Magnetic Fields / SOD2 Cancer Research Results

MF, Magnetic Fields: Click to Expand ⟱
Features: Therapy
Magnetic Fields can be Static, or pulsed. The most common therapy is a pulsed magnetic field in the uT or mT range.
The main pathways affected are:
Calcium Signaling: -influence the activity of voltage-gated calcium channels.
Oxidative Stress and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Pathways
Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) and Cellular Stress Responses
Cell Proliferation and Growth Signaling: MAPK/ERK pathway.
Gene Expression and Epigenetic Modifications: NF-κB
Angiogenesis Pathways: VEGF (improving VEGF for normal cells)
PEMF was found to have a 2-fold increase in drug uptake compared to traditional electrochemotherapy in rat melanoma models

Pathways:
- most reports have ROS production increasing in cancer cells , while decreasing in normal cells.
- ROS↑ related: MMP↓(ΔΨm), ER Stress↑, UPR↑, GRP78↑, Ca+2↑, Cyt‑c↑, Caspases↑, DNA damage↑, cl-PARP↑, HSP↓, Prx,
- Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: ROS↓, NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑,
- lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : NLRP3↓, IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓, IL-8↓
- inhibit Growth/Metastases : TumMeta↓, TumCG↓, VEGF↓(mostly regulated up in normal cells),
- cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑,
- inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, TNF-α↓,
- inhibits glycolysis /Warburg Effect and ATP depletion : HIF-1α↓, PKM2↓, GLUT1↓, LDH↓, HK2↓, PFKs↓, PDKs↓, ECAR↓, OXPHOS↓, GRP78↑, Glucose↓, GlucoseCon↓
- inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓, Notch↓, FGF↓, PDGF↓, EGFR↓, Integrins↓,
- Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, STAT↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin↓, ERK↓, JNK, - SREBP (related to cholesterol).
- Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, cytoProtective, RadioSensitizer, RadioProtective, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Hepatoprotective, CardioProtective,

- Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells

Non-Static Magnetic Fields (AC / Pulsed / Oscillating MF)
Rank Pathway / Axis Cancer Cells Normal Cells TSF Primary Effect Notes / Interpretation
1 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) ↑ ROS (P→R); often sustained (G) ↑ ROS (P); ↔/↓ net ROS (R→G) P, R, G Upstream redox perturbation MF perturbs electron/radical dynamics: normal cells often adapt (ROS setpoint ↓), cancer cells less so
2 NRF2 antioxidant response ↔ / insufficient NRF2 induction (R→G) ↑ NRF2 activation (R→G) R, G Adaptive redox defense Explains mixed ROS direction in normal cells (initial ↑ then adaptive ↓)
3 Glutathione (GSH) homeostasis ↓ GSH (R→G) ↔ or transient ↓ (R) with recovery (G) R, G Redox buffering capacity GSH depletion reflects sustained oxidative load; recovery indicates successful adaptation
4 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) / antioxidant enzymes ↔ or inadequate enzyme upshift (G) ↑ SOD/GPx/CAT capacity (G) G Longer-term antioxidant remodeling Often the “endpoint” readout that correlates with ROS-normalization in normal tissue
5 Mitochondrial ETC / respiration ↓ ETC efficiency; ↑ electron leak (P→R) ↔ mild, reversible ETC perturbation (P→R) P, R Bioenergetic destabilization ETC perturbation is a mechanistic bridge between MF exposure and ROS/ΔΨm changes
6 Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm / MMP) ↓ ΔΨm (R); may progress (G) ↔ preserved or reversible dip (R) R, G Mitochondrial dysfunction thresholding ΔΨm loss typically follows ROS/ETC disruption rather than preceding it
7 Ca²⁺ signaling (VGCC / ER–mitochondria Ca²⁺ flux) ↑ dysregulated Ca²⁺ influx/transfer (P→R); overload may persist (G) ↑ transient Ca²⁺ signaling (P); homeostasis restored (R→G) P, R, G Stress signal amplification Ca²⁺ dysregulation links ROS/ETC perturbation to ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction (amplifies ΔΨm loss and UPR commitment)
8 Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) ↑ MPTP opening propensity (R); sustained opening possible (G) ↔ transient or closed (R→G) P, R, G Commitment point for mitochondrial failure MPTP opening integrates ROS, Ca²⁺ overload, and ΔΨm loss; acts as a threshold event converting reversible stress into irreversible mitochondrial dysfunction
9 ER stress / UPR ↑ ER stress (R); CHOP-commitment possible (G) ↑ adaptive UPR (R); resolves (G) R, G Proteostasis stress Often downstream of ROS + Ca²⁺ handling perturbations
10 DNA damage (oxidative) ↑ damage markers (R→G) ↔ or repaired (G) R, G Checkpoint pressure Generally secondary to ROS; interpret as stress consequence not “direct genotoxicity”
11 LDH / glycolytic flux ↓ glycolytic performance (R→G) ↔ flexible substrate switching (R→G) R, G Metabolic vulnerability Redox imbalance can destabilize high-rate glycolysis in cancer-biased contexts
12 Thioredoxin system (Trx / TrxR) ↓ functional reserve / overload (R→G) ↔ preserved capacity (G) R, G Parallel antioxidant system stress Useful when GSH-only does not explain redox phenotype 
Time-Scale Flag: TSF = P / R / G
  P: 0–30 min (physical / electron / radical effects)
  R: 30 min–3 hr (redox signaling & stress response)
  G: >3 hr (gene-regulatory adaptation)
MPTP: opening represents a mitochondrial commitment event integrating ROS and Ca²⁺ stress; sustained opening indicates irreversible bioenergetic failure.
SOD2, MnSOD: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type: protein
Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, also known as SOD2).
SOD2 (Superoxide Dismutase 2) is a protein that is a member of the superoxide dismutase family of enzymes, which are involved in the detoxification of superoxide radicals.

-MnSOD is localized in the mitochondria and plays a key role in detoxifying superoxide radicals, thereby limiting oxidative damage and maintaining mitochondrial integrity.
• By modulating ROS levels, MnSOD influences cellular signaling pathways involved in proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolic adaptation—all of which are critical during tumorigenesis.

Typically low SOD2 expression in cancers, with poor prognosis.

-Increased MnSOD levels may help tumor cells manage the high levels of ROS resulting from rapid cell division and metabolic alterations, which can contribute to tumor progression.
- Some prognostic studies associate high levels of MnSOD with resistance to apoptosis and poorer patient outcomes; however, findings are not entirely consistent across all studies.

• Depending on the tumor type and the balance with other antioxidant systems, high MnSOD can be associated with either favorable or unfavorable clinical outcomes, reflecting its dual roles in cancer biology.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
2612- Ba,  MF,    The effect of a static magnetic field and baicalin or baicalein interactions on amelanotic melanoma cell cultures (C32)
- in-vitro, Melanoma, NA
SOD1↑, SOD2↑, GPx1↑, Dose?, eff↝, SOD1↓, SOD2↓, GPx1↓,
2260- MF,    Alternative magnetic field exposure suppresses tumor growth via metabolic reprogramming
- in-vitro, GBM, U87MG - in-vitro, GBM, LN229 - in-vivo, NA, NA
TumCP↓, TumCG↓, OS↑, ROS↑, SOD2↑, eff↓, ECAR↓, OCR↑, selectivity↑, *toxicity∅, TumVol↓, PGC-1α↑, OXPHOS↑, Glycolysis↓, PKM2↓,
3462- MF,    The Effect of a Static Magnetic Field on microRNA in Relation to the Regulation of the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in a Fibroblast Cell Line That Had Been Treated with Fluoride Ions
- in-vitro, Nor, NA
*NRF2↑, *Keap1↓, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *ROS↓, *MDA↓, *SOD1↑, *SOD2↑, *GSR↑,
4111- MF,    Coupling of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) therapy to molecular grounds of the cell
- Review, Arthritis, NA
*Inflam↓, *Cartilage↑, *Pain↓, *QoL↑, *Dose↝, *VEGF↑, *NO↑, *TGF-β↑, *MMP9↓, *PGE2↑, *GPx3↑, *SOD2↑, *Catalase↑, *GSR↑, *Ca+2↑,
4102- MF,    Modulation of antioxidant enzyme gene expression by extremely low frequency electromagnetic field in post-stroke patients
- Human, Stroke, NA
*Catalase↑, *SOD1↑, *SOD2↑, *GPx1↑, *GPx4↑, *Dose↝,
3484- MF,    Extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields cause antioxidative defense mechanisms in human osteoblasts via induction of •O2 − and H2O2
- in-vitro, Nor, NA
*GPx↑, *SOD2↑, *Catalase↑, *GSR↑, *ROS↓,
3567- MFrot,  MF,    The Effect of Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Field on Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review
- Review, Stroke, NA
*eff↑, *ROS↓, *Inflam↓, *cognitive↑, *Catalase↑, *SOD↑, *SOD1↑, *SOD2↑, *GPx1↑, *GPx4↑, *IL1β↑, *neuroP↑, *toxicity∅,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 7 of 7

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 7

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

GPx1↓, 1,   GPx1↑, 1,   OXPHOS↑, 1,   ROS↑, 1,   SOD1↓, 1,   SOD1↑, 1,   SOD2↓, 1,   SOD2↑, 2,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

OCR↑, 1,   PGC-1α↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

ECAR↓, 1,   Glycolysis↓, 1,   PKM2↓, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

TumCG↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

TumCP↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

Dose?, 1,   eff↓, 1,   eff↝, 1,   selectivity↑, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

OS↑, 1,   TumVol↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 21

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

Catalase↑, 4,   GPx↑, 2,   GPx1↑, 2,   GPx3↑, 1,   GPx4↑, 2,   GSR↑, 3,   Keap1↓, 1,   MDA↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 1,   ROS↓, 3,   SOD↑, 2,   SOD1↑, 3,   SOD2↑, 5,  

Migration ⓘ

Ca+2↑, 1,   Cartilage↑, 1,   MMP9↓, 1,   TGF-β↑, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

NO↑, 1,   VEGF↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

IL1β↑, 1,   Inflam↓, 2,   PGE2↑, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

Dose↝, 2,   eff↑, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

cognitive↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 1,   Pain↓, 1,   QoL↑, 1,   toxicity∅, 2,  
Total Targets: 29

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: SOD2, MnSOD
7 Magnetic Fields
1 Baicalein
1 Magnetic Field Rotating
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:172  Target#:935  State#:%  Dir#:2
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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