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| Used to treat urea cycle disorders Sodium phenylbutyrate helps remove ammonia from the body. -Phenyl-butyrate (PB)4 is an aromatic fatty acid that is converted in vivo to phenylacetate (PA) by β-oxidation in liver and kidney mitochondria. -In human body, phenylbutyrate is oxidized to phenylacetate, which is in turn conjugated with glutamine and eliminated in urine as phenylacetylglutamine, thereby mediating elimination of waste nitrogen -Phenylbutyrate is one of the first drugs encountered in cancer therapy as a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI) (relatively weak compared to vorinostat (SAHA), romidepsin, etc.). -Butyric acid is one of the short-chain fatty acids produced by the gut microbiota through the fermentation of dietary fiber. Butyrate is primarily recognized for its beneficial effects in the colon and is tightly linked to gut health. -Phenylbutyrate is a derivative of butyrate that has been chemically modified by the addition of a phenyl group. This structural change increases its lipophilicity (fat solubility) and alters its metabolic fate and biological activity. This allows it to be used as a systemic drug, in contrast to the locally produced butyrate in the gut, which is rapidly metabolized by colonocytes Pathways: -Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor -ER stress inhibitor (at least in normal cell) -Can act as a chemical chaperone, helping to reduce ER stress by facilitating proper protein folding. -Modulation of NF-κB Signaling -Changes in pathways such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK. -Some preclinical investigations have reported that treatment with phenylbutyrate leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, both of which can result in an increase of ROS within cancer cells. Note: Sodium butyrate (NaBu) vs Sodium phenylbutyrate -Sodium butyrate is primarily a research tool with limited clinical application, whereas phenylbutyrate is used clinically -Phenylbutyrate typically exhibits improved pharmacokinetics and is more amenable to systemic use compared to sodium butyrate. -Both compounds act as HDAC inhibitors, phenylbutyrate additionally modulates ER stress and mitochondrial function, leading to potentially greater ROS production in certain cancer cells. https://www.purepba.com/shop/
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| Power to enhance an anti cancer effect |
| 2581- | ART/DHA, | PB, | Synergistic cytotoxicity of artemisinin and sodium butyrate on human cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | AML, | NA |
| 2061- | PB, | Chemo, | Complementary effects of HDAC inhibitor 4-PB on gap junction communication and cellular export mechanisms support restoration of chemosensitivity of PDAC cells |
| - | in-vitro, | PC, | PANC1 | - | in-vitro, | PC, | COLO357 | - | in-vitro, | PC, | Bxpc-3 |
| 2065- | PB, | TMZ, | Inhibition of Mitochondria- and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Autophagy Augments Temozolomide-Induced Apoptosis in Glioma Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | GBM, | NA |
| 2070- | PB, | Phenylbutyrate-induced apoptosis is associated with inactivation of NF-kappaB IN HT-29 colon cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HT-29 |
| 2074- | PB, | Chemo, | The effect of combined treatment with sodium phenylbutyrate and cisplatin, erlotinib, or gefitinib on resistant NSCLC cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Lung, | A549 | - | in-vitro, | Lung, | Calu-6 | - | in-vitro, | Lung, | H1650 |
| 2026- | PB, | Oral sodium phenylbutyrate in patients with recurrent malignant gliomas: A dose escalation and pharmacologic study |
| - | Trial, | GBM, | NA |
| 2028- | PB, | Potential of Phenylbutyrate as Adjuvant Chemotherapy: An Overview of Cellular and Molecular Anticancer Mechanisms |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 2036- | PB, | Phenylbutyrate induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer and is more potent than phenylacetate |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | NA | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 2043- | PB, | Cisplatin, | Phenylbutyrate interferes with the Fanconi anemia and BRCA pathway and sensitizes head and neck cancer cells to cisplatin |
| - | in-vitro, | HNSCC, | UM-SCC-1 |
| 2044- | PB, | DCA, | Differential inhibition of PDKs by phenylbutyrate and enhancement of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity by combination with dichloroacetate |
| - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 2048- | PB, | Sodium Phenylbutyrate Inhibits Tumor Growth and the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro and In Vivo |
| - | in-vitro, | OS, | CAL27 | - | in-vitro, | Oral, | HSC3 | - | in-vitro, | OS, | SCC4 | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 2053- | PB, | 4-Phenyl butyric acid prevents glucocorticoid-induced osteoblast apoptosis by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress |
| - | in-vitro, | ostP, | 3T3 |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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