| Rank |
Pathway / Axis |
Cancer / Tumor Context |
Normal Tissue Context |
TSF |
Primary Effect |
Notes / Interpretation |
| 1 |
Muscle preservation (mechanotransduction) |
Sarcopenia mitigation ↑; physical function ↑ |
Muscle strength ↑; neuromuscular activation ↑ |
R, G |
Rehabilitation support |
WBV stimulates muscle spindle activation and improves muscle recruitment; useful in cancer-related deconditioning. |
| 2 |
Bone remodeling (RANKL / OPG axis) |
Bone density support (context; metastasis caution) |
Osteogenesis ↑; bone turnover balance |
G |
Skeletal support |
Mechanical loading influences osteoblast activity; caution in patients with bone metastases. |
| 3 |
Circulatory enhancement |
Peripheral circulation ↑; fatigue ↓ (reported) |
Microcirculation ↑ |
P, R |
Perfusion support |
Improved blood flow may assist recovery and reduce fatigue. |
| 4 |
Inflammatory modulation |
Inflammatory cytokines ↓ (exercise-like response; reported) |
Systemic inflammation moderation |
R, G |
Anti-inflammatory (supportive) |
Effects resemble mild exercise-induced anti-inflammatory signaling. |
| 5 |
Endocrine / myokine signaling |
IGF-1 modulation (context-dependent) |
Exercise-like endocrine shifts |
R |
Hormonal modulation |
Mechanical stimulation can alter anabolic and metabolic signaling. |
| 6 |
Immune modulation |
Immune tone modulation (limited data) |
↔ |
R |
Systemic support |
Evidence limited; potential indirect immune benefits via improved physical conditioning. |
| 7 |
Warburg metabolism |
No direct effect on tumor glycolysis |
↔ |
— |
Not applicable |
WBV is not a metabolic enzyme inhibitor or direct tumor-targeting modality. |
| 8 |
Quality of life / fatigue |
Fatigue ↓; functional capacity ↑ |
Improved mobility |
G |
Supportive care |
Most consistent clinical benefit in oncology populations. |
| 9 |
Safety considerations |
Caution in bone metastases, thrombosis risk |
Generally safe when supervised |
— |
Clinical constraint |
Contraindicated or modified in patients with unstable fractures or severe metastatic bone disease. |
| 10 |
Evidence base |
Primarily supportive care data |
— |
— |
Translation constraint |
No strong evidence for direct tumor suppression; used as adjunct rehabilitation tool. |
| Rank |
Pathway / Axis |
AD / Neurodegeneration Context |
Normal Brain Context |
TSF |
Primary Effect |
Notes / Interpretation |
| 1 |
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) |
CBF ↑ (reported in small studies) |
Improved perfusion |
P, R |
Neurovascular support |
Mechanical stimulation may enhance cerebral perfusion, relevant in vascular contributions to AD. |
| 2 |
Neuroinflammation (microglial activation) |
Microglial activation ↓; cytokines ↓ (reported in animal models) |
Inflammatory tone moderation |
R, G |
Anti-inflammatory support |
Preclinical models show reduced TNF-α and IL-1β expression. |
| 3 |
BDNF / neurotrophic signaling |
BDNF ↑ (exercise-like response; reported) |
Synaptic plasticity support |
R, G |
Neuroplasticity enhancement |
WBV may mimic some exercise-induced neurotrophic effects. |
| 4 |
Synaptic plasticity / hippocampal function |
Memory performance ↑ (model-dependent) |
Synaptic resilience ↑ |
G |
Cognitive support |
Rodent studies suggest improved hippocampal function; human evidence limited. |
| 5 |
Mitochondrial function |
Indirect metabolic support (via perfusion/exercise signaling) |
Energy metabolism support |
R |
Bioenergetic stabilization |
Effects are secondary to improved circulation and systemic conditioning. |
| 6 |
Oxidative stress |
ROS markers ↓ (reported in some models) |
Redox balance support |
R, G |
Antioxidant modulation |
Likely secondary to anti-inflammatory and vascular improvements. |
| 7 |
Sarcopenia / frailty axis |
Muscle strength ↑; fall risk ↓ |
Neuromuscular activation ↑ |
G |
Functional resilience |
Indirectly important in AD due to frailty-cognition relationship. |
| 8 |
Amyloid / tau pathology |
Limited direct evidence; possible indirect modulation |
↔ |
G |
Uncertain disease-modifying effect |
No strong evidence for direct Aβ or tau clearance; effects likely indirect. |
| 9 |
Clinical cognitive outcomes |
Small improvements reported in mobility and executive function |
↔ |
G |
Adjunct cognitive support |
Human trials are small and exploratory; not established therapy. |
| 10 |
Safety considerations |
Caution in advanced frailty, severe osteoporosis |
Generally safe when supervised |
— |
Clinical constraint |
Protocol must be individualized; fall risk assessment required. |