TG2/TGase Cancer Research Results

TG2/TGase, Transglutaminase 2: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:

Transglutaminase 2 is usually abbreviated TG2, also called tissue transglutaminase or TGM2 for the gene. In cancer biology, TG2 is generally treated as a pro-cancer survival, EMT, invasion, metastasis, cancer stemness, and therapy-resistance factor, although its effect can be context-dependent by cancer type, subcellular location, and enzymatic vs non-enzymatic/scaffold function. Recent reviews emphasize TG2 as a major driver of EMT, metastasis, drug resistance, and cancer-cell survival signaling.

| Field             | Entry                                                                                                                                                                         |
| ----------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Target / pathway  | Transglutaminase 2                                                                                                                                                            |
| Abbrev.           | TG2                                                                                                                                                                       |
| Gene              | TGM2                                                                                                                                                                      |
| Cancer direction  | Usually upregulated / activated in aggressive, invasive, metastatic, 
                      and drug-resistant cancers                                                                           |
| Cancer effect     | Mostly pro-cancer                                                                                                                                                         |
| Best cancer label | EMT / metastasis / chemoresistance / cancer stemness / NF-κB survival signaling                                                                                               |
| Therapeutic logic | TG2 inhibition or knockdown is usually expected to reduce invasion, EMT,
                     survival, stem-like traits, and drug resistance                                                  |
| Caution           | TG2 is multifunctional and can have context-specific effects; extracellular TG2,
                     intracellular TG2, catalytic activity, GTP-binding/scaffold activity, 
                     and cancer type matter |


Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
6264- Cyste,    Different inhibition characteristics of intracellular transglutaminase activity by cystamine and cysteamine
- Review, Nor, NA
*TG2/TGase↓, The treatment of cystamine, a transglutaminase(TGase) inhibitor, has beneficial effects in several diseases including CAG-expansion disorders and cataract.
eff↑, Cystamine is a more potent inhibitor for TGase than cysteamine with different kinetics pattern in a non-reducing condition.

6263- Cyste,    Mechanism for the inhibition of transglutaminase 2 by cystamine
- Study, Nor, NA
*neuroP↑, Cystamine is neuroprotective in a number of models of neurodegeneration.
TG2/TGase↓, therapeutic benefit of cystamine has been attributed, in part, to its inhibition of transglutaminase activity.

6259- Cyste,    Therapeutic Applications of Cysteamine and Cystamine in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Diseases
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Park, NA
*ROS↓, mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation and upregulate neuroprotective pathways involving brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling.
*neuroP↑,
*BDNF↑, increase levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and heat shock proteins, which affords neuroprotective benefits.
*NRF2↑,
*BBB↑, Cysteamine can traverse the blood brain barrier, a desirable characteristic of drugs targeting neurodegeneration
*HSPs↑, fig b
*GSH↑,
*TG2/TGase↓,
Aβ↓, Along these lines, a cysamine-tacrine dimer has been developed, which decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-induced beta-amyloid aggregation ().

6258- Cyste,    Cystamine and cysteamine as inhibitors of transglutaminase activity in vivo
- Review, NA, NA
*TG2/TGase↓, Cystamine is commonly used as a transglutaminase inhibitor. cystamine is most likely to inhibit transglutaminases by an oxidative mechanism in the gut.

6256- Cyste,    Transglutaminase 2 expression levels regulate sensitivity to cystamine plus TRAIL-mediated apoptosis
- in-vitro, Kidney, Caki-1
TG2/TGase↓, ystamine, an inhibitor of transglutaminase 2 (TG2)
necrosis↑, enhanced tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated apoptosis in Caki cells, but not in normal human mesangial cells.
selectivity↑,

4331- Cyste,    Cystamine and cysteamine increase brain levels of BDNF in Huntington disease via HSJ1b and transglutaminase
- in-vivo, HD, NA - NA, AD, NA
*BDNF↑, Cystamine increases BDNF secretion from the Golgi region that is blocked by reducing HSJ1b levels or by overexpressing transglutaminase.
*neuroP↑, We demonstrate that cysteamine, the FDA-approved reduced form of cystamine, is neuroprotective in HD mice by increasing BDNF levels in brain.
*TG2/TGase↓, a compound described as an in vitro transglutaminase (TGase) inhibitor.


Showing Research Papers: 1 to 6 of 6

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 6

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Cell Death ⓘ

necrosis↑, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

TG2/TGase↓, 2,  

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

Aβ↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

eff↑, 1,   selectivity↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 5

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

GSH↑, 1,   NRF2↑, 1,   ROS↓, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

HSPs↑, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

TG2/TGase↓, 4,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

BBB↑, 1,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission ⓘ

BDNF↑, 2,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

neuroP↑, 3,  
Total Targets: 8

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: TG2/TGase, Transglutaminase 2
6 Cysteamine
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:1475  State#:%  Dir#:1
  wNotes=on  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

Home Page