Disulfiram / ChemoSen Cancer Research Results

DSF, Disulfiram: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Disulfiram is a synthetic small-molecule drug best known for its use in the treatment of chronic alcohol use disorder. It is a thiuram disulfide compound with the chemical formula C₁₀H₂₀N₂S₄ and acts primarily as an aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) inhibitor. 
Main Actions:
-Potent copper-dependent pro-oxidant
-Targets ALDH⁺ cancer stem cells
-Strong clinical repurposing interest

Key pathways
-Cu-mediated redox cycling
-Proteasome inhibition
-Mitochondrial ROS

Chemo relevance
-Often synergistic
-Highly mechanism-dependent
Rank Pathway / Axis Cancer Cells Normal Cells Label Primary Interpretation Notes
1 Metal chelation / Disulfiram–Cu complex formation ↑ DSF–Cu complex formation ↔ limited formation Driver Copper-dependent cytotoxic chemistry Elevated copper in cancer cells enables formation of cytotoxic DSF–Cu complexes; this is the initiating event for most anticancer effects
2 Proteasome / p97–NPL4 axis ↓ proteasome function; ↑ proteotoxic stress ↔ minimal disruption Driver Protein homeostasis collapse DSF–Cu disrupts protein degradation pathways, leading to accumulation of misfolded proteins and stress signaling
3 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) ↑ ROS (metal-dependent) ↔ buffered Secondary Oxidative stress amplification ROS rise follows DSF–Cu redox cycling and proteotoxic stress; not the primary trigger
4 Mitochondrial integrity / intrinsic apoptosis ↓ ΔΨm; ↑ caspase activation ↔ preserved Secondary Execution of cell death Mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis occur downstream of proteostasis and redox stress
5 ALDH activity (ALDH1A1 / stemness) ↓ ALDH activity ↓ ALDH (clinically tolerated) Secondary Cancer stem-like cell targeting ALDH inhibition preferentially impacts cancer stem-like populations; normal cells tolerate inhibition at therapeutic exposure
6 NF-κB signaling ↓ NF-κB activation ↓ inflammatory NF-κB tone Secondary Suppression of survival transcription NF-κB inhibition reflects upstream proteotoxic and redox stress rather than direct targeting
7 Cell cycle progression ↓ proliferation / ↑ arrest ↔ largely spared Phenotypic Cytostatic growth control Growth inhibition reflects impaired protein turnover and metabolic stress
8 Apoptosis / non-apoptotic death ↑ apoptosis or proteotoxic death ↔ protected Phenotypic Threshold-dependent cell death Cell death modality depends on copper availability and stress magnitude


ChemoSen, chemo-sensitization: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
The effectiveness of chemotherapy by increasing cancer cell sensitivity to the drugs used to treat them, which is known as “chemo-sensitization”.

Chemo-Sensitizers:
-Curcumin
-Resveratrol
-EGCG
-Quercetin
-Genistein
-Berberine
-Piperine: alkaloid from black pepper
-Ginsenosides: active components of ginseng
-Silymarin
-Allicin
-Lycopene
-Ellagic acid
-caffeic acid phenethyl ester
-flavopiridol
-oleandrin
-ursolic acid
-butein
-betulinic acid
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
4913- DSF,    Anticancer effects of disulfiram: a systematic review of in vitro, animal, and human studies
- Review, Var, NA
Apoptosis↑, tumCV↑, eff↑, toxicity↓, antiNeop↑, ChemoSen↑, RadioS↑, OS↑, ROS↑, SOD↓, MMP1↓, eff↑, Half-Life↓,
4914- DSF,  immuno,    Disulfiram and cancer immunotherapy: Advanced nano-delivery systems and potential therapeutic strategies
- Review, Var, NA
AntiTum↑, eff↑, ALDH↓, Dose↝, RadioS↑, angioG↓, TumMeta↓, BioAv↝, ROS↑, DNAdam↑, P-gp↓, CSCs↓, EMT↓, Imm↑, SOD↓, MAPK↓, NF-kB↓, ChemoSen↑, eff↑, toxicity↝, BioAv↑, *Inflam↓, Sepsis↓,
4915- DSF,  Cu,    Disulfiram: A novel repurposed drug for cancer therapy
- Review, Var, NA
ROS↑, TumCD↑, NF-kB↓, CSCs↓, ChemoSen↑, RadioS↑, eff↑, selectivity↑, Proteasome?,
5008- DSF,  Cu,    Overcoming the compensatory elevation of NRF2 renders hepatocellular carcinoma cells more vulnerable to disulfiram/copper-induced ferroptosis
- in-vitro, HCC, NA
selectivity↑, TumCD↑, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, angioG↓, mtDam↑, Iron↑, lipid-P↑, Ferroptosis↑, NF-kB↑, p‑p62↑, Keap1↓, eff↑, eff↓, ChemoSen↑,
5011- DSF,  Cu,    Leveraging disulfiram to treat cancer: Mechanisms of action, delivery strategies, and treatment regimens
- Review, Var, NA
BioAv↓, eff↓, ChemoSen↑, RadioS↑,
5013- DSF,  Cu,  Z,    Disulfiram inhibits activating transcription factor/cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein and human melanoma growth in a metal-dependent manner in vitro, in mice and in a patient with metastatic disease
- vitro+vivo, Melanoma, NA - Case Report, Melanoma, NA
P-gp↓, NF-kB↓, ChemoSen↑, angioG↓, TumCG↓, TumMeta↓, Remission↑, toxicity↓, ATF2↓, CREB↓, cycA1/CCNA1↓, TumCG↓, angioG↓, Dose↝, toxicity↝,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 6 of 6

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 6

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

Ferroptosis↑, 1,   Iron↑, 1,   Keap1↓, 1,   lipid-P↑, 1,   ROS↑, 3,   SOD↓, 2,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

mtDam↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

CREB↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Apoptosis↑, 1,   ATF2↓, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 1,   MAPK↓, 1,   Proteasome?, 1,   TumCD↑, 2,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

tumCV↑, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

p‑p62↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

DNAdam↑, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

cycA1/CCNA1↓, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

ALDH↓, 1,   CSCs↓, 2,   EMT↓, 1,   TumCG↓, 2,  

Migration ⓘ

MMP1↓, 1,   TumCI↓, 1,   TumCMig↓, 1,   TumMeta↓, 2,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 4,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

P-gp↓, 2,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

Imm↑, 1,   NF-kB↓, 3,   NF-kB↑, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 1,   BioAv↑, 1,   BioAv↝, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 6,   Dose↝, 2,   eff↓, 2,   eff↑, 6,   Half-Life↓, 1,   RadioS↑, 4,   selectivity↑, 2,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

antiNeop↑, 1,   AntiTum↑, 1,   OS↑, 1,   Remission↑, 1,   toxicity↓, 2,   toxicity↝, 2,  

Infection & Microbiome ⓘ

Sepsis↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 48

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

Inflam↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 1

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: ChemoSen, chemo-sensitization
6 Disulfiram
4 Copper and Cu NanoParticles
1 immunotherapy
1 Zinc
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:387  Target#:1106  State#:%  Dir#:2
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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