Garcinol / VEGF Cancer Research Results

GAR, Garcinol: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Found in dried fruit rind of Garcinia Indica with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial properties
Garcinia Cambogia Extract.
"We conclude that patients who are T-cadherin-positive could especially benefit from a therapy with garcinol."

🔬1) NF-κB & AP-1 Suppression
Garcinol inhibits NF-κB and AP-1 transcriptional activity in multiple cancer cell systems, reducing pro-inflammatory and pro-survival gene expression.
📚 2) Epigenetic Regulation
Garcinol is one of the few natural products shown to inhibit p300/CBP histone acetyltransferases, shifting chromatin acetylation and influencing gene expression (differentiation, apoptosis, EMT). This is more specific than general “HDAC modulation.”
💀 3) Apoptosis
Studies report modulation of the Bcl-2 family and increased caspase activity, but this is often downstream of transcription/epigenetic changes, not a direct redox trigger.
🧬 4) Cell Cycle & Proliferation
Lower Cyclin D1, higher p21/p27, and G1/S arrest are common phenotypes.
🧭 5) Invasion & Angiogenesis
Garcinol reduces MMP-2/9 and angiogenic markers in multiple tumor cell assays.

Rank Pathway / Axis Cancer Cells Normal Cells TSF Primary Effect Notes / Interpretation
1 NF-κB / AP-1 signaling NF-κB ↓; AP-1 ↓; downstream pro-survival/inflammatory outputs ↓ ↔ or anti-inflammatory modulation in immune cells R, G Pro-survival & inflammatory transcription suppression Garcinol is reported to inhibit NF-κB and AP-1 transcriptional activity, reducing inflammation and pro-growth signaling in multiple models.
2 Epigenetic regulation (HAT/HDAC modulation) Inhibition of p300/CBP histone acetyltransferase; altered acetylation patterns ↔ baseline epigenetic state R, G Gene regulatory reprogramming Garcinol directly inhibits histone acetyltransferases (especially p300/CBP), influencing chromatin state and gene expression linked to differentiation and proliferation.
3 Intrinsic apoptosis (mitochondrial / caspase-linked) ↑ Bax/Bak; ↓ Bcl-2/Bcl-xL; ↑ caspase-9/3 ↔ minimal activation in normal cells G Execution of apoptosis Often downstream of stress and survival pathway modulation; not as dominant as classic pro-oxidant molecules but consistent in many cell lines.
4 Cell-cycle checkpoints (p21/p27; Cyclin D1) Cell-cycle arrest (often G1/S); Cyclin D1 ↓ ↔ G Cytostasis Frequently reported as later phenotypic outcome tied to reduced proliferation.
5 Invasion / metastasis programs (MMPs / EMT) MMP-2/9 ↓; invasion/migration ↓; EMT markers ↓ ↔ G Anti-invasive phenotype Linked mechanistically to NF-κB/AP-1 and epigenetic changes influencing MMP expression and EMT regulators.
6 Angiogenesis signaling (VEGF & pro-angiogenic factors) VEGF ↓; pro-angiogenic markers ↓ ↔ G Anti-angiogenic support Sometimes measured in later in vivo or emulated assay systems; reflects downstream gene expression changes.
7 PI3K/AKT / survival kinases ↓ PI3K/AKT signaling (model-dependent) ↔ R, G Survival/growth suppression Modulation of survival kinases is reported in some systems but not a universal primary mechanism.
8 ROS / oxidative stress (context–dependent) ROS modulation (inconsistent across models) ↔ P, R, G Conditional stress modulation Some studies report mild ROS changes, but garcinol is not a strong pro-oxidant driver like BetA or curcumin in cancer cells.
9 Chemo-sensitization / combination relevance Enhanced sensitivity to chemotherapeutics (context) — G Combination leverage Combination effects are reported in selected cell lines/model systems; not universal.
10 Bioavailability constraint (oral exposure / formulation dependence) Systemic exposure often limited without enhanced delivery — — Translation constraint Poor native bioavailability is common across polyphenols/bzp molecules; formulations improve systemic exposure.

Time-Scale Flag (TSF): P / R / G

  • P: 0–30 min (primary/physical-chemical effects; rapid signaling / kinase shifts)
  • R: 30 min–3 hr (acute stress-response and transcription signaling)
  • G: >3 hr (gene-regulatory adaptation and phenotype-level outcomes)
VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor: Click to Expand ⟱
Source: HalifaxProj (inhibit)
Type:
A signal protein produced by many cells that stimulates the formation of blood vessels. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a signal protein that plays a crucial role in angiogenesis, the process by which new blood vessels form from existing ones. This process is vital for normal physiological functions, such as wound healing and the menstrual cycle, but it is also a key factor in the growth and spread of tumors in cancer.
Because of its significant role in tumor growth and progression, VEGF has become a target for cancer therapies. Anti-VEGF therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies (e.g., bevacizumab) and small molecule inhibitors, aim to inhibit the action of VEGF, thereby reducing blood supply to tumors and limiting their growth. These therapies have been used in various types of cancer, including colorectal, lung, and breast cancer.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
826- GAR,    Inhibition of STAT3 dimerization and acetylation by garcinol suppresses the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo
- vitro+vivo, HCC, HepG2 - vitro+vivo, Liver, HUH7
STAT3↓, TumCP↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓, Mcl-1↓, survivin↓, VEGF↓, TumCCA↑, TumVol↓,
801- GAR,  Cisplatin,    Garcinol sensitizes human head and neck carcinoma to cisplatin in a xenograft mouse model despite downregulation of proliferative biomarkers
- in-vivo, HNSCC, NA
Apoptosis↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, Bcl-2↓, survivin↓, VEGF↓, TumCG↓, Ki-67↓, CD31↓,
793- GAR,    Garcinol inhibits tumour cell proliferation, angiogenesis, cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis via NF-κB inhibition in oral cancer
- in-vitro, SCC, SCC9 - in-vitro, SCC, SCC4 - in-vitro, SCC, SCC25
TumCG↓, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, NF-kB↓, COX2↓, VEGF↓,
805- GAR,  Cisplatin,  PacT,    Garcinol Exhibits Anti-Neoplastic Effects by Targeting Diverse Oncogenic Factors in Tumor Cells
- Review, NA, NA
ERK↓, PI3K/Akt↓, Wnt/(β-catenin)↓, STAT3↓, NF-kB↓, ChemoSen↑, COX2↓, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, VEGF↓, TGF-β↓, HATs↓, E-cadherin↑, Vim↓, Zeb1↓, ZEB2↓, Let-7↑, MMP9↓, TumCCA↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, IL6↓, NOTCH1↓,
811- GAR,    Garcinol exhibits anti-proliferative activities by targeting microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 in human colon cancer cells
- in-vitro, CRC, HT-29
mPGES-1↓, Hif1a↓, VEGF↓, CXCR4↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, Casp3↑, TumCP↓, PGE2↓,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 5 of 5

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 5

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

ROS↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

MMP↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

PI3K/Akt↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Apoptosis↑, 2,   BAX↑, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 3,   Bcl-xL↓, 1,   Casp3↑, 2,   Casp9↑, 1,   Mcl-1↓, 1,   survivin↓, 2,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

HATs↓, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

cycD1/CCND1↓, 2,   TumCCA↑, 3,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

ERK↓, 1,   Let-7↑, 1,   NOTCH1↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 2,   TumCG↓, 2,   Wnt/(β-catenin)↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

CD31↓, 1,   E-cadherin↑, 1,   Ki-67↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 1,   MMP9↓, 2,   TGF-β↓, 1,   TumCP↓, 2,   Vim↓, 1,   Zeb1↓, 1,   ZEB2↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

Hif1a↓, 1,   VEGF↓, 5,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX2↓, 2,   CXCR4↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   mPGES-1↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 2,   PGE2↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

ChemoSen↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

IL6↓, 1,   Ki-67↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

TumVol↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 42

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Total Targets: 0

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor
5 Garcinol
2 Cisplatin
1 Paclitaxel
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:83  Target#:334  State#:%  Dir#:1
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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