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| Soursop or Brazilian paw paw or guanabana. People use fruit, roots, seeds and leaves.
Graviola, also known as Annona muricata, is a tropical fruit-bearing tree native to the Americas. Graviola (Annona muricata; soursop) contains annonaceous acetogenins (e.g., annonacin, bullatacin-class compounds) that are widely described as mitochondrial complex I inhibitors, producing ATP depletion and downstream stress signaling that can lead to cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in many in-vitro cancer models. A key real-world constraint is safety: epidemiology in the French Caribbean reports an association between high Annonaceae consumption and atypical parkinsonism, and animal data indicate annonacin can enter brain tissue and drive ATP depletion with neurodegenerative patterns under chronic exposure; therefore Graviola products should be treated as higher-risk than many polyphenols and should not be framed as a casual long-term supplement. GLUT1 inhibitor? The major pathways involved in Graviola's anti-cancer effects include: -Reported reduction of glucose uptake (e.g., GLUT1 expression) in selected tumor models.: Graviola extracts have been shown to inhibit the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a key enzyme involved in glycolysis, the process by which cancer cells produce energy. By inhibiting LDH, Graviola reduces the production of lactate, a key metabolite that fuels cancer cell growth.(likely secondary to mitochondrial ATP depletion) -Inhibition of glucose uptake: Graviola extracts have also been shown to inhibit the uptake of glucose by cancer cells, further reducing their energy production. -Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway: The PI3K/AKT pathway is a key signaling pathway involved in cell survival and proliferation. Graviola extracts have been shown to inhibit this pathway, leading to reduced cancer cell growth and survival. -Induction of apoptosis: Graviola extracts have been shown to induce apoptosis in cancer cells by activating pro-apoptotic proteins and inhibiting anti-apoptotic proteins. The major compounds responsible for Graviola's anti-cancer effects are: Annonaceous acetogenins: These are a group of compounds found in Graviola that have been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth and induce apoptosis.
Time-Scale Flag (TSF): P / R / G
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| Glucose consumption is often elevated in cancer cells due to an increased reliance on glycolysis for energy production, even in the presence of oxygen. This phenomenon, known as the Warburg effect, is a metabolic shift that allows cancer cells to rapidly proliferate and survive in nutrient-poor environments. The increased glucose consumption in cancer cells can be detected using positron emission tomography (PET) scans, which measure the uptake of a glucose analog labeled with a radioactive tracer. |
| 845- | Gra, | A Review on Annona muricata and Its Anticancer Activity |
| - | Review, | NA, | NA |
| 836- | Gra, | Graviola: A Novel Promising Natural-Derived Drug That Inhibits Tumorigenicity and Metastasis of Pancreatic Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo Through Altering Cell Metabolism |
| - | vitro+vivo, | PC, | NA |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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