Hibiscus sabdariffa / AntiBio Cancer Research Results

HibSad, Hibiscus sabdariffa: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Hibiscus sabdariffa (commonly known as Roselle)
It is rich in bioactive components such as polyphenols, anthocyanins, flavonoids, organic acids, and other antioxidants.
Hibiscus sabdariffa is rich in antioxidants and bioactive compounds that show potential anti-cancer effects by reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and modulating inflammatory pathways.
Preparation / Fraction Main Constituents / Identity Main Cancer-Relevant Pathways ROS / Mitochondria Apoptosis / Cell Cycle Other Key Features
H. sabdariffa aqueous extract (HSE) Water-soluble mixed extract containing anthocyanins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, organic acids, polysaccharides and other hydrophilic constituents; composition varies strongly with plant part, extraction temperature and preparation. ↓ Akt/NF-κB signaling; ↓ proliferation; ↓ migration/invasion; modulation of ERα in some breast-cancer models; broad antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Can ↑ ROS and ↓ mitochondrial membrane potential in susceptible cancer cells at cytotoxic concentrations, while showing antioxidant effects in normal or non-cancer systems. ↑ Bax/Bcl-2 ratio; ↑ caspase-mediated apoptosis; cell-cycle inhibition reported in several models. Closest experimental category to Hibiscus tea/decoctions, but many laboratory HSE preparations are more concentrated than dietary beverages. Mechanistically broad but poorly standardized.
H. sabdariffa polyphenol-rich extract (HPE) Concentrated polyphenolic fraction enriched in anthocyanins, flavonoids and phenolic acids, often prepared from calyces or leaves. ↑ p38 MAPK; ↑ p53 signaling; ↑ Fas/FasL; modulation of PI3K class III/Beclin-1/LC3; modulation of Akt/mTOR; ↓ invasive signaling. ↑ oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer cells; mitochondrial signaling contributes to apoptosis. Strong ↑ apoptosis through intrinsic and extrinsic pathways; ↑ autophagy or autophagic cell death in selected models; ↓ proliferation. Generally produces stronger and more reproducible anticancer effects than crude aqueous extract because active polyphenols are enriched. Frequently used in gastric-cancer and melanoma mechanistic studies.
H. sabdariffa anthocyanins (HAs) Anthocyanin-rich fraction dominated by delphinidin-3-sambubioside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside, with related anthocyanins depending on cultivar and extraction. ↑ mitochondrial apoptotic signaling; modulation of MAPK pathways; ↓ proliferation; possible modulation of estrogen-dependent signaling in ER-positive cells. ↑ ROS in cancer cells at cytotoxic concentrations; ↓ mitochondrial membrane potential; anthocyanins can also act as antioxidants at lower concentrations or in non-cancer tissues. ↑ cytochrome-c release; ↑ caspase-3/-9; ↑ Bax/Bcl-2 ratio; ↑ apoptosis, particularly in leukemia and other sensitive cancer-cell models. More chemically defined than HSE or HPE. Systemic translation is limited by rapid metabolism and low circulating concentrations of intact anthocyanins after oral administration.
H. sabdariffa protocatechuic acid (PCA) Defined phenolic acid constituent and anthocyanin metabolite; chemically distinct single compound rather than an extract. ↓ RB phosphorylation; ↓ Bcl-2; modulation of p53-related stress pathways; inhibition of proliferation. Can promote oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptotic signaling in cancer cells depending on dose and model; also has antioxidant activity in non-cancer systems. ↑ apoptosis; ↓ Bcl-2; ↑ hypophosphorylated RB; cell-cycle arrest/growth suppression. Particularly well characterized in HL-60 leukemia cells. Best suited to a separate database product if individual-compound mechanisms are being tracked. PCA is not specific to H. sabdariffa and occurs widely in foods and as a metabolite of several polyphenols.

Hibiscus sabdariffa — commonly known as roselle, is an edible medicinal plant whose calyces and leaves contain anthocyanins, polyphenols, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and organic acids. It is classified as a botanical food/nutraceutical and plant-extract modality rather than a defined anticancer drug. Standard abbreviations include HS and H. sabdariffa. The calyx is the predominant food and beverage source, whereas several anticancer studies have used leaf extracts, anthocyanin-rich fractions, or polyphenol-enriched preparations that are not compositionally equivalent to ordinary hibiscus tea. Important constituents include delphinidin-3-sambubioside, cyanidin-3-sambubioside, protocatechuic acid, and other polyphenols.

-Calyx — the thick, fleshy red structure surrounding the base of the flower and later the seed capsule. This is the main material used for hibiscus tea, beverages, extracts, and most commercial supplements. It is especially rich in anthocyanins, organic acids, and polyphenols.
-Epicalyx — a ring of smaller bract-like structures immediately outside the calyx. These are often harvested together with the calyx and may be included in dried commercial “hibiscus flower” material.

Primary mechanisms (ranked):

  1. Induction of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis through ↑ Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, mitochondrial dysfunction/cytochrome-c signaling, caspase activation, and p53/p38 MAPK/Fas/FasL pathways.
  2. Suppression of tumor-cell proliferation and survival through cell-cycle disruption and modulation of RB, p53, MAPK, Akt and related survival signaling.
  3. Mitochondrial oxidative stress with ↑ ROS and ↓ mitochondrial membrane potential in susceptible cancer cells; this contributes to apoptosis and can enhance chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity.
  4. Autophagy modulation, including autophagic cell death in some melanoma models, with involvement of PI3K class III/Beclin-1/LC3 and Akt/mTOR signaling.
  5. Estrogen receptor α modulation in ER-positive breast cancer, including altered ERα localization/activity; this mechanism is subtype-dependent rather than a universal Hibiscus effect.
  6. Suppression of migration/invasion and other metastatic phenotypes in selected breast, prostate, and other tumor models.
  7. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant modulation, including attenuation of pro-inflammatory and oxidative signaling; these effects are more established in non-cancer experimental and human contexts than as direct tumor-killing mechanisms.

Bioavailability / PK relevance: Hibiscus anthocyanins are orally absorbed but have low systemic bioavailability and are rapidly metabolized and eliminated. Human pharmacokinetic studies demonstrate circulating anthocyanin-derived compounds after oral Hibiscus extract, but exposure to intact parent anthocyanins is substantially lower than concentrations commonly used in mechanistic cell-culture studies. Extract composition, plant part, cultivar, processing, and extraction method materially affect exposure.

In-vitro vs systemic exposure relevance: Many anticancer experiments use approximately hundreds of µg/mL to mg/mL of crude or polyphenol-enriched extract, or high-µM to millimolar concentrations of individual phenolic compounds. These concentrations generally exceed plausible circulating concentrations following ordinary dietary Hibiscus consumption. Direct translation of in-vitro anticancer potency to oral tea or supplement use is therefore poor. Local gastrointestinal exposure may be considerably higher than systemic exposure.

Clinical evidence status: Cancer evidence is predominantly preclinical, consisting of cell-culture studies and limited animal models; there is no established human anticancer efficacy and no validated Hibiscus anticancer dosing regimen. Human RCT evidence is considerably stronger for blood-pressure reduction and some cardiometabolic effects than for cancer treatment. Hibiscus should therefore be categorized as preclinical for anticancer therapy, not as an established cancer adjunct. Oral Hibiscus preparations are generally well tolerated in short-term human studies, but clinically relevant hypotensive and glucose-lowering effects can occur, creating potential additive effects with antihypertensive or antidiabetic therapy.

Hibiscus sabdariffa Cancer-Relevant Mechanisms

Rank Pathway / Axis Cancer Cells Normal Cells TSF Primary Effect Notes / Interpretation
1 Mitochondrial and death-receptor apoptosis ↑ Bax; ↓ Bcl-2; ↑ cytochrome c; ↑ caspases; ↑ Fas/FasL ↔ or substantially less cytotoxicity (model-dependent) R/G ↑ Apoptosis Most consistently reproduced anticancer phenotype across gastric, leukemia, melanoma, prostate and breast models; both intrinsic mitochondrial and extrinsic death-receptor pathways are reported.
2 p53 and p38 MAPK stress signaling ↑ p53 phosphorylation; ↑ p38 MAPK; ↑ JNK (model-dependent) ↔ (context-dependent) R/G ↑ Stress-mediated apoptosis Particularly well characterized in gastric carcinoma; p38 MAPK/FasL signaling contributes directly to Hibiscus polyphenol-induced apoptosis.
3 Cell-cycle and RB survival control ↓ RB hyperphosphorylation; ↑ hypophosphorylated RB; ↓ proliferation ↔ (context-dependent) R/G Cell-cycle arrest and growth inhibition Protocatechuic acid from Hibiscus produced early RB modulation and Bcl-2 suppression in HL-60 leukemia cells; importance varies substantially with extract and tumor model.
4 Mitochondrial ROS and membrane potential ↑ ROS; ↓ mitochondrial membrane potential ↓ oxidative stress or ↔ (context-dependent) P/R Oxidative mitochondrial injury and apoptosis Hibiscus can act as a pro-oxidant selectively in stressed cancer cells despite its broader antioxidant reputation. Direction of ROS modulation is therefore cell-state and concentration dependent.
5 Chemosensitization ↑ response to taxol and cisplatin (model-dependent) Not established R/G ↑ Chemotherapy-induced apoptosis Reported primarily in breast-cancer cell models and associated with increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial depolarization. This remains preclinical and should not be interpreted as a validated clinical combination.
6 Autophagy and PI3K class III Beclin-1 LC3 ↑ autophagy; ↑ LC3-II; modulation of PI3K class III/Beclin-1 Not established R/G Autophagic cell death and apoptosis interaction Most clearly demonstrated with Hibiscus leaf polyphenolic extract in melanoma. Autophagy can be cytotoxic or protective depending on tumor context.
7 Akt mTOR survival signaling Modulated (model-dependent) ↔ (context-dependent) R/G Altered survival and autophagy signaling Linked particularly to Hibiscus-induced autophagy in melanoma. Evidence is less consistent than the apoptosis pathways and does not support a universal directional annotation across cancers.
8 Estrogen receptor alpha ↓ nuclear ERα activity/localization (context-dependent) Not established R/G Altered estrogen-dependent growth signaling Relevant primarily to ERα-positive breast cancer. Experimental enriched Hibiscus fractions alter ERα localization, while anthocyanins have also been investigated computationally as ERα ligands. The Nestronics ER↓ annotation is directionally plausible but currently supported there by only one paper.
9 Migration and invasion ↓ migration; ↓ invasion (model-dependent) Not established G ↓ Metastatic phenotype Observed in selected breast and other cancer models; mechanistic dependence varies with extract composition and tumor subtype.
10 Inflammatory and antioxidant signaling ↓ inflammatory signaling; ROS response ↔ or biphasic ↓ oxidative stress; ↓ inflammatory signaling R/G Reduced chronic oxidative and inflammatory stress Better supported as a systemic cardiometabolic and tissue-protective property than as a direct anticancer mechanism. Cancer cells can instead show acute ↑ ROS at cytotoxic concentrations.
11 Clinical Translation Constraint In-vitro cytotoxic concentrations frequently exceed systemic dietary exposure Human oral exposure generally tolerated at studied food/extract doses G Limits anticancer translation Low systemic bioavailability of intact anthocyanins, extensive metabolism, major extract standardization differences, absence of cancer RCTs, and reliance on high-concentration cell experiments are major limitations.

P: 0–30 min     R: 30 min–3 hr     G: >3 hr
AntiBio, Antibiotic/Antimicrobial activity: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:

Antibiotic / antimicrobial activity: The ability of a substance to suppress or kill microorganisms, especially bacteria, by disrupting microbial survival, growth, biofilm formation, cell-wall integrity, membrane function, protein synthesis, nucleic-acid synthesis, quorum sensing, or virulence.

Natural Products that might have antimicrobial properties

Natural supplement or product Principal constituents Potential antimicrobial activity Evidence assessment Reference
Garlic
Allium sativum		 Allicin, ajoene and diallyl sulfides Antibacterial and antifungal activity, with some antiviral and antiparasitic effects reported in laboratory studies. Extensive laboratory evidence, but insufficient clinical evidence to use garlic as a treatment for established infections. Tesfaye A. Revealing the therapeutic uses of garlic and its potential for drug discovery. Scientific review.
Berberine Berberine isoquinoline alkaloid May damage bacterial membranes, inhibit efflux pumps, interfere with nucleic-acid and protein synthesis, and inhibit biofilm formation. Strong preclinical evidence and limited indication-specific clinical evidence. Poor oral bioavailability and drug interactions limit its use as a general antimicrobial. Berberine as a therapeutic alkaloid against ESKAPE and multidrug-resistant bacteria: a comprehensive review.
Cranberry extract
Vaccinium macrocarpon		 A-type proanthocyanidins Primarily reduces adhesion of uropathogenic bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli, to urinary epithelial cells. May reduce recurrent urinary tract infections in selected populations. It is preventive rather than a reliable treatment for an active UTI. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Cranberry—Usefulness and Safety.
Probiotics
Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Saccharomyces boulardii 		Live microorganisms; effects are strain-specific Competitive exclusion of pathogens, production of bacteriocins, inhibition of pathogen adhesion and restoration of microbiome function. Some human evidence for antibiotic-associated diarrhea and selected gastrointestinal or vaginal indications. Results cannot be generalized from one strain to another. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements: Probiotics—Health Professional Fact Sheet.
Medical-grade honey / Manuka honey Methylglyoxal, hydrogen peroxide, defensin-1, organic acids and high osmolarity Broad topical antibacterial and antibiofilm activity; also supports autolytic debridement and wound healing. Clinically relevant primarily as a standardized, medical-grade topical wound product. Ordinary food honey is not equivalent. Jull AB et al. Honey as a topical treatment for wounds. Cochrane systematic review.
Oregano oil
Origanum vulgare		 Carvacrol and thymol Antibacterial, antifungal and antibiofilm activity, largely through disruption of microbial membranes. Strong laboratory activity, but inadequate human evidence for oral treatment of infections. Concentrated oil can cause irritation. Chemical composition, biological activity and potential uses of oregano and oregano essential oil: a review.
Thyme
Thymus vulgaris		 Thymol and carvacrol Antibacterial, antifungal and antibiofilm activity through membrane damage and altered microbial permeability. Better established as a constituent of topical antiseptic and oral-care formulations than as an oral treatment for systemic infection. PubMed literature: thyme, thymol and antimicrobial activity.
Tea tree oil
Melaleuca alternifolia		 Terpinen-4-ol and related monoterpenes Topical antibacterial and antifungal activity with some antiviral laboratory activity. Some clinical evidence for topical acne and fungal skin conditions. Tea tree oil is toxic when swallowed and may cause contact dermatitis. Carson CF et al. Melaleuca alternifolia oil: a review of antimicrobial and other medicinal properties.
Echinacea
Echinacea species		 Alkamides, caffeic-acid derivatives, polysaccharides and glycoproteins Primarily immunomodulatory; relatively weak and inconsistent direct antimicrobial activity. Evidence for preventing or shortening respiratory infections is inconsistent and preparation-dependent. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Echinacea—Usefulness and Safety.
Elderberry
Sambucus nigra		 Anthocyanins, flavonols and phenolic acids Antiviral effects have been reported in cell-culture and preclinical studies, including interference with viral entry or replication. Small human trials have examined respiratory symptoms, but evidence remains insufficient to establish treatment of influenza or other viral infections. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Elderberry.
Curcumin / turmeric
Curcuma longa		 Curcumin and related curcuminoids Antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and antibiofilm activity through multiple membrane, enzyme and signalling effects. Predominantly laboratory evidence. Poor aqueous solubility and low systemic bioavailability are major clinical limitations. Moghadamtousi SZ et al. A review on antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activity of curcumin.
Ginger
Zingiber officinale		 Gingerols, shogaols and zingerone Antibacterial and antifungal activity, including possible inhibition of microbial adhesion and biofilm formation. Primarily laboratory evidence; there is little direct clinical evidence that ginger supplements treat infections. PubMed literature: ginger, gingerols and antimicrobial activity.
Clove
Syzygium aromaticum		 Eugenol and eugenyl acetate Antibacterial, antifungal and local antiseptic activity, principally through membrane and protein disruption. Relevant mainly to topical, food-preservation and dental applications. Evidence for systemic infection treatment is insufficient. PubMed literature: clove, eugenol and antimicrobial activity.
Cinnamon
Cinnamomum species		 Cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and cinnamic acid derivatives Antibacterial, antifungal and antibiofilm activity; may alter microbial membranes and quorum-sensing pathways. Predominantly laboratory evidence. Cassia cinnamon can contribute substantial coumarin exposure when consumed in concentrated amounts. PubMed literature: cinnamon, cinnamaldehyde and antimicrobial activity.
Neem
Azadirachta indica		 Nimbidin, nimbin, nimbolide, azadirachtin and other limonoids Antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic and antibiofilm effects have been reported. Some topical and dental research exists, but systemic clinical evidence is inadequate. Oral neem preparations have important safety concerns. PubMed literature: Azadirachta indica and antimicrobial activity.
Black seed
Nigella sativa		 Thymoquinone, thymohydroquinone and related volatile compounds Antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic and possible antiviral activity. Considerable laboratory research but limited, heterogeneous clinical evidence for infectious diseases. PubMed literature: Nigella sativa, thymoquinone and antimicrobial activity.
Green tea extract
Camellia sinensis		 Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and other catechins Antibacterial, antiviral and antibiofilm activity; may damage membranes, inhibit microbial enzymes and enhance some antibiotics. Some localized oral-health evidence, but limited evidence for treating systemic infections. Concentrated extracts may cause liver injury in susceptible individuals. PubMed literature: EGCG, green tea and antimicrobial activity.
Licorice root
Glycyrrhiza species		 Glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid, liquiritigenin and other flavonoids Antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal effects have been reported in laboratory and preclinical studies. Limited clinical antimicrobial evidence. Glycyrrhizin can cause hypertension, hypokalemia, fluid retention and clinically important drug interactions. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Licorice Root.
Andrographis
Andrographis paniculata		 Andrographolide and related diterpenoid lactones Immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and possible antiviral or antibacterial activity. Some evidence for modest symptom reduction in uncomplicated respiratory infections, but this does not establish direct pathogen eradication. PubMed literature: Andrographis and respiratory infections.
Pelargonium sidoides Proanthocyanidins, phenolic acids and oxygenated coumarin derivatives Possible antiviral, antibacterial anti-adhesive and immunomodulatory activity. Some human evidence for modest symptom improvement in acute bronchitis and selected respiratory infections. It is not a substitute for antibiotics when bacterial treatment is indicated. Timmer A et al. Pelargonium sidoides extract for acute respiratory tract infections. Cochrane systematic review.
Monolaurin
Glycerol monolaurate		 Monolaurin, a monoester derived from lauric acid May disrupt lipid membranes and interfere with signalling or virulence in certain bacteria and enveloped viruses. Predominantly laboratory and animal evidence. There is insufficient clinical evidence to recommend oral monolaurin for infections. PubMed literature: glycerol monolaurate and antimicrobial activity.
Caprylic acid Octanoic acid, an eight-carbon medium-chain fatty acid Antifungal and membrane-disrupting activity, particularly against Candida species, has been reported in vitro. Insufficient human evidence for treating candidiasis or systemic fungal infection. Marketing claims commonly exceed the evidence. PubMed literature: caprylic acid and Candida.
Olive leaf extract
Olea europaea		 Oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol and elenolic-acid derivatives Antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activity has been observed in laboratory studies. Preliminary evidence only; clinical trials have not established it as a treatment for infectious disease. PubMed literature: olive leaf, oleuropein and antimicrobial activity.
Goldenseal
Hydrastis canadensis		 Hydrastine, canadine and berberine Extracts and individual alkaloids show antibacterial activity in laboratory studies. There is no good clinical evidence that goldenseal treats human infections. Product composition, absorption and drug interactions are important limitations. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Goldenseal.
Sweet wormwood / artemisinin
Artemisia annua 		Artemisinin and related sesquiterpene lactones Artemisinin derivatives are potent antimalarial agents. Additional antibacterial, antiviral and antiparasitic effects are being studied. Artemisinin-based combination therapies are established medicines, not ordinary supplements. Herbal preparations should not replace standardized malaria treatment because dose variability can promote treatment failure and resistance. World Health Organization: Guidelines for malaria.

Evidence interpretation

  • Clinical evidence: Effects have been studied in human participants, but usually for a specific preparation, route, dose and indication.
  • Preclinical evidence: Activity has mainly been demonstrated in cell culture, microbial cultures or animal models.
  • Anti-adhesive or probiotic activity: The product may reduce colonization or pathogen attachment without directly killing the microorganism.
  • Topical evidence: Results from topical use cannot be assumed to apply to an orally administered supplement.


Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
7359- HibSad,    Novel Insight into the Cellular and Molecular Signalling Pathways on Cancer Preventing Effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa: A Review - PubMed
- Review, Var, NA
AntiCan↑, TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, P53↑, P21↑, p27/CDKN1B↑, BAD↑, BAX↑, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, *AntiBio↑, *Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *BP↓, *AntiDiabetic↑, HDAC1↓, HDAC3↓, tumCV↓, LDL↓, DNAdam↑, MMP↓, *Catalase↑, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *GSH↑, *antiOx↑, *ROS↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, selectivity↑, RAS↓, Akt↓, NF-kB↓, MMP2↓, PI3K↓, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓, PCNA↓, cycA1/CCNA1↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, cycE/CCNE↓,
7364- HibSad,    Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx extract induces anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects in ovarian cancer
- in-vitro, Ovarian, OVCAR-3
*Inflam↓, *AntiBio↑, *antiOx↑, TumCMig↓, AKT1↓, cycD1/CCND1↓,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 2 of 2

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 2

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

MMP↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

AKT1↓, 1,   LDL↓, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Akt↓, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 1,   BAD↑, 1,   BAX↑, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 1,   Bcl-xL↓, 1,   Casp3↑, 1,   Casp7↑, 1,   Casp8↑, 1,   Casp9↑, 1,   p27/CDKN1B↑, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

tumCV↓, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

DNAdam↑, 1,   P53↑, 1,   PCNA↓, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ

cycA1/CCNA1↓, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 2,   cycE/CCNE↓, 1,   P21↑, 1,   TumCCA↑, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

HDAC1↓, 1,   HDAC3↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 1,   RAS↓, 1,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

MMP2↓, 1,   TumCI↓, 1,   TumCMig↓, 2,   TumCP↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

NF-kB↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

selectivity↑, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 34

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


NA, unassigned(tgid=0) ⓘ

AntiBio↑, 2,  

Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

antiOx↑, 3,   Catalase↑, 1,   GPx↑, 1,   GSH↑, 1,   ROS↓, 1,   SOD↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

Inflam↓, 2,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

BP↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiDiabetic↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 10

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: AntiBio, Antibiotic/Antimicrobial activity
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:263  Target#:1483  State#:%  Dir#:2
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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