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| Methionine (MET) restriction (MR) has been shown to arrest cancer growth and sensitizes tumors to chemotherapy. -Many cancer cells rely heavily on exogenous methionine to sustain rapid growth and proliferation because they often have impaired methionine salvage pathways. -Methionine contributes to the synthesis of glutathione, a key antioxidant. (Methionine is a precursor of glutathione, a tripeptide that reduces reactive oxygen species.) -MR diets might influence the redox state of cancer cells, increasing oxidative stress and thereby leading to cell death in metabolically compromised tumor cells. -Proliferation and growth of several types of cancer cells are inhibited by MR, while normal cells are unaffected by limiting methionine as long as homocysteine is present. -Methionine restriction is effective when the non-essential amino acid, cysteine, is absent from the diet or media. methionine is the precursor for cysteine which is essential for the formation of GSH. -Malignant cells lack the enzyme required to recycle homocysteine therefore giving methionine restriction the capacity to alter cancer cells while maintaining normal, healthy cells. While vegan diets are typically low in methionine, some nuts and legumes (such as Brazil nuts and kidney beans) are rich in methionine. Foods to avoid for MR diet: Animal Proteins: -Red Meat (Beef, Pork, Lamb): -Poultry (Chicken, Turkey): -Fish and Seafood: -Eggs: Both the egg whites and yolks are protein rich. -Dairy Products: Milk, cheese, and yogurt Certain Plant Proteins: -Soy Products: -Legumes: Protein Supplements: Foods Lower in Methionine (Often Favorable on an MR Diet) Fruits & Vegetables: leafy greens, berries, apples, and citrus fruits. Grains & Cereals: rice, oats, and barley Nuts and Seeds: can vary in methionine content. Alternative Protein Sources: emphasize protein sources with a lower methionine-to-cysteine ratio.
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| Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP (energy) in the process. It is a fundamental process for cellular energy production and occurs in the cytoplasm of cells. In normal cells, glycolysis is tightly regulated and is followed by aerobic respiration in the presence of oxygen, which allows for the efficient production of ATP. In cancer cells, however, glycolysis is often upregulated, even in the presence of oxygen. This phenomenon is known as the Warburg Mutations in oncogenes (like MYC) and tumor suppressor genes (like TP53) can alter metabolic pathways, promoting glycolysis and other anabolic processes that support cell growth.effect. Acidosis: The increased production of lactate from glycolysis can lead to an acidic microenvironment, which may promote tumor invasion and suppress immune responses. Glycolysis is a hallmark of malignancy transformation in solid tumor, and LDH is the key enzyme involved in glycolysis. Pathways: -GLUTs, HK2, PFK, PK, PKM2, LDH, LDHA, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, AMPK, HIF-1a, c-MYC, p53, SIRT6, HSP90α, GAPDH, HBT, PPP, Lactate Metabolism, ALDO Natural products targeting glycolytic signaling pathways https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9631946/ Alkaloids: -Berberine, Worenine, Sinomenine, NK007, Tetrandrine, N-methylhermeanthidine chloride, Dauricine, Oxymatrine, Matrine, Cryptolepine Flavonoids: -Oroxyline A, Apigenin, Kaempferol, Quercetin, Wogonin, Baicalein, Chrysin, Genistein, Cardamonin, Phloretin, Morusin, Bavachinin, 4-O-methylalpinumisofavone, Glabridin, Icaritin, LicA, Naringin, IVT, Proanthocyanidin B2, Scutellarin, Hesperidin, Silibinin, Catechin, EGCG, EGC, Xanthohumol. Non-flavonoid phenolic compounds: Curcumin, Resveratrol, Gossypol, Tannic acid. Terpenoids: -Cantharidin, Dihydroartemisinin, Oleanolic acid, Jolkinolide B, Cynaropicrin, Ursolic Acid, Triptolie, Oridonin, Micheliolide, Betulinic Acid, Beta-escin, Limonin, Bruceine D, Prosapogenin A (PSA), Oleuropein, Dioscin. Quinones: -Thymoquinone, Lapachoi, Tan IIA, Emodine, Rhein, Shikonin, Hypericin Others: -Perillyl alcohol, HCA, Melatonin, Sulforaphane, Vitamin D3, Mycoepoxydiene, Methyl jasmonate, CK, Phsyciosporin, Gliotoxin, Graviola, Ginsenoside, Beta-Carotene. |
| 2272- | dietMet, | Methionine restriction - Association with redox homeostasis and implications on aging and diseases |
| - | Review, | Nor, | NA |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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