Database Query Results : Phenylbutyrate, ,

PB, Phenylbutyrate: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Used to treat urea cycle disorders
Sodium phenylbutyrate helps remove ammonia from the body.
-Phenyl-butyrate (PB)4 is an aromatic fatty acid that is converted in vivo to phenylacetate (PA) by β-oxidation in liver and kidney mitochondria.
-In human body, phenylbutyrate is oxidized to phenylacetate, which is in turn conjugated with glutamine and eliminated in urine as phenylacetylglutamine, thereby mediating elimination of waste nitrogen
-Phenylbutyrate is one of the first drugs encountered in cancer therapy as a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI).
-Butyric acid is one of the short-chain fatty acids produced by the gut microbiota through the fermentation of dietary fiber. Butyrate is primarily recognized for its beneficial effects in the colon and is tightly linked to gut health.
-Phenylbutyrate is a derivative of butyrate that has been chemically modified by the addition of a phenyl group. This structural change increases its lipophilicity (fat solubility) and alters its metabolic fate and biological activity. This allows it to be used as a systemic drug, in contrast to the locally produced butyrate in the gut, which is rapidly metabolized by colonocytes

Pathways:
-Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor
-ER stress inhibitor (at least in normal cell)
-Can act as a chemical chaperone, helping to reduce ER stress by facilitating proper protein folding.
-Modulation of NF-κB Signaling
-Changes in pathways such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK.
-Some preclinical investigations have reported that treatment with phenylbutyrate leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, both of which can result in an increase of ROS within cancer cells.

Note: Sodium butyrate (NaBu) vs Sodium phenylbutyrate
-Sodium butyrate is primarily a research tool with limited clinical application, whereas phenylbutyrate is used clinically
-Phenylbutyrate typically exhibits improved pharmacokinetics and is more amenable to systemic use compared to sodium butyrate.
-Both compounds act as HDAC inhibitors, phenylbutyrate additionally modulates ER stress and mitochondrial function, leading to potentially greater ROS production in certain cancer cells.

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Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
2581- ART/DHA,  PB,    Synergistic cytotoxicity of artemisinin and sodium butyrate on human cancer cells
- in-vitro, AML, NA
eff↑, selectivity↑,
2067- PB,    Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibitors: Current Evidence for Therapeutic Activities in Pancreatic Cancer
- in-vitro, PC, NA
HDAC↓, HATs↑,
2054- PB,    Sodium butyrate induces ferroptosis in endometrial cancer cells via the RBM3/SLC7A11 axis
- in-vitro, EC, ISH - in-vitro, EC, HEC1B
Ferroptosis↑, xCT↓, RBM3↑, HDAC↓, ROS↑,
2055- PB,    The Effects of Butyric Acid on the Differentiation, Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Autophagy of IPEC-J2 Cells
- in-vitro, Nor, IPEC-J2
*Diff↑, *TumCP↓, *TumCCA↑, *ROS↑, *Casp3↑, *TNF-α↑,
2056- PB,    Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induces ROS Production and Activates NLRP3 Inflammasome Via the PERK-CHOP Signaling Pathway in Dry Eye Disease
- in-vitro, Nor, HCE-2
*ROS↓, *NLRP3↓, *IL1β↓, *TXNIP↑, *ER Stress↓,
2057- PB,    Trichomonas vaginalis induces apoptosis via ROS and ER stress response through ER–mitochondria crosstalk in SiHa cells
- in-vitro, Cerv, SiHa
ROS↓, tumCV∅, cl‑PARP↓, cl‑Casp3↓, MMP∅, ER Stress↓,
2058- PB,    Induction of Human-Lung-Cancer-A549-Cell Apoptosis by 4-Hydroperoxy-2-decenoic Acid Ethyl Ester through Intracellular ROS Accumulation and the Induction of Proapoptotic CHOP Expression
- in-vitro, Lung, A549
ER Stress↓,
2059- PB,    Gambogenic acid induces apoptosis and autophagy through ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress via JNK pathway in prostate cancer cells

2061- PB,  Chemo,    Complementary effects of HDAC inhibitor 4-PB on gap junction communication and cellular export mechanisms support restoration of chemosensitivity of PDAC cells
- in-vitro, PC, PANC1 - in-vitro, PC, COLO357 - in-vitro, PC, Bxpc-3
HDAC↓, Apoptosis↑, eff↑, selectivity↑, TumCCA↑, eff↑, selectivity↑,
2062- PB,    Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate induces apoptosis of human lung carcinoma cells through activating JNK pathway
- in-vitro, Lung, H460 - in-vitro, Lung, H1792 - in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, Lung, SK-LU-1 - in-vitro, Nor, HBE4-E6/E7
JNK↓, ERK↓,
2063- PB,  Rad,    Phenylbutyrate sensitizes human glioblastoma cells lacking wild-type p53 function to ionizing radiation
- in-vitro, GBM, U87MG - NA, NA, U251
RadioS↑, eff↝, P53↝,
2064- PB,  Rad,    Phenylbutyrate Attenuates the Expression of Bcl-XL, DNA-PK, Caveolin-1, and VEGF in Prostate Cancer Cells
- in-vitro, Pca, PC3 - in-vitro, Pca, DU145 - in-vitro, Pca, LNCaP
Bcl-xL↓, Cav1↓, VEGF↓, RadioS↑, chemoP↑, HDAC↓, *toxicity↓, Diff↑, Prot↓,
2065- PB,  TMZ,    Inhibition of Mitochondria- and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Autophagy Augments Temozolomide-Induced Apoptosis in Glioma Cells
- in-vitro, GBM, NA
eff↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, ER Stress↑, CHOP↑, GRP78/BiP↑, pro‑Casp12↓, eff↝, Ca+2↝,
2066- PB,  Rad,    Butyric acid prodrugs are histone deacetylase inhibitors that show antineoplastic activity and radiosensitizing capacity in the treatment of malignant gliomas
- in-vitro, GBM, U251
RadioS↑,
2025- PB,    Complete response of a recurrent, multicentric malignant glioma in a patient treated with phenylbutyrate
- Case Report, GBM, NA
Dose↝, OS↑,
2068- PB,    Phenylbutyrate-induced glutamine depletion in humans: effect on leucine metabolism
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
glut↓, NH3↓, eff↝,
2069- PB,    Toxic and metabolic effect of sodium butyrate on SAS tongue cancer cells: role of cell cycle deregulation and redox changes
- in-vitro, Tong, NA
TumCG↓, ROS↑, P21↑, CycB/CCNB1↓, cDC2↓, CDC25↓, eff↓, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑,
2070- PB,    Phenylbutyrate-induced apoptosis is associated with inactivation of NF-kappaB IN HT-29 colon cancer cells
- in-vitro, CRC, HT-29
TumCG↓, Apoptosis↑, MMP↓, Casp3↑, PARP↓, NF-kB↓, eff↑,
2074- PB,  Chemo,    The effect of combined treatment with sodium phenylbutyrate and cisplatin, erlotinib, or gefitinib on resistant NSCLC cells
- in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, Lung, Calu-6 - in-vitro, Lung, H1650
TumCG↓, eff↑, ChemoSen↑, HDAC↓,
2075- PB,  Chemo,    Preliminary Findings on the Use of Targeted Therapy in Combination with Sodium Phenylbutyrate in Colorectal Cancer after Failure of Second-Line Therapy—A Potential Strategy for Improved Survival
- Trial, CRC, NA
OS↑, HDAC↓,
2076- PB,    Sodium Butyrate Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy in Colorectal Cells: Implications for Apoptosis
- in-vitro, CRC, HCT116 - in-vitro, CRC, HT29
TumCP↓, TumAuto↑, Apoptosis↑, ER Stress↑, BID↑, CHOP↑, PDI↑, IRE1↓, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, LC3B↑, Beclin-1↑, other↝, other↝,
2077- PB,    Butyrate induces ROS-mediated apoptosis by modulating miR-22/SIRT-1 pathway in hepatic cancer cells
- in-vitro, Liver, HUH7
miR-22↑, SIRT1↓, ROS↑, Cyt‑c↑, Casp3↑, eff↓, TumCG↓, TumCP↓, HDAC↓, SIRT1↓, CD44↓, proMMP2↓, MMP↓, SOD↓,
2078- PB,    Butyrate-induced apoptosis in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells includes induction of a cell stress response
- in-vitro, CRC, HCT116
p38↑, ER Stress↑, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, TumCD↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCP↑, HSP27↓,
2421- PB,    Sodium butyrate inhibits aerobic glycolysis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via the c‐myc/hexokinase 2 pathway
- in-vitro, HCC, HCCLM3 - in-vivo, NA, NA - in-vitro, HCC, Bel-7402 - in-vitro, HCC, SMMC-7721 cell - in-vitro, Nor, L02
Glycolysis↓, Apoptosis↑, TumCP↓, lactateProd↓, GlucoseCon↓, HK2↓, ChemoSen↑, *toxicity↓, cMyc↓, PFK1↓, LDHA↓, cMyc↓, ChemoSen↑,
2429- PB,    Impact of butyrate on PKM2 and HSP90β expression in human colon tissues of different transformation stages: a comparison of gene and protein data
- in-vitro, Colon, NA
PKM2↓, *HSP90↑, HSP90∅,
4156- PB,    The HDAC inhibitor, sodium butyrate, stimulates neurogenesis in the ischemic brain
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*BDNF↑, *CREB↑,
2052- PB,    Lipid-regulating properties of butyric acid and 4-phenylbutyric acid: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic applications
- Review, NA, NA
*HDAC↓, *Half-Life↑, *Half-Life↑, *lipoGen↓, *ER Stress↓, *FAO↑, *ROS↓, *BioAv↑,
998- PB,    Phenyl butyrate inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 and contributes to its anti-cancer effect
- in-vivo, NA, NA
p‑PDH↓, PDH↑, PDK1↓, HDAC↓, Glycolysis↓, MMP↓, Apoptosis↑,
2026- PB,    Oral sodium phenylbutyrate in patients with recurrent malignant gliomas: A dose escalation and pharmacologic study
- Trial, GBM, NA
Dose↝, Dose↑, Dose↝, OS↑, HDAC↓, TumCCA↑, P21↑, other↝, BioAv↑, eff↑,
2027- PB,    Phase I dose escalation clinical trial of phenylbutyrate sodium administered twice daily to patients with advanced solid tumors
- Trial, Var, NA
TumCG↓, Dose↝, toxicity↓, Dose↝, HDAC↓, OS↑,
2028- PB,    Potential of Phenylbutyrate as Adjuvant Chemotherapy: An Overview of Cellular and Molecular Anticancer Mechanisms
- Review, Var, NA
HDAC↓, TumCCA↑, P21↑, Dose↝, Telomerase↓, IGFBP3↑, p‑p38↑, JNK↑, ERK↑, BAX↑, Casp3↑, Bcl-2↓, Cyt‑c↝, FAK↓, survivin↓, VEGF↓, angioG↓, DNArepair↓, TumMeta↓, HSP27↑, ASK1↑, ROS↑, eff↑, ER Stress↓, GRP78/BiP↓, CHOP↑, AR↓, other?,
2029- PB,    Phenylbutyric Acid: simple structure - multiple effects
- Review, Var, NA
NH3↓, HDAC↓, ChemChap↑,
2030- PB,    4-Phenylbutyric acid protects against neuronal cell death by primarily acting as a chemical chaperone rather than histone deacetylase inhibitor
- Review, Nor, NA
*HDAC↓, *neuroP↑, *ChemChap↑,
2031- PB,    Phenylbutyrate is a multifaceted drug that exerts neuroprotective effects and reverses the Alzheimer´s disease-like phenotype of a commonly used mouse model
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*neuroP↑, *HDAC↓, *ChemChap↑,
2032- PB,    Phenylbutyric acid reduces amyloid plaques and rescues cognitive behavior in AD transgenic mice
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*cognitive↑, *memory↑, *neuroP↑,
2033- PB,    Phenylbutyrate ameliorates cognitive deficit and reduces tau pathology in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*p‑tau↓, *GSK‐3β↓, *ac‑Histones↑, *neuroP↑,
2034- PB,    Protective effects of 4-phenylbutyrate derivatives on the neuronal cell death and endoplasmic reticulum stress
- in-vitro, Nor, SH-SY5Y
*ER Stress↓, *ChemChap↓, *cytoP↑, *cellD↓, *neuroP↑,
2035- PB,    Sodium Phenylbutyrate Controls Neuroinflammatory and Antioxidant Activities and Protects Dopaminergic Neurons in Mouse Models of Parkinson’s Disease
- in-vitro, Nor, glial - in-vivo, NA, NA
*ROS↓, *Inflam↑, *P21↓, *antiOx↑, *GSH↑, *NF-kB↓, *neuroP↑, *HDAC↓, *iNOS↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *LDL↓, ROS↓,
2036- PB,    Phenylbutyrate induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer and is more potent than phenylacetate
- in-vitro, Pca, NA - in-vivo, NA, NA
TumCG↓, eff↑, Diff↑,
2037- PB,    Selective activity of phenylacetate against malignant gliomas: resemblance to fetal brain damage in phenylketonuria
- in-vitro, GBM, NA - in-vivo, GBM, NA
AntiTum↑, *toxicity↓, selectivity↑, TumCG↓,
2038- PB,    A phase I dose escalation and bioavailability study of oral sodium phenylbutyrate in patients with refractory solid tumor malignancies
- Trial, Var, NA
Dose∅, *toxicity↝, BioAv↑, SD↑,
2039- PB,    TXNIP mediates the differential responses of A549 cells to sodium butyrate and sodium 4‐phenylbutyrate treatment
- in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, Nor, HEK293
TXNIP↑, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, mt-ROS↑, GlucoseCon↓, TumCP↓, TumCD↑, IGF-2↑, HDAC↓, ROS⇅,
2041- PB,    The Effect of Glucose Concentration and Sodium Phenylbutyrate Treatment on Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and ER Stress in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
- in-vitro, Nor, 3T3
*mitResp↓, *ER Stress↓, MMP↓, GlucoseCon↓, OCR↓, CHOP↑,
2042- PB,    Phenylbutyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, protects against Adriamycin-induced cardiac injury
- in-vitro, Nor, NA
*HDAC↓, *toxicity↓, *LDH↓, *SOD2↑, *ROS↓, *cardioP↑, *antiOx↑,
2043- PB,  Cisplatin,    Phenylbutyrate interferes with the Fanconi anemia and BRCA pathway and sensitizes head and neck cancer cells to cisplatin
- in-vitro, HNSCC, UM-SCC-1
ChemoSen↑, eff↑, HDAC↓, BRCA1↓, RadioS↑,
2044- PB,  DCA,    Differential inhibition of PDKs by phenylbutyrate and enhancement of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity by combination with dichloroacetate
- in-vivo, NA, NA
PDK1↓, PDKs↓, eff↑, PDH↑,
2045- PB,    Phenylbutyrate—a pan-HDAC inhibitor—suppresses proliferation of glioblastoma LN-229 cell line
- in-vitro, GBM, LN229 - in-vitro, GBM, LN-18
HDAC↓, TumCG↓, TumCCA↑, P21↑, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓, BioAv↑,
2046- PB,    Sodium butyrate promotes apoptosis in breast cancer cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and mitochondrial impairment
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-468 - in-vitro, Nor, MCF10
Apoptosis↑, i-ROS?, Casp↑, MMP?, selectivity↑, *ROS∅, HDAC↓, DNArepair↓, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, *toxicity↓, TumCCA↑,
2048- PB,    Sodium Phenylbutyrate Inhibits Tumor Growth and the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro and In Vivo
- in-vitro, OS, CAL27 - in-vitro, Oral, HSC3 - in-vitro, OS, SCC4 - in-vivo, NA, NA
*NH3↓, *HDAC↓, *ER Stress↓, Apoptosis?, Bcl-2↓, cl‑Casp3↑, TGF-β↑, N-cadherin↓, E-cadherin↑, TumVol↓, eff↑,
2049- PB,    Modifying histones to tame cancer: clinical development of sodium phenylbutyrate and other histone deacetylase inhibitors
- Review, Var, NA
HDAC↓, ac‑H3↑, ac‑H4↑, ac‑H3↑, eff↝, toxicity↓,
2051- PB,    Beneficial Effects of Sodium Phenylbutyrate Administration during Infection with Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium
- in-vivo, Inf, NA
*Inf↓, *GutMicro↑, *IL17↑, *Inflam↓, *ER Stress↓, *ROS↓, *OS↑, *Bacteria↓, *Neut↑, *toxicity↓,
2053- PB,    4-Phenyl butyric acid prevents glucocorticoid-induced osteoblast apoptosis by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress
- in-vitro, ostP, 3T3
*ER Stress↓, *mtDam↓, *Apoptosis↓, eff↑,
4170- ProBio,  PB,    Prebiotic feeding elevates central brain derived neurotrophic factor, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunits and d-serine
- in-vivo, NA, NA
*BDNF↑, *GutMicro↑,

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 53

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

Ferroptosis↑, 1,   ROS↓, 2,   ROS↑, 5,   ROS⇅, 1,   i-ROS?, 1,   mt-ROS↑, 1,   SOD↓, 1,   xCT↓, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

CDC25↓, 1,   MMP?, 1,   MMP↓, 5,   MMP∅, 1,   OCR↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

Cav1↓, 1,   cMyc↓, 2,   GlucoseCon↓, 3,   glut↓, 1,   Glycolysis↓, 2,   HK2↓, 1,   lactateProd↓, 1,   LDHA↓, 1,   NH3↓, 2,   PDH↑, 2,   p‑PDH↓, 1,   PDK1↓, 2,   PDKs↓, 1,   PFK1↓, 1,   PKM2↓, 1,   SIRT1↓, 2,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Apoptosis?, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 8,   ASK1↑, 1,   BAX↑, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 3,   Bcl-xL↓, 2,   BID↑, 1,   Casp↑, 1,   pro‑Casp12↓, 1,   Casp3↑, 6,   cl‑Casp3↓, 1,   cl‑Casp3↑, 1,   Casp7↑, 2,   Casp8↑, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 1,   Cyt‑c↝, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 1,   JNK↓, 1,   JNK↑, 1,   p38↑, 1,   p‑p38↑, 1,   survivin↓, 1,   Telomerase↓, 1,   TumCD↑, 2,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

ac‑H3↑, 2,   ac‑H4↑, 1,   HATs↑, 1,   other?, 1,   other↝, 3,   Prot↓, 1,   SD↑, 1,   tumCV∅, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

ChemChap↑, 1,   CHOP↑, 4,   ER Stress↓, 3,   ER Stress↑, 3,   GRP78/BiP↓, 1,   GRP78/BiP↑, 1,   HSP27↓, 1,   HSP27↑, 1,   HSP90∅, 1,   IRE1↓, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

Beclin-1↑, 1,   LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, 1,   LC3B↑, 1,   TumAuto↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

BRCA1↓, 1,   DNArepair↓, 2,   P53↝, 1,   PARP↓, 1,   cl‑PARP↓, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

CycB/CCNB1↓, 1,   P21↑, 4,   TumCCA↑, 6,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

CD44↓, 1,   cDC2↓, 1,   Diff↑, 2,   ERK↓, 1,   ERK↑, 1,   HDAC↓, 17,   IGF-2↑, 1,   IGFBP3↑, 1,   TumCG↓, 8,  

Migration ⓘ

Ca+2↝, 1,   E-cadherin↑, 1,   FAK↓, 1,   miR-22↑, 1,   proMMP2↓, 1,   N-cadherin↓, 1,   TGF-β↑, 1,   TumCP↓, 4,   TumCP↑, 1,   TumMeta↓, 1,   TXNIP↑, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 1,   PDI↑, 1,   VEGF↓, 2,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

NF-kB↓, 1,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors ⓘ

AR↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↑, 3,   ChemoSen↑, 4,   Dose↑, 1,   Dose↝, 6,   Dose∅, 1,   eff↓, 2,   eff↑, 13,   eff↝, 4,   RadioS↑, 4,   selectivity↑, 5,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

AR↓, 1,   BRCA1↓, 1,   RBM3↑, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiTum↑, 1,   chemoP↑, 1,   OS↑, 4,   toxicity↓, 2,   TumVol↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 126

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 2,   GSH↑, 1,   ROS↓, 5,   ROS↑, 1,   ROS∅, 1,   SOD2↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

mitResp↓, 1,   mtDam↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

CREB↑, 1,   FAO↑, 1,   ac‑Histones↑, 1,   LDH↓, 1,   LDL↓, 1,   lipoGen↓, 1,   NH3↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Apoptosis↓, 1,   Casp3↑, 1,   cellD↓, 1,   iNOS↓, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

ChemChap↓, 1,   ChemChap↑, 2,   ER Stress↓, 7,   HSP90↑, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

P21↓, 1,   TumCCA↑, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

Diff↑, 1,   GSK‐3β↓, 1,   HDAC↓, 6,  

Migration ⓘ

TumCP↓, 1,   TXNIP↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

IL17↑, 1,   IL1β↓, 2,   Inflam↓, 1,   Inflam↑, 1,   Neut↑, 1,   NF-kB↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 1,   TNF-α↑, 1,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission ⓘ

BDNF↑, 2,   p‑tau↓, 1,  

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

NLRP3↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↑, 1,   Half-Life↑, 2,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

GutMicro↑, 2,   LDH↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

cardioP↑, 1,   cognitive↑, 1,   cytoP↑, 1,   memory↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 6,   OS↑, 1,   toxicity↓, 6,   toxicity↝, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome ⓘ

Bacteria↓, 1,   Inf↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 55

Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:15  Target#:%  State#:%  Dir#:%
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