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| Ferulic acid is an antioxidant found in some skin creams and serums. Foods: popcorn, bamboo, whole-grain rye bread, whole-grain oat flakes, sweet corn (cooked) Ferulic acid (FA) is a hydroxycinnamic acid abundant in plant cell walls (notably cereals/whole grains) with strong antioxidant and cytoprotective activity. Mechanistically, FA is frequently described as inducing Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant programs and suppressing NF-κB-linked inflammation, with additional model-dependent anticancer effects (cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, reduced invasion). Oral exposure is variable because FA is rapidly metabolized (often as conjugates) and bioaccessibility depends on the food matrix. -Ferulic acid found in dietary strand fractions, especially its free form, has important functions for protecting the human health. -AChE inhibitor (AD) -Cooking results in an increase in free ferulic acid quantity and in a reduction in bound ferulic acid quantity. Bamboo shoots 243.6 mg/100g Sugar-beet pulp 800 mg/100g Popcorn 313 mg/100g Wheat bran 500–1500mg/100g Whole wheat flour 100–300mg/100g
Pathway / Target Modulation by FA / Direction Aβ aggregation ↓ Inhibits fibril formation and destabilizes existing Aβ fibrils BACE‑1 & APP ↓ Reduces BACE-1 and APP expression; ↑ MMP‑2/‑9 expression promoting Aβ clearance Tau hyperphosphorylation Implicitly ↓ through modulation of Ca²⁺/CDK5/GSK3β pathways Ca²⁺ ↓ FA lowers STEP levels via chelation of Ca²⁺, suppressing PP2B → restores synaptic plasticity (AChE / BChE) ↓ Inhibition of AChE (FA IC₅₀~15 µM, derivatives IC₅₀ down to 0.006 µM); also BChE (MAO‑A/B) ↓ Inhibits MAO‑B (derivatives IC₅₀ ~0.3–0.7 µM), reducing ROS ROS ↓ Scavenges ROS, enhances antioxidant enzymes (e.g., catalase), ↓ MDA (COX‑2, 5‑LOX, NLRP3) ↓ Derivatives inhibit COX‑2/5‑LOX; derivative 13a ↓ NLRP3 inflammasome Iron/Cu²⁺ chelation ↓ Metal-induced Aβ aggregation via chelation by FA and derivatives Autophagy & Aβ clearance ↗ Suggested promotion of autophagy mechanisms targeting Aβ
Time-Scale Flag (TSF): P / R / G
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| Caspases are a cysteine protease that speed up a chemical reaction via pointing their target substrates following an aspartic acid residue.1 They are grouped into apoptotic (caspase-2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10) and inflammatory (caspase-1, 4, 5, 11 and 12) mediated caspases. Caspase-1 may have both tumorigenic or antitumorigenic effects on cancer development and progression, but it depends on the type of inflammasome, methodology, and cancer. Catalase is an enzyme found in nearly all living cells exposed to oxygen. Its primary role is to protect cells from oxidative damage by catalyzing the conversion of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), a potentially damaging byproduct of metabolism, into water (H₂O) and oxygen (O₂). This detoxification process is crucial because excess H₂O₂ can lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage proteins, lipids, and DNA. Catalase and Cancer Oxidative Stress and Cancer: Cancer cells often experience increased levels of oxidative stress due to rapid proliferation and metabolic changes. This stress can lead to DNA damage, promoting tumorigenesis. Catalase helps mitigate oxidative stress, and its expression can influence the survival and proliferation of cancer cells. Expression Levels in Different Cancers: Overexpression: In some cancers, such as breast cancer and certain types of leukemia, catalase may be overexpressed. This overexpression can help cancer cells survive in oxidative environments, potentially leading to more aggressive tumor behavior. Downregulation: Conversely, in other cancers, such as colorectal cancer, reduced catalase expression has been observed. This downregulation can lead to increased oxidative stress, contributing to tumor progression and metastasis. Prognostic Implications: Survival Rates: Studies have shown that high levels of catalase expression can be associated with poor prognosis in certain cancers, as it may enable cancer cells to resist apoptosis (programmed cell death) induced by oxidative stress. Some types of cancer cells have been reported to exhibit lower catalase activity, possibly increasing their vulnerability to oxidative damage under certain conditions. This vulnerability has even been exploited in some therapeutic strategies (for example, approaches that generate excess H₂O₂ or other ROS specifically targeting cancer cells have been researched). |
| 1656- | FA, | Ferulic Acid: A Natural Phenol That Inhibits Neoplastic Events through Modulation of Oncogenic Signaling |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:% IllCat:% CanType:% Cells:% prod#:77 Target#:46 State#:% Dir#:1
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