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| The (R)-enantiomer of alkannin is known as shikonin, and the racemic mixture of the two is known as shikalkin. Shikonin is a naphthoquinone derivative primarily isolated from the roots of plants in the Boraginaceae family (e.g., Lithospermum erythrorhizon). Shikonin is the main active component of a Chinese medicinal plant 'Zi Cao' -Shikonin is a major component of zicao (purple gromwell, the dried root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon), a Chinese herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory properties -Quinone methides (QMs) are highly reactive intermediates formed from natural compounds like shikonin -ic50 cancer cells 1-10uM, normal cells >10uM -known as Glycolysis inhibitor: ( inhibit pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2*******), a key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway) Available from mcsformulas.com Shikonin Pro Liposomal, 30 mg Also In Glycolysis Inhibithree(100 mg PHLORIZIN,10 mg TANSHINONE IIA, 8 mg Shikonin) -Note half-life15-30mins or 8hr?. BioAv low, poor water solubility Pathways: - usually induce ROS production in cancer cells, and reduce ROS in normal cells. - ROS↑ related: MMP↓(ΔΨm), ER Stress↑, GRP78↑, Ca+2↑, Cyt‑c↑, Caspases↑, DNA damage↑, cl-PARP↑, HSP↓, - Lowers AntiOxidant defense in Cancer Cells: NRF2↓, TrxR↓**, SOD↓, GSH↓ Catalase↓ GPx4↓ - Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: ROS↓, NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑, - lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, p38↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : NLRP3↓, IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓, IL-8↓ - inhibit Growth/Metastases : TumMeta↓, TumCG↓, EMT↓, MMPs↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, IGF-1↓, uPA↓, VEGF↓, FAK↓, NF-κB↓, TGF-β↓, ERK↓ - cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓, cyclin E↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, - inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, FAK↓, ERK↓, EMT↓, - inhibits glycolysis /Warburg Effect and ATP depletion : HIF-1α↓, PKM2↓, cMyc↓, GLUT1↓, LDH↓, LDHA↓, HK2↓, PFKs↓, PDKs↓, ECAR↓, OXPHOS↓, GRP78↑, GlucoseCon↓ - inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓, EGFR↓, Integrins↓, - Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, JAK↓, STAT↓, β-catenin↓, AMPK, ERK↓, JNK, P53↑, - Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioSensitizer, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Cognitive, Renoprotection, Hepatoprotective, CardioProtective, - Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells
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| Type: Protein Coding gene |
| Beclin 1, an autophagy and haploinsufficient tumor-suppressor protein, is frequently monoallelically deleted in breast and ovarian cancers. However, the precise mechanisms by which Beclin 1 inhibits tumor growth remain largely unknown. A key biomarker of autophagy is Beclin-1. Beclin-1 stimulates LC3-I’s lipidation to produce LC3-II, which localizes to the autophagosome membrane to activate the development of autophagosomes. -BECN1 = the official gene symbol (human gene name) -Beclin-1 = the protein name encoded by the BECN1 gene BECN1 - Beclin 1 Abbreviation: BECN1, Beclin 1 Alternative Names: ATG6, VPS30 Type: Autophagy regulator / class III PI3K complex component Function: Beclin 1 is a core component of the VPS34/class III PI3K complex and promotes phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate production required for autophagosome nucleation and membrane trafficking. Cancer: ↕ Context-dependent. Reduced BECN1 expression can contribute to tumor initiation and genomic instability, supporting a tumor-suppressive role in some tissues. However, established cancers can also exploit Beclin 1-dependent autophagy for survival under metabolic and therapeutic stress. |
| 2229- | SK, | Shikonin induces apoptosis and prosurvival autophagy in human melanoma A375 cells via ROS-mediated ER stress and p38 pathways |
| - | in-vitro, | Melanoma, | A375 |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:% IllCat:% CanType:% Cells:% prod#:150 Target#:30 State#:% Dir#:2
wNotes=0 sortOrder:rid,rpid