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| Vitamin K2 (menaquinone) Menaquinone-4 (MK-4), a subtype of vitamin K2 Helps blood clot, calcium metabolise and heart health. Bone health: Vitamin K2 helps to regulate calcium levels in the body, which can help to prevent conditions such as osteoporosis and fractures. Vitamin K2 has been studied for its potential role in cancer prevention and treatment. Some of the key findings include: -Shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells, including those found in leukemia, lung cancer, and prostate cancer. -Shown to induce apoptosis (cell death) in cancer cells, which can help to prevent the spread of cancer. -Shown to have anti-angiogenic effects, which means it can help to prevent the formation of new blood vessels that feed cancer cells. -Synergistic effects with other nutrients, such as vitamin D and calcium, to enhance its anti-cancer effects. UBIAD1 is the enzyme that makes MK-4 inside tissues Vitamin K2 exists in several forms known as menaquinones, with MK-4 and MK-7 being the most studied. MK-4 is often used in Japan for therapeutic purposes, whereas MK-7 (derived from bacterial fermentation) is widely available as a supplement in Western countries. For bone and cardiovascular health—and by extension, exploring potential anticancer benefits—doses for MK-7 commonly range from 90 to 200 micrograms per day. |
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| The selectivity of cancer products (such as chemotherapeutic agents, targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and novel cancer drugs) refers to their ability to affect cancer cells preferentially over normal, healthy cells. High selectivity is important because it can lead to better patient outcomes by reducing side effects and minimizing damage to normal tissues. Achieving high selectivity in cancer treatment is crucial for improving patient outcomes. It relies on pinpointing molecular differences between cancerous and normal cells, designing drugs or delivery systems that exploit these differences, and overcoming intrinsic challenges like tumor heterogeneity and resistance Factors that affect selectivity: 1. Ability of Cancer cells to preferentially absorb a product/drug -EPR-enhanced permeability and retention of cancer cells -nanoparticle formations/carriers may target cancer cells over normal cells -Liposomal formations. Also negatively/positively charged affects absorbtion 2. Product/drug effect may be different for normal vs cancer cells - hypoxia - transition metal content levels (iron/copper) change probability of fenton reaction. - pH levels - antiOxidant levels and defense levels 3. Bio-availability |
| 2279- | VitK2, | Vitamin K2 Induces Mitochondria-Related Apoptosis in Human Bladder Cancer Cells via ROS and JNK/p38 MAPK Signal Pathways |
| - | in-vitro, | Bladder, | T24/HTB-9 | - | in-vitro, | Bladder, | J82 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HEK293 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | L02 | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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