Graviola / Bcl-2 Cancer Research Results

Gra, Graviola: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Soursop or Brazilian paw paw or guanabana. People use fruit, roots, seeds and leaves. Graviola, also known as Annona muricata, is a tropical fruit-bearing tree native to the Americas.
Graviola (Annona muricata; soursop) contains annonaceous acetogenins (e.g., annonacin, bullatacin-class compounds) that are widely described as mitochondrial complex I inhibitors, producing ATP depletion and downstream stress signaling that can lead to cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in many in-vitro cancer models. A key real-world constraint is safety: epidemiology in the French Caribbean reports an association between high Annonaceae consumption and atypical parkinsonism, and animal data indicate annonacin can enter brain tissue and drive ATP depletion with neurodegenerative patterns under chronic exposure; therefore Graviola products should be treated as higher-risk than many polyphenols and should not be framed as a casual long-term supplement.

GLUT1 inhibitor?
The major pathways involved in Graviola's anti-cancer effects include:
-Reported reduction of glucose uptake (e.g., GLUT1 expression) in selected tumor models.: Graviola extracts have been shown to inhibit the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a key enzyme involved in glycolysis, the process by which cancer cells produce energy. By inhibiting LDH, Graviola reduces the production of lactate, a key metabolite that fuels cancer cell growth.(likely secondary to mitochondrial ATP depletion)
-Inhibition of glucose uptake: Graviola extracts have also been shown to inhibit the uptake of glucose by cancer cells, further reducing their energy production.
-Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway: The PI3K/AKT pathway is a key signaling pathway involved in cell survival and proliferation. Graviola extracts have been shown to inhibit this pathway, leading to reduced cancer cell growth and survival.
-Induction of apoptosis: Graviola extracts have been shown to induce apoptosis in cancer cells by activating pro-apoptotic proteins and inhibiting anti-apoptotic proteins.

The major compounds responsible for Graviola's anti-cancer effects are:
Annonaceous acetogenins: These are a group of compounds found in Graviola that have been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth and induce apoptosis.

Rank Pathway / Axis Cancer / Tumor Context Normal Tissue Context TSF Primary Effect Notes / Interpretation
1 Mitochondrial ETC Complex I inhibition → ATP depletion (acetogenins) Complex I ↓; ATP ↓; energetic crisis ↑ Risk of toxicity with sufficient exposure P, R, G Metabolic choke-point Core mechanistic theme: annonaceous acetogenins inhibit mitochondrial complex I, suppressing ATP generation (often framed as a basis for cytotoxicity in vitro).
2 ROS / mitochondrial stress (secondary to Complex I inhibition) ROS ↑ or redox destabilization (context); oxidative damage ↑ Oxidative injury risk depends on exposure P, R, G Stress amplification ROS direction varies by model/extract; best treated as secondary to energy failure rather than a universal primary ROS driver.
3 Intrinsic apoptosis (mitochondrial; caspases; PARP) Apoptosis ↑; caspase activation ↑; cl-PARP ↑ (reported) ↔ / toxicity risk at higher exposures G Cell death execution Common endpoint in cancer cell studies; often downstream of energetic collapse and stress signaling.
4 Cell-cycle control / proliferation Proliferation ↓; cell-cycle arrest ↑ (reported; phase varies) ↔ G Cytostasis Frequently reported phenotype-level effect across models; checkpoint phase depends on tumor type and extract composition.
5 NF-κB inflammatory transcription NF-κB ↓; pro-inflammatory/survival outputs ↓ (reported) Anti-inflammatory effects reported R, G Anti-inflammatory / anti-survival transcription Many extracts/constituents are reported to reduce NF-κB signaling, contributing to reduced cytokines and survival programs.
6 PI3K → AKT (± mTOR) and other survival kinases Survival kinase tone ↓ (reported; model-dependent) ↔ R, G Growth/survival suppression Often listed in reviews; keep “reported/model-dependent” because extracts vary substantially.
7 MAPK re-wiring (ERK / JNK / p38) Stress-MAPK modulation (context-dependent) ↔ P, R, G Signal reprogramming MAPK directions are heterogeneous across studies; avoid fixed arrows unless tied to a specific paper/extract.
8 Invasion / metastasis programs (MMPs / EMT) Migration/invasion ↓; MMPs/EMT markers ↓ (reported) ↔ G Anti-invasive phenotype Downstream phenotype-level outcomes reported in some tumor systems; not universal.
9 Angiogenesis signaling (VEGF & related outputs) VEGF/angiogenic outputs ↓ (reported) ↔ G Anti-angiogenic support Usually observed as later gene-expression/assay outcomes, often linked to NF-κB and survival-pathway suppression.
10 Safety constraint: neurotoxicity signal (annonacin; atypical parkinsonism association) — Long-term/high exposure concern: neurotoxicity & atypical parkinsonism association reported — Translation constraint Evidence links Annonaceae consumption (including soursop) with atypical parkinsonism in the French Caribbean; annonacin crosses BBB in animal studies and causes ATP depletion and neurodegenerative patterns with chronic exposure.

Time-Scale Flag (TSF): P / R / G

  • P: 0–30 min (primary/rapid effects; early mitochondrial/kinase shifts)
  • R: 30 min–3 hr (acute stress-response + inflammatory transcription signaling shifts)
  • G: >3 hr (gene-regulatory adaptation and phenotype-level outcomes)
Bcl-2, B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2: Click to Expand ⟱
Source: HalifaxProj (inhibit) CGL-Driver Genes
Type: Antiapoptotic Oncogene
The proteins of BCL-2 family are classified into three subgroups, i.e., the anti-apoptotic/pro-survival proteins represented by BCL-2 and BCL-XL, the pro-apoptotic proteins represented by BAX and Bak, and the pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins represented by BAD and BID.
Since the expression of Bcl-2 protein in tumor cells is much higher than that in normal cells, inhibitors targeting it have little effect on normal cells.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
1232- Gra,    Graviola: A Systematic Review on Its Anticancer Properties
- Review, NA, NA
EGFR↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, Bcl-2↓, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, BAX↑, Cyt‑c↑, Hif1a↓, NF-kB↓, GLUT1↓, GLUT4↓, HK2↓, LDHA↓, ATP↓,
858- Gra,    Annona muricata leaves induce G₁ cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through mitochondria-mediated pathway in human HCT-116 and HT-29 colon cancer cells
- in-vitro, CRC, HT-29 - in-vitro, CRC, HCT116
TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓,
851- Gra,    Antiproliferation Activity and Apoptotic Mechanism of Soursop (Annona muricata L.) Leaves Extract and Fractions on MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, Nor, CV1
Bcl-2↓, Casp9↑, Casp3↑, other↑, *toxicity↓,
843- Gra,    Graviola (Annona muricata) Exerts Anti-Proliferative, Anti-Clonogenic and Pro-Apoptotic Effects in Human Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer UW-BCC1 and A431 Cells In Vitro: Involvement of Hedgehog Signaling
- in-vitro, NMSC, A431 - in-vitro, NMSC, UW-BCC1 - in-vitro, Nor, NHEKn
TumCG↓, TumCCA↑, Cyc↓, Apoptosis↑, cl‑Casp3↑, cl‑Casp8↑, cl‑PARP↑, HH↓, Smo↓, Gli1↓, GLI2↓, Shh↓, Sufu↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, *toxicity↓,
841- Gra,    The Chemopotential Effect of Annona muricata Leaves against Azoxymethane-Induced Colonic Aberrant Crypt Foci in Rats and the Apoptotic Effect of Acetogenin Annomuricin E in HT-29 Cells: A Bioassay-Guided Approach
- in-vitro, CRC, HT-29 - in-vitro, Nor, CCD841
PCNA↓, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, *MDA↓, lipid-P↓, TumCG↓, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, Casp9↑, *ROS↓, LDH↓, *toxicity↓, selectivity↑,
838- Gra,    Antiproliferative activity of aqueous leaf extract of Annona muricata L. on the prostate, BPH-1 cells, and some target genes
- in-vitro, Pca, BPH1
BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, TumVol↓,
835- Gra,    Annona muricata leaves induced apoptosis in A549 cells through mitochondrial-mediated pathway and involvement of NF-κB
- in-vitro, Lung, A549
ROS↑, MMP↓, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp9↑, Casp3↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 7 of 7

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 7

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

lipid-P↓, 1,   ROS↑, 3,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

ATP↓, 1,   MMP↓, 4,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

HK2↓, 1,   LDH↓, 1,   LDHA↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Apoptosis↑, 4,   BAX↑, 6,   Bcl-2↓, 7,   Casp↑, 1,   Casp3↑, 3,   cl‑Casp3↑, 1,   Casp7↑, 1,   cl‑Casp8↑, 1,   Casp9↑, 3,   Cyt‑c↑, 4,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

other↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

cl‑PARP↑, 1,   PCNA↓, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

Cyc↓, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 1,   TumCCA↑, 4,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

Gli1↓, 1,   HH↓, 1,   Shh↓, 1,   Smo↓, 1,   Sufu↑, 1,   TumCG↓, 2,  

Migration ⓘ

GLI2↓, 1,   TumCI↓, 1,   TumCMig↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

EGFR↓, 1,   Hif1a↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

GLUT1↓, 1,   GLUT4↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

NF-kB↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

selectivity↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

EGFR↓, 1,   LDH↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

TumVol↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 41

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

MDA↓, 1,   ROS↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

toxicity↓, 3,  
Total Targets: 3

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: Bcl-2, B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2
7 Graviola
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:92  Target#:27  State#:%  Dir#:1
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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