| Features: treatment category |
| Chemotherapy is a treatment approach that uses drugs to target and kill rapidly dividing cells, primarily cancer cells. However, because many normal cells also divide quickly (such as those in the bone marrow, digestive tract, and hair follicles), chemotherapy can also affect these cells, leading to a range of side effects. Main Classes of Chemotherapy Agents and Examples Alkylating Agents: -work by adding alkyl groups to DNA, which interferes with the DNA’s structure and prevents replication. Examples: Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide, Melphalan, Chlorambucil, Busulfan. Anti-metabolites: -interfere with DNA and RNA synthesis by substituting for the normal building blocks of nucleic acids. Examples: Methotrexate, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), Cytarabine, Gemcitabine, 6-Mercaptopurine. Anti-microtubule Agents: -interfere with the structures that separate chromosomes during cell division (mitosis). Examples: Paclitaxel, Docetaxel, Vincristine, Vinblastine. Topoisomerase Inhibitors: -target the enzymes topoisomerase I and II, which control the changes in DNA structure required for replication. Examples: Etoposide (topoisomerase II inhibitor), Irinotecan (topoisomerase I inhibitor), Topotecan. Cytotoxic Antibiotics: -intercalate into DNA, inhibiting the replication of cancer cells. Examples: Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin, Bleomycin, Mitoxantrone. Platinum-Based Agents: -contain platinum and cause cross-linking of DNA, which interferes with DNA repair and replication. Examples: Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Oxaliplatin. Many chemotherapy agents exert their effects, at least in part, by inducing oxidative stress in cancer cells. They can increase ROS levels through several mechanisms: -Direct generation of free radicals. -Disruption of mitochondrial function, leading to increased production of ROS. -Interference with the cell’s antioxidant systems. -May want to avoid antioxidants 7 days bef ore and 7 days after chemo. Examples: NAC, Glutathione, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin E -anti-oxidants known to have pro-oxidant effects (like Quercetin, Curcumin, etc.) should not be taken 2-3 days before and after chemo -pro-oxidants known to bring good benefit to chemo can be continued during chemo. Examples are: Omega 3, Aremisia Annua, Silver NanoParticles. |
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| The selectivity of cancer products (such as chemotherapeutic agents, targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and novel cancer drugs) refers to their ability to affect cancer cells preferentially over normal, healthy cells. High selectivity is important because it can lead to better patient outcomes by reducing side effects and minimizing damage to normal tissues. Achieving high selectivity in cancer treatment is crucial for improving patient outcomes. It relies on pinpointing molecular differences between cancerous and normal cells, designing drugs or delivery systems that exploit these differences, and overcoming intrinsic challenges like tumor heterogeneity and resistance Factors that affect selectivity: 1. Ability of Cancer cells to preferentially absorb a product/drug -EPR-enhanced permeability and retention of cancer cells -nanoparticle formations/carriers may target cancer cells over normal cells -Liposomal formations. Also negatively/positively charged affects absorbtion 2. Product/drug effect may be different for normal vs cancer cells - hypoxia - transition metal content levels (iron/copper) change probability of fenton reaction. - pH levels - antiOxidant levels and defense levels 3. Bio-availability |
| 2584- | Api, | Chemo, | The versatility of apigenin: Especially as a chemopreventive agent for cancer |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 2732- | BetA, | Chemo, | Betulinic acid chemosensitizes breast cancer by triggering ER stress-mediated apoptosis by directly targeting GRP78 |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | MDA-MB-231 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | MCF10 |
| 4763- | CoQ10, | Chemo, | doxoR, | Effect of Coenzyme Q10 on Doxorubicin Cytotoxicity in Breast Cancer Cell Cultures |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MDA-MB-231 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | BT549 |
| 5801- | CRMs, | Chemo, | Caloric Restriction Enhances Chemotherapy Efficacy and Reshapes Stress Responses in Sarcoma |
| - | in-vivo, | sarcoma, | NA |
| 1881- | DCA, | Chemo, | Co-treatment of dichloroacetate, omeprazole and tamoxifen exhibited synergistically antiproliferative effect on malignant tumors: in vivo experiments and a case report |
| - | in-vitro, | NA, | HT1080 | - | in-vitro, | NA, | WI38 | - | Case Report, | Var, | NA |
| 1851- | dietFMD, | Chemo, | Starvation-dependent differential stress resistance protects normal but not cancer cells against high-dose chemotherapy |
| - | in-vitro, | GBM, | LN229 | - | in-vitro, | neuroblastoma, | SH-SY5Y |
| 1861- | dietFMD, | Chemo, | Fasting induces anti-Warburg effect that increases respiration but reduces ATP-synthesis to promote apoptosis in colon cancer models |
| - | in-vitro, | Colon, | CT26 | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 2309- | EGCG, | Chemo, | Targeting Glycolysis with Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Enhances the Efficacy of Chemotherapeutics in Pancreatic Cancer Cells and Xenografts |
| - | in-vitro, | PC, | MIA PaCa-2 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HPNE | - | in-vitro, | PC, | PANC1 | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 2061- | PB, | Chemo, | Complementary effects of HDAC inhibitor 4-PB on gap junction communication and cellular export mechanisms support restoration of chemosensitivity of PDAC cells |
| - | in-vitro, | PC, | PANC1 | - | in-vitro, | PC, | COLO357 | - | in-vitro, | PC, | Bxpc-3 |
| 2991- | RES, | Chemo, | Synergistic anti-cancer effects of resveratrol and chemotherapeutic agent clofarabine against human malignant mesothelioma MSTO-211H cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Melanoma, | MSTO-211H | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | MeT5A |
| 1836- | VitC, | VitK3, | Chemo, | Vitamins C and K3: A Powerful Redox System for Sensitizing Leukemia Lymphocytes to Everolimus and Barasertib |
| - | in-vitro, | AML, | NA |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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