Rutin / Vim Cancer Research Results

RT, Rutin: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Rutin, a Quercetin Glycoside
Rutin, a natural flavonoid glycoside found in many plants like buckwheat, citrus fruits, and apples, has shown promising neuroprotective and anticancer properties.
Rutin is a flavonoid glycoside composed of quercetin bound to the disaccharide rutinose. It is widely found in buckwheat, citrus fruits, apples, and tea. In cancer models, rutin exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and pro-apoptotic effects. Because it is glycosylated, rutin itself has relatively low cellular permeability; many biological effects are mediated after intestinal hydrolysis to quercetin and subsequent phase-II metabolites. Mechanistically, rutin is most consistently associated with suppression of NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling, modulation of MAPK pathways, redox regulation (Nrf2/ROS balance), inhibition of angiogenesis (VEGF), and induction of cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in preclinical systems. Effects are model-dependent and often concentration-dependent, with antioxidant behavior dominating in normal tissue contexts and context-dependent pro-oxidant effects described in some tumor settings.
-Scavenges free radicals, reduces oxidative stress
-Inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β, TNF-α, and reduces activation of NF-κB.
-Inhibition of Aβ Aggregation (AD)
-Mild inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), helping enhance cholinergic function.
-May upregulate BDNF expression

Cancer:
-Induces cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase.
-Inhibits VEGF, Suppresses MMP-2 and MMP-9
-Inhibits PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathways.
-Enhances sensitivity to Chemotherapy drugs like doxorubicin and cisplatin

Rutin has poor oral bioavailability, but this can be improved with nanoformulations or co-administration with absorption enhancers like piperine or quercetin.


Cancer Pathway Table: Rutin

Rank Pathway / Axis Cancer / Tumor Context Normal Tissue Context TSF Primary Effect Notes / Interpretation
1 NF-κB inflammatory / survival signaling NF-κB ↓; COX-2, cytokines ↓ (reported) Inflammatory tone ↓ R, G Anti-inflammatory / anti-survival Frequently reported mechanism; contributes to reduced tumor-promoting inflammation and survival signaling.
2 PI3K → AKT → mTOR axis PI3K/AKT ↓; proliferation ↓ (model-dependent) R, G Growth signaling suppression Observed in several tumor models; often secondary to upstream redox and inflammatory modulation.
3 Cell-cycle regulation (Cyclins/CDKs; G1 or G2/M arrest) Cell-cycle arrest ↑ (reported) G Cytostasis Associated with reduced Cyclin D1/CDK expression; typically downstream of survival pathway inhibition.
4 Intrinsic apoptosis (mitochondrial pathway) Bax ↑; Bcl-2 ↓; caspases ↑ (reported) Minimal activation at lower exposure G Apoptotic execution Apoptosis induction frequently reported in vitro; magnitude depends on achievable intracellular concentration.
5 ROS modulation (biphasic redox behavior) ROS ↑ in some tumor contexts; apoptosis ↑ ROS ↓ (antioxidant protection) P, R Redox modulation Rutin is classically antioxidant but may promote oxidative stress in tumor cells under certain conditions (dose/metal-dependent).
6 Nrf2 / ARE antioxidant response Context-dependent modulation Nrf2 ↑; antioxidant enzymes ↑ R, G Redox buffering Common polyphenol signature; may protect normal tissue from oxidative injury.
7 MAPK pathways (ERK / JNK / p38) Stress-MAPK modulation (context-dependent) P, R, G Signal reprogramming JNK/p38 activation reported in apoptosis contexts; ERK modulation varies by model.
8 Angiogenesis signaling (VEGF) VEGF ↓; angiogenic outputs ↓ (reported) G Anti-angiogenic support Often secondary to NF-κB and PI3K suppression.
9 Invasion / metastasis (MMPs / EMT) MMP2/MMP9 ↓; migration ↓ (reported) G Anti-invasive phenotype Typically downstream of inflammatory and MAPK modulation.
10 Bioavailability constraint (glycoside → quercetin metabolism) Systemic exposure mainly as metabolites Translation constraint Rutin has limited direct cellular uptake; many effects likely mediated after conversion to quercetin and phase-II metabolites.

TSF: P = 0–30 min (rapid redox interactions), R = 30 min–3 hr (acute signaling shifts), G = >3 hr (gene-regulatory adaptation and phenotype outcomes).



Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) Summary — Rutin

Rutin has been studied in preclinical neurodegeneration models for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and mitochondrial-protective properties. It is reported to modulate Nrf2 signaling, suppress NF-κB–mediated neuroinflammation, reduce oxidative stress, and attenuate amyloid-β–induced neuronal injury in experimental systems. Many effects may be mediated after hydrolysis to quercetin. Human clinical evidence remains limited.


Alzheimer’s Disease Table: Rutin

Rank Pathway / Axis AD / Neurodegeneration Context Normal Brain Context TSF Primary Effect Notes / Interpretation
1 Nrf2 / ARE antioxidant response Nrf2 ↑; HO-1 ↑; GSH ↑; oxidative damage ↓ (reported) Redox homeostasis support R, G Antioxidant neuroprotection Consistent polyphenol signature; reduces lipid peroxidation and ROS markers in AD models.
2 NF-κB / neuroinflammation Microglial activation ↓; TNF-α / IL-1β ↓ (reported) Inflammatory tone moderation R, G Anti-inflammatory modulation Neuroinflammation is a core AD driver; rutin shows suppression in animal models.
3 Amyloid-β toxicity modulation Aβ-induced ROS ↓; neuronal apoptosis ↓ (reported) G Anti-amyloid support Evidence mainly from in vitro and rodent models; not confirmed clinically.
4 Mitochondrial protection ΔΨm stabilization; ATP preservation (reported) Mitochondrial resilience R Bioenergetic protection Opposes mitochondrial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress.
5 MAPK (JNK / p38 stress signaling) Stress-MAPK suppression (reported) P, R Stress signaling reduction JNK/p38 activation linked to neuronal apoptosis; suppression reported in models.
6 Cholinergic signaling (reported in some models) AChE activity ↓ (reported) G Cognitive support (model-based) Evidence limited; magnitude smaller than pharmaceutical AChE inhibitors.
7 BBB penetration (metabolite-driven) Effects likely via quercetin metabolites Systemic metabolism required Translation constraint Parent rutin has limited direct brain penetration; hydrolysis/metabolism important.
8 Clinical evidence Limited human AD trials Evidence constraint Most data preclinical; not established as AD therapy.

TSF: P = 0–30 min (early signaling modulation), R = 30 min–3 hr (stress-response shifts), G = >3 hr (gene-regulatory and neuroprotective outcomes).



Vim, Vimentin: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
Vimentin, a major constituent of the intermediate filament family of proteins, is ubiquitously expressed in normal mesenchymal cells and is known to maintain cellular integrity and provide resistance against stress. Vimentin is overexpressed in various epithelial cancers, including prostate cancer, gastrointestinal tumors, tumors of the central nervous system, breast cancer, malignant melanoma, and lung cancer. Vimentin’s overexpression in cancer correlates well with accelerated tumor growth, invasion, and poor prognosis; however, the role of vimentin in cancer progression remains obscure.

In many epithelial-derived tumors (carcinomas), elevated Vimentin expression is often observed in cancer cells that have undergone EMT. This upregulation is characteristic of a shift toward a mesenchymal state, which is associated with reduced cell–cell adhesion and increased motility. Vimentin expression is also noted in the tumor stroma, reflecting the presence and activation of mesenchymal cells such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). This dual expression can contribute to the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment.
The degree of Vimentin expression may vary depending on the tumor type, grade, and stage. More aggressive and advanced tumors tend to show higher levels of Vimentin expression.

High Vimentin expression has been correlated with poor clinical outcomes in several cancers, including breast, colorectal, prostate, and lung cancers.
Elevated Vimentin levels are typically associated with higher tumor grade, increased invasiveness, enhanced metastatic potential, and a greater risk of recurrence.
As a component of the EMT signature, high Vimentin expression can serve as an indicator of a more aggressive tumor phenotype and is often associated with reduced overall survival.
- vimentin up-regulation is often used as a marker of EMT in cancer



Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
1132- RT,    Rutin Promotes Proliferation and Orchestrates Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Angiogenesis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231 - in-vitro, BC, MCF-7
Vim↑, N-cadherin↑, E-cadherin↓, TumCP↑, TumCMig↑, tumCV↑, MKI67↑,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 1 of 1

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 1

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Transcription & Epigenetics

tumCV↑, 1,  

Migration

E-cadherin↓, 1,   N-cadherin↑, 1,   TumCMig↑, 1,   TumCP↑, 1,   Vim↑, 1,  

Functional Outcomes

MKI67↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 7

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Total Targets: 0

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: Vim, Vimentin
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:143  Target#:336  State#:%  Dir#:2
wNotes=0 sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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