| Features: |
| Mung Bean Sprouts - Vigna radiata Sprouts Alternative Names: Mung bean sprouts, green gram sprouts, Vigna radiata sprouts Type: flavonoid-rich functional food Source: Germinated seeds of Vigna radiata. Active Constituents: Mung bean sprouts contain flavonoids including vitexin and isovitexin, phenolic acids, GABA, proteins, peptides, vitamins, minerals, and other antioxidant phytochemicals. Sprouting substantially alters the phytochemical and nutritional profile compared with unsprouted mung beans. Function: Mung bean sprouts exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, metabolic, and cytoprotective effects. Sprouting can increase the availability of bioactive phenolic and flavonoid compounds and modify carbohydrate, protein, and antinutritional components. Reported biological effects include modulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory signaling, glucose and lipid metabolism, and cellular stress responses. Cancer: Preclinical evidence suggests antiproliferative and antioxidant effects from mung bean sprout extracts and constituent flavonoids, including vitexin and isovitexin. Potential mechanisms include modulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory signaling, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. Direct clinical anticancer evidence for mung bean sprouts is not established. Alzheimer's Disease: Evidence is limited and primarily indirect or preclinical. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic effects of mung bean sprouts and their flavonoid constituents may be relevant to neuroprotection, but efficacy for Alzheimer's disease has not been established. -"Phenolic acids in mung bean can be divided into hydroxycinnamic acids (p-coumaric, ferulic, sinapic, and caffeic acid), hydroxybenzoic acids (gallic, syringic, protocatechuic,vanillic, and gentisic acid), and caffeoylquinic acid isomer (chlorogenic acid)"-"Flavonoids detected include flavones (vitexin, isovitexin, isovitexin-6″-O-α- L -glucoside, dulcinoside, and luteolin), flavonols (quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol), and flavanols (catechin), and several mung bean flavonoids are also found in bound forms, such as quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferol." -"The content of each phenolic compound in mung bean is greatly affected by the cultivars, the place where they grow, as well as the extraction and analytical methods. Generally, vitexin (12−300 mg/100 g) and isovitexin (3−532 mg/100 g) are usually the most abundant phenolic compounds detected, and are regarded as the major bioactive compounds in mung bean." -"several polyphenols can only be detected in seed coat rather than cotyledon, including vitexin, isovitexin, vanillic acid, and catechin" |
| Source: TCGA |
| Type: Antiapoptotic |
| Nrf2 is responsible for regulating an extensive panel of antioxidant enzymes involved in the detoxification and elimination of oxidative stress. Thought of as "Master Regulator" of antioxidant response. -One way to estimate Nrf2 induction is through the expression of NQO1. NQO1, the most potent inducer: SFN 0.2 μM, quercetin (2.5 μM), curcumin (2.7 μM), Silymarin (3.6 μM), tamoxifen (5.9 μM), genistein (6.2 μM ), beta-carotene (7.2μM), lutein (17 μM), resveratrol (21 μM), indol-3-carbinol (50 μM), chlorophyll (250 μM), alpha-cryptoxanthin (1.8 mM), and zeaxanthin (2.2 mM) 1. Raising Nrf2 enhances the cell's antioxidant defenses and ↓ROS. This strategy is used to decrease chemo-radio side effects. 2. Downregulating Nrf2 lowers antioxidant defenses and ↑ROS. In cancer cells this leads to DNA damage, and cell death. 3. However there are some cases where increasing Nrf2 paradoxically causes an increase in ROS (cancer cells). Such as cases of Mitochondial overload, signal crosstalk, reductive stress -In some cases, Nrf2 is overexpressed in cancer cells, which can lead to the activation of genes involved in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. This can contribute to the development of resistance to chemotherapy and targeted therapies. -Increased Nrf2 expression: Lung, Breast, Colorectal, Prostrate. Decreased Nrf2 expression: Skine, Liver, Pancreatic. -Nrf2 is a cytoprotective transcription factor which demonstrated both a negative effect as well as a positive effect on cancer - "promotes Nrf2 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus," means facilitates the movement of Nrf2 into the nucleus, thereby enhancing the cell's antioxidant and cytoprotective responses. -Major regulator of Nrf2 activity in cells is the cytosolic inhibitor Keap1. Nrf2 Inhibitors and Activators Nrf2 Inhibitors: Brusatol, Luteolin, Trigonelline, VitC, Retinoic acid, Chrysin Nrf2 Activators: SFN, OPZ EGCG, Resveratrol, DATS, CUR, CDDO, Api - potent Nrf2 inducers from plants include sulforaphane, curcumin, EGCG, resveratrol, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, wasabi, cafestol and kahweol (coffee), cinnamon, ginger, garlic, lycopene, rosemany Nrf2 plays dual roles in that it can protect normal tissues against oxidative damage and can act as an oncogenic protein in tumor tissue. – In healthy tissues, NRF2 activation helps protect cells from oxidative damage and maintains cellular homeostasis. – In many cancers, constitutive activation of NRF2 (often through mutations in NRF2 itself or loss-of-function mutations in KEAP1) leads to an enhanced antioxidant capacity. – This upregulation can promote tumor cell survival by enabling cancer cells to thrive under oxidative stress, resist chemotherapeutic agents, and sustain metabolic reprogramming. – Elevated NRF2 levels have been implicated in promoting tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to therapy in various malignancies. – High or sustained NRF2 activity is frequently associated with aggressive tumor phenotypes, poorer prognosis, and decreased overall survival in several cancer types. – While its activation is essential for protecting normal cells from oxidative stress, aberrant or sustained NRF2 activation in tumor cells can lead to enhanced survival, therapeutic resistance, and tumor progression. NRF2 inhibitors: (to decrease antioxidant defenses and increase cell death from ROS). -Brusatol: most cited natural inhibitors of Nrf2. -Luteolin: luteolin can reduce Nrf2 activity in specific cancer models and may enhance cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. However, luteolin is also known as an antioxidant, and its influence on Nrf2 can sometimes be context dependent. -Apigenin: certain studies to down‑regulate Nrf2 in cancer cells: Dose and context dependent . -Oridonin: -Wogonin: although its effects might be cell‑ and dose‑specific. - Withaferin A |
| 7834- | VA, | MBS, | Neuroprotective Potential of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) Polyphenols in Alzheimer's Disease: A Review |
| - | Review, | AD, | NA |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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