Luteolin / Trx1 Cancer Research Results

LT, Luteolin: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Luteolin a Flavonoid found in celery, parsley, broccoli, onion leaves, carrots, peppers, cabbages, apple skins, and chrysanthemum flowers.
-MDR1 expression, MMP-9, IGF-1 and Epithelial to mesenchymal transition.

-Note half-life 2–3 hours
BioAv low, but could be improved with Res, or blend of castor oil, kolliphor and polyethylene glycol
Pathways:
- induce ROS production in cancer cell but a few reports of reduction. Always seems to reduce ROS in normal cells.
- ROS↑ related: MMP↓(ΔΨm), ER Stress↑, UPR↑, GRP78↑, Ca+2↑, Cyt‑c↑, Caspases↑, DNA damage↑, cl-PARP↑, HSP↓
- Lowers AntiOxidant defense in Cancer Cells: NRF2↓, SOD↓, GSH↓ Catalase↓ HO1↓ GPx↓
- Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: ROS↓, NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑,
- lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, p38↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓,
- inhibit Growth/Metastases : TumMeta↓, TumCG↓, EMT↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, TIMP2, IGF-1↓, VEGF↓, FAK↓, RhoA↓, NF-κB↓, CXCR4↓, ERK↓
- reactivate genes thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth : HDAC↓, DNMT1↓, DNMT3A↓, EZH2↓, P53↑, HSP↓,
- cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓, cyclin E↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓,
- inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, FAK↓, ERK↓, EMT↓, TOP1↓, TET1↓,
- inhibits glycolysis and ATP depletion : HIF-1α↓, PKM2↓, cMyc↓, LDHA↓, HK2↓, GRP78↑,
- inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓, Notch↓, PDGF↓, EGFR↓, Integrins↓,
- Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, STAT↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin↓, AMPK, ERK↓, JNK, TrxR**, - Shown to modulate the nuclear translocation of SREBP-2 (related to cholesterol).
- Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioSensitizer, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Renoprotection, Hepatoprotective, CardioProtective,

- Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells

Luteolin — Cancer vs Normal Cell Effects
Rank Pathway / Axis Cancer Cells Normal Cells Label Primary Interpretation Notes
1 PI3K → AKT → mTOR axis ↓ AKT / ↓ mTOR signaling ↔ adaptive suppression Driver Loss of survival and growth signaling Luteolin consistently suppresses PI3K/AKT signaling, explaining growth inhibition and apoptosis sensitization
2 NF-κB signaling ↓ NF-κB activation ↓ inflammatory NF-κB tone Driver Suppression of inflammatory survival transcription NF-κB inhibition is a core, repeatedly observed luteolin effect
3 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) ↑ ROS (context- & dose-dependent) ↓ ROS / buffered Conditional Driver Biphasic redox modulation Luteolin can act as a pro-oxidant in cancer cells while remaining antioxidant in normal cells
4 Mitochondrial integrity / intrinsic apoptosis ↓ ΔΨm; ↑ caspase activation ↔ preserved Secondary Execution of intrinsic apoptosis Mitochondrial apoptosis follows signaling and redox stress
5 STAT3 signaling ↓ STAT3 activation ↔ minimal Secondary Loss of proliferative and stemness signaling STAT3 suppression contributes to reduced invasion and CSC traits
6 Cell cycle regulation ↑ G1 or G2/M arrest ↔ spared Phenotypic Cytostatic growth control Cell-cycle arrest reflects upstream pathway inhibition
7 Migration / invasion (EMT, MMP axis) ↓ migration & invasion ↔ Phenotypic Anti-metastatic phenotype Reduced EMT and protease activity limit invasiveness


Trx1, Thioredoxin 1: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type: serum marker BC
Trx1 is useful for the early diagnosis of breast cancer or the early prediction prognosis of breast cancer, and therefore has a valuable use as a diagnostic marker and companion marker to CEA and CA15-3 for breast cancer.
- Cytosolic thioredoxin (TRX-1) vs mitochondrial thioredoxin (TRX-2).
The Trx1 level of patients with other types of cancer was close to that of women without cancer, indicating that the blood Trx1 level has potential to could discern BC from other types of cancer.

Many tumor types, including lung, breast, colon, and prostate cancers, have shown elevated levels of TRX.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
2916- LT,    Antioxidative and Anticancer Potential of Luteolin: A Comprehensive Approach Against Wide Range of Human Malignancies
- Review, Var, NA - Review, AD, NA - Review, Park, NA
proCasp9↓, CDC2↓, CycB/CCNB1↓, Casp9↑, Casp3↑, Cyt‑c↑, cycA1/CCNA1↑, CDK2↓, APAF1↑, TumCCA↑, P53↑, BAX↑, VEGF↓, Bcl-2↓, Apoptosis↑, p‑Akt↓, p‑EGFR↓, p‑ERK↓, p‑STAT3↓, cardioP↑, Catalase↓, SOD↓, *BioAv↓, *antiOx↑, *ROS↓, *NO↓, *GSTs↑, *GSR↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *lipid-P↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, CDK2↓, BNIP3↑, hTERT/TERT↓, DR5↑, Beclin-1↑, TNF-α↓, NF-kB↓, IL1↓, IL6↓, EMT↓, FAK↓, E-cadherin↑, MDM2↓, NOTCH↓, MAPK↑, Vim↓, N-cadherin↓, Snail↓, MMP2↓, Twist↓, MMP9↓, ROS↑, MMP↓, *AChE↓, *MMP↑, *Aβ↓, *neuroP↑, Trx1↑, ROS↓, *NRF2↑, NRF2↓, *BBB↑, ChemoSen↑, GutMicro↑,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 1 of 1

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 1

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

Catalase↓, 1,   NRF2↓, 1,   ROS↓, 1,   ROS↑, 1,   SOD↓, 1,   Trx1↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

CDC2↓, 1,   MMP↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 1,   p‑Akt↓, 1,   APAF1↑, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 1,   BAX↑, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 1,   Casp3↑, 1,   Casp9↑, 1,   proCasp9↓, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 1,   DR5↑, 1,   hTERT/TERT↓, 1,   MAPK↑, 1,   MDM2↓, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

Beclin-1↑, 1,   BNIP3↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

P53↑, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

CDK2↓, 2,   cycA1/CCNA1↑, 1,   CycB/CCNB1↓, 1,   TumCCA↑, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

EMT↓, 1,   p‑ERK↓, 1,   NOTCH↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 1,   p‑STAT3↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

E-cadherin↑, 1,   FAK↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 1,   MMP9↓, 1,   N-cadherin↓, 1,   Snail↓, 1,   Twist↓, 1,   Vim↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

p‑EGFR↓, 1,   VEGF↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

IL1↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

ChemoSen↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

p‑EGFR↓, 1,   GutMicro↑, 1,   hTERT/TERT↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

cardioP↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 54

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 1,   Catalase↑, 1,   GSR↑, 1,   GSTs↑, 1,   lipid-P↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 1,   ROS↓, 1,   SOD↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

MMP↑, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

NO↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

BBB↑, 1,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission ⓘ

AChE↓, 1,  

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

Aβ↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

neuroP↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 15

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: Trx1, Thioredoxin 1
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:118  Target#:463  State#:%  Dir#:2
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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