↑, 1,   Bax:Bcl2↓, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 1,   cl‑Casp3↑, 2,   cl‑Casp7↑, 1,   cl‑Casp9↑, 2,   Cyt‑c↑, 1,   MAPK↑, 1,   p‑MAPK↓, 1,   p38↓, 1,   p38↑, 1,   survivin↓, 2,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress(tgid=8) ⓘ

ER Stress↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

cl‑PARP↑, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ

cycD1/CCND1↓, 3,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

mTOR↓, 1,   p‑mTOR↓, 1,   STAT↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 1,   p‑STAT3↓, 1,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

TumCP↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

angioG↓, 1,   Hif1a↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

GLUT4↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

JAK↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↑, 3,   eff↓, 1,   eff↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

LDH↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

toxicity↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 40

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


NA, unassigned(tgid=0) ⓘ

ACADS/SCAD↑, 1,   AntiBio↑, 2,   FAM↑, 1,   Learn↑, 1,   miR-23a-3p↓, 1,   Stroke↓, 2,  

Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

antiOx↑, 5,   ARE↑, 1,   Catalase↑, 3,   Ferroptosis↓, 1,   GCLC↝, 1,   GCLM↝, 1,   GPx↑, 2,   GPx4↑, 1,   GSH↑, 2,   GSR↑, 1,   HO-1↑, 4,   i-Iron↓, 1,   Keap1↝, 1,   lipid-P↓, 1,   MDA↓, 2,   MFN1↝, 1,   MFN2↝, 1,   MPO↓, 1,   NQO1↑, 1,   NQO1↝, 2,   NRF2↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 4,   ROS↓, 10,   SOD↑, 3,   SOD1↑, 1,   SOD2↑, 1,   TAC↑, 1,   xCT/SLC7A11↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

ATP↑, 1,   p‑DRP1/DNM1L↝, 1,   mtDam↓, 1,   PGC-1α↑, 1,   PGC-1α↝, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

ACSL4↓, 1,   CPT1A↑, 1,   LDH↓, 1,   LDH↑, 1,   NADPH↑, 1,   PPARα↑, 1,   SIRT1↑, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Apoptosis↓, 2,   Bax:Bcl2↓, 1,   Bcl-2↝, 1,   cl‑Casp3↓, 1,   Ferroptosis↓, 1,   MAPK↓, 1,   Pyro↓, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

ERK↓, 1,   FOXO3↑, 1,   GSK‐3β↓, 1,   GSK‐3β↑, 1,   p‑GSK‐3β↑, 1,   mTOR↓, 1,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

p‑T-cadherin↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

BBB↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

IL1β↓, 2,   IL6↓, 3,   IL8↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 6,   MIP2↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 2,   TNF-α↓, 2,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission(tgid=18) ⓘ

ADAM10↑, 1,   MAOA↓, 1,  

Protein Aggregation(tgid=19) ⓘ

MAOB↓, 1,   NLRP3↓, 2,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↓, 2,   Half-Life↓, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

IL6↓, 3,   LDH↓, 1,   LDH↑, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 1,   AntiDiabetic↓, 1,   AntiDiabetic↑, 2,   antiPs↑, 1,   AntiTum↑, 2,   cardioP↑, 2,   cognitive↑, 2,   hepatoP↑, 4,   memory↑, 2,   neuroP?, 1,   neuroP↑, 3,   radioP↑, 1,   RenoP↑, 2,   toxicity↓, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome(tgid=24) ⓘ

AntiViral↑, 2,  
Total Targets: 92

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
11 Isoliquiritigenin
1 Butein
1 Scopoletin
1 Radiotherapy/Radiation
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:425  Target#:275  State#:%  Dir#:1
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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