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| Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen; SM) — a traditional Chinese medicinal root containing two major bioactive classes: lipophilic tanshinones (e.g., tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone) and hydrophilic phenolic acids (e.g., salvianolic acid A/B). Studied in oncology, cardiovascular, and neurovascular contexts. Primary mechanisms (conceptual rank): Bioavailability / PK relevance: Tanshinones are lipophilic with poor oral bioavailability; phenolic acids more water-soluble but rapidly metabolized. Many in-vitro cancer effects occur at concentrations higher than typical plasma levels from oral preparations unless specialized formulations are used. In-vitro vs oral exposure: Anti-cancer cytotoxicity frequently at micromolar range (qualifier: high concentration only for direct tumor apoptosis). Clinical evidence status: Widely used in cardiovascular medicine (Asia); oncology evidence largely preclinical or adjunct-hypothesis; no major oncology RCT approval. Red sage, redroot sage, Chinese sage or danshen.Salvianolic Acid A (SAA) is predominantly isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza, commonly known as Danshen. Tanshinone IIA is the main effective component of Salvia miltiorrhiza known as 'Danshen' Salvianolic Acid A, primarily derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), shows promise in cancer research due to its ability to inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, reduce angiogenesis, and impact multiple signaling pathways involved in tumor progression. Salvianolic Acid A may impact several intracellular signaling pathways involved in cancer progression: NF-κB Pathway: SAA might inhibit the NF-κB pathway, reducing inflammation and cell proliferation signals. MAPK Pathways (ERK, JNK, p38): By modulating these pathways, SAA can influence cell survival, differentiation, and apoptosis. PI3K/Akt Pathway: Inhibition of this pathway is another mechanism through which SAA can reduce cancer cell survival and proliferation. Oxidative Stress Reduction: SAA’s antioxidant properties may help in reducing oxidative stress, which is implicated in cancer progression and chemoresistance. Synergistic Effects with Conventional Therapies: Preliminary studies suggest that Salvianolic Acid A might enhance the effectiveness of various chemotherapeutic agents. Some studies have observed anti-proliferative effects at concentrations around 10–50 µM. rodent models have been reported in the range of 10–100 mg/kg Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) — Cancer vs Normal Cell Pathway Map
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| Type: white blood cell |
| T cells are white blood cells that play a central role in the adaptive immune response. Subsets and Function: Cytotoxic T Cells (CD8+): Recognize and kill infected or malignant cells. Helper T Cells (CD4+): Assist in orchestrating the immune response by secreting cytokines and supporting the functions of other immune cells. T cells, particularly CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, can recognize tumor antigens presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and directly kill malignant cells. Regulatory T Cells (Tregs): Maintain immune tolerance and prevent autoimmunity but may also suppress anti-tumor responses in the tumor microenvironment. Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs): Tumor Microenvironment: The presence of T cells within tumors, often referred to as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, is a key indicator of an ongoing anti-tumor immune response. Regulatory T Cells (Tregs): Tregs within the tumor environment may inhibit the activity of cytotoxic T cells through the secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines (e.g., IL-10, TGF-β), thus allowing tumors to evade the immune response. In many cancers, a robust T cell infiltrate is correlated with a better overall survival, lower rates of relapse, and improved responses to therapy. Assessing the type, density, and activation state of T cells in the tumor microenvironment can provide valuable prognostic information. High levels of active, cytotoxic T cells generally indicate a better prognosis. |
| 1195- | SM, | Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharide activates T Lymphocytes of cancer patients through activation of TLRs mediated -MAPK and -NF-κB signaling pathways |
| - | in-vitro, | Lung, | A549 | - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 | - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HCT116 |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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