Garcinol / Apoptosis Cancer Research Results

GAR, Garcinol: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Found in dried fruit rind of Garcinia Indica with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial properties
Garcinia Cambogia Extract.
"We conclude that patients who are T-cadherin-positive could especially benefit from a therapy with garcinol."

🔬1) NF-κB & AP-1 Suppression
Garcinol inhibits NF-κB and AP-1 transcriptional activity in multiple cancer cell systems, reducing pro-inflammatory and pro-survival gene expression.
📚 2) Epigenetic Regulation
Garcinol is one of the few natural products shown to inhibit p300/CBP histone acetyltransferases, shifting chromatin acetylation and influencing gene expression (differentiation, apoptosis, EMT). This is more specific than general “HDAC modulation.”
💀 3) Apoptosis
Studies report modulation of the Bcl-2 family and increased caspase activity, but this is often downstream of transcription/epigenetic changes, not a direct redox trigger.
🧬 4) Cell Cycle & Proliferation
Lower Cyclin D1, higher p21/p27, and G1/S arrest are common phenotypes.
🧭 5) Invasion & Angiogenesis
Garcinol reduces MMP-2/9 and angiogenic markers in multiple tumor cell assays.

Rank Pathway / Axis Cancer Cells Normal Cells TSF Primary Effect Notes / Interpretation
1 NF-κB / AP-1 signaling NF-κB ↓; AP-1 ↓; downstream pro-survival/inflammatory outputs ↓ ↔ or anti-inflammatory modulation in immune cells R, G Pro-survival & inflammatory transcription suppression Garcinol is reported to inhibit NF-κB and AP-1 transcriptional activity, reducing inflammation and pro-growth signaling in multiple models.
2 Epigenetic regulation (HAT/HDAC modulation) Inhibition of p300/CBP histone acetyltransferase; altered acetylation patterns ↔ baseline epigenetic state R, G Gene regulatory reprogramming Garcinol directly inhibits histone acetyltransferases (especially p300/CBP), influencing chromatin state and gene expression linked to differentiation and proliferation.
3 Intrinsic apoptosis (mitochondrial / caspase-linked) ↑ Bax/Bak; ↓ Bcl-2/Bcl-xL; ↑ caspase-9/3 ↔ minimal activation in normal cells G Execution of apoptosis Often downstream of stress and survival pathway modulation; not as dominant as classic pro-oxidant molecules but consistent in many cell lines.
4 Cell-cycle checkpoints (p21/p27; Cyclin D1) Cell-cycle arrest (often G1/S); Cyclin D1 ↓ ↔ G Cytostasis Frequently reported as later phenotypic outcome tied to reduced proliferation.
5 Invasion / metastasis programs (MMPs / EMT) MMP-2/9 ↓; invasion/migration ↓; EMT markers ↓ ↔ G Anti-invasive phenotype Linked mechanistically to NF-κB/AP-1 and epigenetic changes influencing MMP expression and EMT regulators.
6 Angiogenesis signaling (VEGF & pro-angiogenic factors) VEGF ↓; pro-angiogenic markers ↓ ↔ G Anti-angiogenic support Sometimes measured in later in vivo or emulated assay systems; reflects downstream gene expression changes.
7 PI3K/AKT / survival kinases ↓ PI3K/AKT signaling (model-dependent) ↔ R, G Survival/growth suppression Modulation of survival kinases is reported in some systems but not a universal primary mechanism.
8 ROS / oxidative stress (context–dependent) ROS modulation (inconsistent across models) ↔ P, R, G Conditional stress modulation Some studies report mild ROS changes, but garcinol is not a strong pro-oxidant driver like BetA or curcumin in cancer cells.
9 Chemo-sensitization / combination relevance Enhanced sensitivity to chemotherapeutics (context) — G Combination leverage Combination effects are reported in selected cell lines/model systems; not universal.
10 Bioavailability constraint (oral exposure / formulation dependence) Systemic exposure often limited without enhanced delivery — — Translation constraint Poor native bioavailability is common across polyphenols/bzp molecules; formulations improve systemic exposure.

Time-Scale Flag (TSF): P / R / G

  • P: 0–30 min (primary/physical-chemical effects; rapid signaling / kinase shifts)
  • R: 30 min–3 hr (acute stress-response and transcription signaling)
  • G: >3 hr (gene-regulatory adaptation and phenotype-level outcomes)
Apoptosis, Apoptosis: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type: type of cell death
Situation in which a cell actively pursues a course toward death upon receiving certain stimuli.
Cancer is one of the scenarios where too little apoptosis occurs, resulting in malignant cells that will not die.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
814- GAR,  PacT,    Garcinol sensitizes breast cancer cells to Taxol through the suppression of caspase-3/iPLA2 and NF-κB/Twist1 signaling pathways in a mouse 4T1 breast tumor model
- in-vivo, BC, NA
Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, EMT↓, TumCI↓,
817- GAR,    Garcinol inhibits esophageal cancer metastasis by suppressing the p300 and TGF-β1 signaling pathways
- vitro+vivo, SCC, KYSE150 - vitro+vivo, SCC, KYSE450
HATs↓, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, CBP↓, p300↓, TGF-β↓, Ki-67↓, SMAD2↓, SMAD3↓,
818- GAR,  GB,    Garcinol Sensitizes NSCLC Cells to Standard Therapies by Regulating EMT-Modulating miRNAs
- in-vitro, Lung, A549
miR-205↑, Let-7↑, Apoptosis↑, miR-200b↑, miR-218↑,
820- GAR,    Garcinol in gastrointestinal cancer prevention: recent advances and future prospects
- Review, NA, NA
Fas↑, TRAIL↑, PARP↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, ROS↑, STAT3↓, Apoptosis↑, MMP2↓, MMP9↓,
825- GAR,    Garcinol-induced apoptosis in prostate and pancreatic cancer cells is mediated by NF- kappaB signaling
- in-vitro, Pca, LNCaP - in-vitro, Pca, Bxpc-3 - in-vitro, Pca, PC3 - in-vitro, Pca, C4-2B
TumCG↓, Apoptosis↑, NF-kB↓,
830- GAR,    Garcinol modulates tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK and subsequently induces apoptosis through down-regulation of Src, ERK, and Akt survival signaling in human colon cancer cells
- in-vitro, CRC, HT-29
TumCI↓, TumCMig↓, Apoptosis↑, p‑FAK↓, Src↓, MAPK↓, ERK↓, PI3K/Akt↓, Bax:Bcl2↑, Cyt‑c↑, MMP7↓,
831- GAR,  CUR,    Induction of apoptosis by garcinol and curcumin through cytochrome c release and activation of caspases in human leukemia HL-60 cells
- in-vitro, AML, HL-60
Apoptosis↑, Casp3↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, proCasp9↑, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, PARP↓, DNAdam↑, DFF45↓,
796- GAR,    Polyisoprenylated benzophenone, garcinol, a natural histone acetyltransferase inhibitor, represses chromatin transcription and alters global gene expression
- vitro+vivo, Pca, HeLa
HATs↓, PCAF↓, Apoptosis↑,
798- GAR,    Garcinol, an acetyltransferase inhibitor, suppresses proliferation of breast cancer cell line MCF-7 promoted by 17β-estradiol
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7
TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, ac‑H3↑, ac‑H4∅, NF-kB↓, ac‑p65↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓,
799- GAR,    Apoptosis-inducing effect of garcinol is mediated by NF-kappaB signaling in breast cancer cells
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231 - in-vitro, NMSC, MCF10
TumCG↓, Apoptosis↑, NF-kB↓,
801- GAR,  Cisplatin,    Garcinol sensitizes human head and neck carcinoma to cisplatin in a xenograft mouse model despite downregulation of proliferative biomarkers
- in-vivo, HNSCC, NA
Apoptosis↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, Bcl-2↓, survivin↓, VEGF↓, TumCG↓, Ki-67↓, CD31↓,
802- GAR,    Garcinol acts as an antineoplastic agent in human gastric cancer by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
- in-vitro, GC, HGC27
TumCP↓, TumCI↓, Apoptosis↑, PI3K/Akt↓, Akt↓, p‑mTOR↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓,
793- GAR,    Garcinol inhibits tumour cell proliferation, angiogenesis, cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis via NF-κB inhibition in oral cancer
- in-vitro, SCC, SCC9 - in-vitro, SCC, SCC4 - in-vitro, SCC, SCC25
TumCG↓, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, NF-kB↓, COX2↓, VEGF↓,
806- GAR,    Garcinol exerts anti-cancer effect in human cervical cancer cells through upregulation of T-cadherin
- vitro+vivo, Pca, HeLa - vitro+vivo, Cerv, SiHa
TumCI↓, TumCMig↓, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, T-cadherin↑,
807- GAR,    Garcinol inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells
- in-vitro, PC, PANC1 - in-vitro, PC, Bxpc-3
TumCG↓, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑,
808- GAR,  CUR,    Synergistic effect of garcinol and curcumin on antiproliferative and apoptotic activity in pancreatic cancer cells
- in-vitro, PC, Bxpc-3 - in-vitro, PC, PANC1
tumCV↓, Apoptosis↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑,
810- GAR,  GEM,    Garcinol sensitizes human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells to gemcitabine in association with microRNA signatures
- in-vitro, PC, NA
TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑, PARP↝, VEGF↝, MMPs↝, Casp↝, NF-kB↝, miR-21↝,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 17 of 17

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 17

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

ROS↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

MMP↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

PI3K/Akt↓, 2,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 17,   BAX↑, 3,   Bax:Bcl2↑, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 5,   Bcl-xL↓, 1,   Casp↝, 1,   Casp3↑, 2,   Casp9↑, 1,   proCasp9↑, 1,   CBP↓, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 2,   Fas↑, 1,   MAPK↓, 1,   survivin↓, 1,   TRAIL↑, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

ac‑H3↑, 1,   ac‑H4∅, 1,   HATs↓, 2,   miR-205↑, 1,   miR-21↝, 1,   miR-218↑, 1,   PCAF↓, 1,   tumCV↓, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

DFF45↓, 1,   DNAdam↑, 1,   PARP↓, 1,   PARP↑, 1,   PARP↝, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

cycD1/CCND1↓, 3,   TumCCA↑, 6,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

EMT↓, 1,   ERK↓, 1,   Let-7↑, 1,   p‑mTOR↓, 1,   p300↓, 1,   Src↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 1,   TumCG↓, 5,  

Migration ⓘ

CD31↓, 1,   p‑FAK↓, 1,   Ki-67↓, 2,   miR-200b↑, 1,   MMP2↓, 2,   MMP7↓, 1,   MMP9↓, 2,   MMPs↝, 1,   SMAD2↓, 1,   SMAD3↓, 1,   T-cadherin↑, 1,   TGF-β↓, 1,   TumCI↓, 5,   TumCMig↓, 3,   TumCP↓, 3,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

VEGF↓, 2,   VEGF↝, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX2↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 4,   NF-kB↝, 1,   ac‑p65↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

Ki-67↓, 2,  
Total Targets: 64

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Total Targets: 0

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: Apoptosis, Apoptosis
17 Garcinol
2 Curcumin
1 Paclitaxel
1 gefitinib, erlotinib
1 Cisplatin
1 Gemcitabine (Gemzar)
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:83  Target#:14  State#:%  Dir#:2
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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