| Features: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vitamin like substance. Found in cereals, nuts and legumes. Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) is a dietary component that constitutes approximately 1 to 5% of the weight of most cereals, nuts, oil seeds, legumes, and grains [1, 2]. In particular, approximately 9.5 to 14.5% of the weight of rice bran is composed of IP6. IP6 (inositol hexaphosphate) — also called myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, InsP6, phytic acid, or phytate, is a naturally occurring highly phosphorylated inositol carbohydrate abundant in cereal grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, and rice bran and also present at lower concentrations in mammalian cells. It is formally classified as a dietary phytochemical / polyphosphorylated inositol and is marketed as a dietary supplement rather than an approved anticancer drug. Standard abbreviations include IP6 and InsP6. Its unusually high negative charge gives it strong multivalent-cation binding properties, particularly toward iron, zinc, calcium, and magnesium. Experimental anticancer effects are broad but predominantly preclinical, and the extracellular millimolar concentrations commonly used in cancer-cell experiments are far above measured circulating human concentrations. Primary mechanisms (ranked):
Bioavailability / PK relevance: Oral IP6 is measurably absorbed in humans but systemic exposure is very low. Human studies report basal plasma concentrations around 0.07 mg/L during an IP6-poor diet and approximately 0.26 mg/L during a normal IP6-containing diet, with a plasma maximum occurring roughly 4 hours after an oral dose. IP6 is highly charged, undergoes gastrointestinal interactions with minerals, and can be dephosphorylated to lower inositol phosphates after uptake. Oral exposure therefore does not reproduce the extracellular millimolar concentrations commonly used in cell culture. In-vitro vs systemic exposure relevance: This is a major translational limitation. Many anticancer experiments use approximately 0.5–5 mM IP6, equivalent to roughly 330–3300 mg/L, whereas measured human plasma IP6 is typically well below 1 mg/L. Thus common in-vitro concentrations exceed measured circulating exposure by roughly three to four orders of magnitude. At millimolar concentrations IP6 also strongly chelates cations and can alter culture-medium chemistry, so some reported effects require cautious interpretation. Tissue uptake, local gastrointestinal exposure, and formation of lower inositol phosphates may nevertheless produce biological effects not predicted solely from plasma IP6 concentration. Clinical evidence status: Small human / adjunct use; not established anticancer therapy. The strongest cancer evidence remains cell-culture and animal work. Small randomized or prospective breast-cancer studies of IP6 with myo-inositol and/or topical IP6 during chemotherapy have reported better quality-of-life measures and attenuation of some treatment-associated hematologic or local symptoms, but these trials were small and were not adequate demonstrations of improved tumor response, progression-free survival, or overall survival. IP6 has no established regulatory approval for cancer treatment. A separate long-term oral IP6 study in superficial siderosis is registered but remains listed as not yet recruiting and does not establish efficacy. The principal practical safety constraint is mineral chelation: high phytate exposure can reduce iron and zinc absorption, particularly when nutritional status is marginal. Caution is also appropriate with significant iron deficiency and with anticoagulant therapy because antiplatelet effects have been reported. IP6 Cancer-Relevant Mechanisms
|
| Source: |
| Type: |
| Cytochrome c ** The term "release of cytochrome c" ** an increase in level for the cytosol. Small hemeprotein found loosely associated with the inner membrane of the mitochondrion where it plays a critical role in cellular respiration. Cytochrome c is highly water-soluble, unlike other cytochromes. It is capable of undergoing oxidation and reduction as its iron atom converts between the ferrous and ferric forms, but does not bind oxygen. It also plays a major role in cell apoptosis. The term "release of cytochrome c" refers to a critical step in the process of programmed cell death, also known as apoptosis. In its new location—the cytosol—cytochrome c participates in the apoptotic signaling pathway by helping to form the apoptosome, which activates caspases that execute cell death. Cytochrome c is a small protein normally located in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Its primary role in healthy cells is to participate in the electron transport chain, a process that helps produce energy (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial outer membrane permeability leads to the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol. The release of cytochrome c is a pivotal event in apoptosis where cytochrome c moves from the mitochondria to the cytosol, initiating a chain reaction that leads to programmed cell death. On the one hand, cytochrome c can promote cancer cell survival and proliferation by regulating the activity of various signaling pathways, such as the PI3K/AKT pathway. This can lead to increased cell growth and resistance to apoptosis, which are hallmarks of cancer. On the other hand, cytochrome c can also induce apoptosis in cancer cells by interacting with other proteins, such as Apaf-1 and caspase-9. This can lead to the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, which can result in the death of cancer cells. Overexpressed in Breast, Lung, Colon, and Prostrate. Underexpressed in Ovarian, and Pancreatic. |
| 7724- | IP6, | Inositol hexakisphosphate blocks tumor cell growth by activating apoptotic machinery as well as by inhibiting the Akt/NFkappaB-mediated cell survival pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | Cerv, | HeLa |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:% IllCat:% CanType:% Cells:% prod#:103 Target#:77 State#:% Dir#:2
wNotes=0 sortOrder:rid,rpid