Database Query Results : Vitamin B12, ,

VitB12, Vitamin B12: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:

Vitamin B12 = cobalamin (water-soluble vitamin; forms: methylcobalamin, adenosylcobalamin, cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin). Sources: animal-derived foods; requires intrinsic factor–mediated absorption; transport via transcobalamin (TCII). Primary mechanisms (ranked):
1) Methionine synthase cofactor → homocysteine → methionine → SAM → DNA/RNA/histone methylation (one-carbon metabolism integration).
2) Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase cofactor → odd-chain FA / branched-chain AA metabolism; mitochondrial anaplerosis support.
3) Genome stability support (via nucleotide synthesis + methylation balance).
Bioavailability/PK relevance: Active absorption saturable (~1–2 µg/meal via IF); passive diffusion at high oral doses (~1%); serum levels tightly regulated; intracellular utilization depends on TCII uptake and lysosomal processing.
In-vitro vs oral exposure: Most cancer cell studies use supraphysiologic cobalamin or manipulate one-carbon flux; effects typically reflect methylation / nucleotide synthesis dependency rather than direct cytotoxicity.
Clinical evidence status: Essential nutrient; deficiency correction clearly beneficial; no established anticancer efficacy; epidemiology mixed (very high serum B12 sometimes correlates with cancer presence—likely reverse causality/biomarker phenomenon rather than causation).

Helps make red blood cells, metabolize food and prevent nerve damage.

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) — Cancer vs Normal Pathway Effects

Rank Pathway / Axis Cancer Cells (↑ / ↓ / ↔) Normal Cells (↑ / ↓ / ↔) TSF Primary Effect Notes / Interpretation
1 One-carbon metabolism (Methionine synthase → SAM) ↑ methylation capacity; ↑ nucleotide synthesis (proliferation support) ↑ genome stability; ↑ normal DNA synthesis R→G Methyl donor cycling Supports SAM production; in rapidly dividing tumors may facilitate growth if not limiting.
2 DNA methylation / Epigenetics ↔ / ↑ (context-dependent; can restore normal methylation if deficient) ↑ methylation homeostasis G Epigenetic stability Deficiency → hypomethylation/genomic instability; supplementation restores baseline rather than inducing supraphysiologic hypermethylation in most settings.
3 Nucleotide synthesis (via folate cycle coupling) ↑ proliferation support (if B12 limiting) ↑ normal hematopoiesis R→G DNA replication capacity Mechanistically linked to folate; deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia.
4 Mitochondrial metabolism (Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase) ↔ (supports baseline metabolism) ↑ mitochondrial function R Anaplerotic support Prevents methylmalonic acid accumulation; preserves mitochondrial efficiency.
5 ROS ↔ (indirect) ↓ oxidative stress (deficiency correction) R Redox balance (secondary) Effects mediated through improved mitochondrial and methylation balance.
6 NRF2 ↔ (no direct axis) ↔ G Adaptive response (indirect) No primary NRF2-targeting activity established.
7 Ca2+ ↔ ↔ P Not a core pathway No meaningful Ca²⁺ modulation axis.
8 HIF-1α / Warburg ↔ (indirect via proliferation capacity) ↔ G Metabolic permissiveness No direct hypoxia pathway targeting; effects are permissive rather than suppressive.
9 Ferroptosis ↔ ↔ R Not established No defined ferroptotic mechanism.
10 Clinical Translation Constraint Essential nutrient; correction of deficiency critical. No validated anticancer benefit; very high serum B12 often reflects disease state rather than supplementation causality. — Evidence Interpret epidemiologic associations cautiously (reverse causation common).

TSF legend: P: 0–30 min | R: 30 min–3 hr | G: >3 hr
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
3941- 5HT,  dietMed,  VitB12,  FA,  VitC  Nutrition strategies that improve cognitive function
- Review, AD, NA
*other↑, *other↓, *cognitive↑, *eff↑, *eff↑,
4061- betaCar,  VitB12,  VitB6,  FA,  VitB3  Revisiting the Role of Vitamins and Minerals in Alzheimer’s Disease
- Review, AD, NA
*cognitive↑, *cognitive↑, *Inflam↓, *homoC↓, *TNF-α↓, *other↝, *memory↑,
2175- Chemo,  VitB12,  FA,    Systemic Chemotherapy Interferes in Homocysteine Metabolism in Breast Cancer Patients
- Study, BC, NA
other↓, other↝, homoC↓, eff↝, other↝,
4261- Chol,  VitB12,  FA,  VitB2,    B-Vitamin and Choline Supplementation Changes the Ischemic Brain
- Study, Stroke, NA
*BDNF↑, *homoC↓,
2174- FA,  VitB12,   
- Analysis, Var, NA
homoC↓, eff↑, eff↑, eff↑, eff↝, homoC↝, other?,
4064- FA,  VitB6,  VitB12,    High-dose B vitamin supplementation and cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease: a randomized controlled trial
- Trial, AD, NA
*homoC↓, *cognitive∅,
4074- FA,  VitB12,    Associations between Alzheimer's disease and blood homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate: a case-control study
- Trial, AD, NA
*cognitive↑, *homoC↓, *other↝, *other↝,
2173- FA,  VitB12,    Elevated serum homocysteine levels associated with poor recurrence-free and overall survival in patients with colorectal cancer
- Study, CRC, NA
Risk↓, eff↝, eff↝, homoC↓,
2176- FA,  VitB12,    Hyperhomocysteinemia and Cancer: The Role of Natural Products and Nutritional Interventions
- Review, Var, NA
homoC↓, eff↝,
4063- Flav,  VitB12,  VitB6,    Homocysteine and Dementia: An International Consensus Statement
- Review, AD, NA
*homoC↓, *cognitive↑,
3939- SAMe,  VitB12,  ALC,    Efficacy of a Vitamin/Nutriceutical Formulation for Moderate-stage to Later-stage Alzheimer's disease: A Placebo-controlled Pilot Study
- Trial, NA, NA
*cognitive↑, *Mood↑,
4067- VitB12,  VitB6,  VitD3,    Plants, Plants, and More Plants: Plant-Derived Nutrients and Their Protective Roles in Cognitive Function, Alzheimer's Disease, and Other Dementias
- Review, AD, NA
*cognitive↑,
4066- VitB12,  VitB6,  FA,    Vitamin B6, B12, and Folate’s Influence on Neural Networks in the UK Biobank Cohort
- Study, AD, NA
*other↓, *other↑, *other↑,
4318- VitB12,    Unraveling the molecular mechanisms of vitamin deficiency in Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology
- Review, AD, NA
*homoC↓, *cognitive↑,
4058- VitB12,  VitB6,  FA,    The preventive efficacy of vitamin B supplements on the cognitive decline of elderly adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Review, AD, NA
*homoC↓, *cognitive↑,
4056- VitB12,  VitB6,  FA,    Vitamin B12, B6, or Folate and Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Review, AD, NA
*Risk∅, *cognitive↑, *cognitive∅,
4054- VitB12,  VitB6,  FA,    Role of B vitamins in modulating homocysteine and metabolic pathways linked to brain atrophy: Metabolomics insights from the VITACOG trial
- Study, AD, NA
*homoC↓, *neuroP↑, *cognitive↑,
4053- VitB12,  VitB6,  FA,    Vitamins in Alzheimer’s Disease—Review of the Latest Reports
- Review, AD, NA
*cognitive↑, *homoC↓, *SAM-e↓,
4050- VitB12,  VitD3,  VitE,    Nutrient intake, nutritional status, and cognitive function with aging
- Review, AD, NA
neuroP↑,
4048- VitB12,    Plasma Homocysteine and Serum Folate and Vitamin B12 Levels in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Case-Control Study
- Study, AD, NA
*homoC↓, *other↝, *other↝,
4047- VitB12,    Cognitive impairment and vitamin B12: a review
- Review, AD, NA
*cognitive↝,
4046- VitB12,    Plasma Vitamin B-12 Levels and Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Case-Control Study
- Study, AD, NA
*cognitive↑,
4045- VitB12,  FA,    Cognitive and clinical outcomes of homocysteine-lowering B-vitamin treatment in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial
- Trial, AD, NA
*homoC↓, *cognitive↑, *memory↑, *other↑,
4043- VitB12,  FA,    Preventing Alzheimer's disease-related gray matter atrophy by B-vitamin treatment
- Trial, AD, NA
*other↑, *other↑, *eff↝, *homoC↓, *cognitive↑,
4042- VitB12,    Genetic determinants of low vitamin B12 levels in Alzheimer's disease risk
- Review, AD, NA
*cognitive∅,
4041- VitB12,    Thoughts on B-vitamins and dementia
- Review, AD, NA
*cognitive↑, *other↝,
4040- VitB12,  FA,    Role of vitamin B12 and folic acid in treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: a meta-analysis of randomized control trials
- Review, AD, NA
*memory↑, *neuroP↑, *cognitive↑, *QoL∅,
4038- VitB12,    Vitamin B12 and Age-Related Cognitive Decline—Dementia and “Alzheimer’s Disease”
- Review, AD, NA
*cognitive↑,
4037- VitB12,  FA,    Mechanistic Link between Vitamin B12 and Alzheimer’s Disease
- Review, AD, NA
*antiOx↑, *ROS↓, *GSH↑, *Inflam↓, *IL6↓, *TNF-α↓, *other↑, *other↑, *other↑, *Aβ↓, *memory↑, *p‑tau↓, *APP↓, *BACE↓, *ATP↑, *neuroP↑,
4057- VitB6,  VitB12,  FA,    Folate, Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B12 Intake and Mild Cognitive Impairment and Probable Dementia in the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study
- Study, AD, NA
*Risk↓, *Risk∅,
4062- VitB6,  FA,  VitB12,    Vitamin B6, B9, and B12 Intakes and Cognitive Performance in Elders: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011–2014
- Study, AD, NA
*Risk↓, *Risk↓, *Risk↓, *cognitive↑,
4065- VitB6,  VitB12,  FA,    Vitamin B6, B12, and Folic Acid Supplementation and Cognitive Function
- Review, AD, NA
*cognitive∅, *cognitive↑,
4077- VitB6,  FA,  VitB12,  VitD3,  VitE  Vitamin Supplementation as an Adjuvant Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease
- Review, AD, NA
*antiOx↑, *cognitive↑, *homoC↓, *Risk↓, *Risk↓, *Risk↓, *other↝, *Dose↝, *Risk↓, *Risk↓,

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 33

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

homoC↓, 4,   homoC↝, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

other?, 1,   other↓, 1,   other↝, 2,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

eff↑, 3,   eff↝, 5,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

neuroP↑, 1,   Risk↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 9

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 2,   GSH↑, 1,   ROS↓, 1,   SAM-e↓, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

ATP↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

homoC↓, 13,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

other↓, 2,   other↑, 9,   other↝, 7,  

Migration ⓘ

APP↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

IL6↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 2,   TNF-α↓, 2,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission ⓘ

BDNF↑, 1,   p‑tau↓, 1,  

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

Aβ↓, 1,   BACE↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

Dose↝, 1,   eff↑, 2,   eff↝, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

IL6↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

cognitive↑, 21,   cognitive↝, 1,   cognitive∅, 4,   memory↑, 4,   Mood↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 3,   QoL∅, 1,   Risk↓, 9,   Risk∅, 2,  
Total Targets: 30

Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:165  Target#:%  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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