Database Query Results : chitosan, ,

Chit, chitosan: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Chitosan is a naturally occurring polysaccharide derived from the exoskeletons of crustaceans, such as crabs and shrimp.
Chitosan is a cationic polysaccharide derived from chitin (commonly from crustacean shells). In oncology contexts, chitosan itself is not primarily a direct cytotoxic compound but is widely studied for its immunomodulatory effects, antitumor adjuvant activity, and drug delivery enhancement. Mechanistically, chitosan and its derivatives can activate macrophages, enhance NK cell activity, and stimulate cytokine production (e.g., IL-12, TNF-α), contributing to anti-tumor immune responses in preclinical models. Low–molecular weight chitosan and modified forms have also been reported to inhibit angiogenesis, modulate tumor microenvironment acidity, interfere with metastasis, and induce apoptosis in some in vitro systems. A major translational role of chitosan is as a nanoparticle carrier for chemotherapeutics, genes, and immunotherapies, improving stability and targeted delivery. Effects vary significantly depending on molecular weight, degree of deacetylation, and formulation.
Chitosan has been shown to inhibit the growth of various types of cancer cells, including breast, lung, and colon cancer cells.
Chitosan has been shown to inhibit angiogenesis, stimulate the immune system, and anti-inflammatory.

Chitosan is only soluble in acidic settings, hence limiting its use in neutral or alkaline pH circumstances

Cancer Pathway Table: Chitosan

Rank Pathway / Axis Cancer / Tumor Context Normal Tissue Context TSF Primary Effect Notes / Interpretation
1 Innate immune activation (macrophages, NK cells) NK activity ↑; macrophage activation ↑ (reported) Immune surveillance support R, G Immunostimulatory Chitosan can activate antigen-presenting cells and enhance anti-tumor immunity in preclinical models.
2 Cytokine modulation (IL-12, TNF-α, IFN-γ) Pro-immune cytokines ↑ (reported) Immune tone modulation R, G Immune activation Immunomodulatory effects vary with formulation and molecular weight.
3 Angiogenesis signaling (VEGF) VEGF ↓ (reported in some models) ↔ G Anti-angiogenic (context-dependent) Low-molecular-weight and modified derivatives have shown anti-angiogenic activity in vitro.
4 Apoptosis induction (derivative-dependent) Caspase activation ↑ (reported in vitro) Minimal cytotoxicity at moderate exposure G Context-dependent apoptosis Native chitosan is weakly cytotoxic; effects depend strongly on molecular size and chemical modification.
5 Metastasis / adhesion modulation Tumor cell adhesion ↓; invasion ↓ (reported) ↔ G Anti-metastatic (model-dependent) May interfere with extracellular matrix interactions and tumor cell migration.
6 Drug delivery enhancement (nanoparticle carrier) Improved chemo uptake; targeted delivery ↑ Drug exposure optimization P, R, G Delivery platform Major oncology relevance is as a carrier for chemotherapeutics, siRNA, DNA, and immunotherapies.
7 Tumor microenvironment modulation (acid buffering; charge interaction) May alter local tumor acidity and cell interactions ↔ R, G Microenvironment modulation Cationic nature allows electrostatic interaction with tumor cell membranes and acidic microenvironment.
8 Redox / ROS effects Mild ROS modulation (context-dependent) Antioxidant properties reported in some systems P, R Redox modulation (minor) Not primarily a redox-active compound; effects secondary to immune or metabolic modulation.
9 Combination therapy synergy Chemo sensitivity ↑ (reported) ↔ G Adjunct platform Often improves stability, targeting, and bioavailability of conventional anticancer agents.
10 Safety / translational constraint Low systemic toxicity (generally) Biocompatible; GI tolerance generally good — Biomaterial constraint Effects depend heavily on molecular weight and degree of deacetylation; shellfish allergy considerations.

TSF: P = 0–30 min (surface interactions), R = 30 min–3 hr (immune signaling shifts), G = >3 hr (phenotype and immune outcomes).



Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
4548- AgNPs,  Chit,    Synergistic combination of antioxidants, silver nanoparticles and chitosan in a nanoparticle based formulation: Characterization and cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7
AntiCan↑, EPR↑, pH↝,
4587- AgNPs,  Chit,    Multifunctional Silver Nanoparticles Based on Chitosan: Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, Antifungal, Antioxidant, and Wound-Healing Activities
- in-vitro, NA, NA
*Bacteria↓, *Wound Healing↑,
4592- AgNPs,  Chit,    Chitosan conjugated silver nanoparticles: the versatile antibacterial agents
- in-vitro, NA, NA
*Bacteria↓,
4399- AgNPs,  Chit,    Silver nanoparticles impregnated alginate-chitosan-blended nanocarrier induces apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells
- in-vitro, GBM, U87MG
DNAdam↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, eff↑,
380- AgNPs,  QC,  CA,  Chit,    Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities
- in-vitro, MG, U118MG
TumCG↓,
4591- AgNPs,  Chit,    Synthesis and Characterization of Multifunctional Chitosan–Silver Nanoparticles: An In-Vitro Approach for Biomedical Applications
- in-vitro, NA, NA
*Bacteria↓, *Wound Healing↑,
4593- AgNPs,  Chit,    Chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles promoted antibacterial, antibiofilm, wound-healing of murine macrophages and antiproliferation of human breast cancer MCF 7 cells
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7
*Bacteria↓, *Wound Healing↑, TumCG↓,
4588- AgNPs,  Chit,    Solid-state tailored silver nanocomposites from chitosan: Synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation and molecular docking
- in-vitro, NA, NA
*Bacteria↓,
4590- AgNPs,  Chit,    Silver nanochitosan: a sustainable approach for enhanced antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer applications
- in-vitro, NA, NA
*Bacteria↓, *Wound Healing↑,
4589- AgNPs,  Chit,    Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan–Silver Nanocomposite Film: Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity Study
- in-vitro, NA, NA
*Bacteria↓,
1405- BBR,  Chit,    Chitosan/alginate nanogel potentiate berberine uptake and enhance oxidative stress mediated apoptotic cell death in HepG2 cells
- in-vitro, Liver, HepG2
*BioAv↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, TumCP↓,
4482- Chit,    Hyaluronic acid-coated chitosan nanoparticles induce ROS-mediated tumor cell apoptosis and enhance antitumor efficiency by targeted drug delivery via CD44
- in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, Liver, HepG2
EPR↑, mtDam↑, ROS↑, Apoptosis↑,
4479- Chit,    Chitosan nanoparticles triggered the induction of ROS-mediated cytoprotective autophagy in cancer cells
- in-vitro, Cerv, HeLa - in-vitro, HCC, SMMC-7721 cell
TumAuto↑, ROS↑, eff↓,
4487- Chit,  PreB,    Unravelling the Role of Chitin and Chitosan in Prebiotic Activity and Correlation With Cancer: A Narrative Review
- Review, NA, NA
*GutMicro↑, Apoptosis↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, *Inflam↓, AntiTum↑,
4489- Chit,  SeNPs,    Inhibiting Metastasis and Improving Chemosensitivity via Chitosan-Coated Selenium Nanoparticles for Brain Cancer Therapy
- in-vitro, GBM, U87MG
TumCG↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, ChemoSen↑, *BBB↑, eff↑, eff↑, eff↑, selectivity↑, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, EPR↑,
4490- Chit,  FA,    Chitosan Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems: Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
- Review, NA, NA
EPR↑, *BioAv↑, *eff↑, *other↝, *Insulin↑, *Bacteria↓, eff↑, ChemoSen↑,
4493- Chit,  Selenate,  Se,    A novel synthetic chitosan selenate (CS) induces apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells via the Fas/FasL pathway
- in-vitro, Lung, A549
tumCV↓, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, Fas↑, FasL↑, FADD↑, Casp↑,
4481- Chit,    Antioxidant Properties and Redox-Modulating Activity of Chitosan and Its Derivatives: Biomaterials with Application in Cancer Therapy
- Review, Var, NA
*BioAv↑, *toxicity↓, *antiOx↑, AntiCan↑, *Inflam↓, *ROS↓, *lipid-P↓, MDA↓, selectivity↑, MMP↓, ROS↑, TumCCA↑, MDA↑, GSH↓, ChemoSen↑,
4478- Chit,    Chitosan promotes ROS-mediated apoptosis and S phase cell cycle arrest in triple-negative breast cancer cells: evidence for intercalative interaction with genomic DNA
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231 - in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, BC, T47D
TumCP↓, selectivity↑, MMP↓, ROS↑, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, Casp3↑,
4477- Chit,    Recent Advances in Chitosan and its Derivatives in Cancer Treatment
- Review, NA, NA
*BioAv↑, AntiTum↑, eff↑, TumCG↓, angioG↓, TumMeta↓, eff↑, *toxicity↓, other↝,
4476- Chit,    Chitosan decreases total cholesterol in women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
- Trial, NA, NA
*LDL↓,
4475- Chit,    Cholesterol-lowering properties and safety of chitosan
- Review, Nor, NA
*Weight↝, *LDL↓,
428- Chit,  docx,  CUR,    Chitosan-based nanoparticle co-delivery of docetaxel and curcumin ameliorates anti-tumor chemoimmunotherapy in lung cancer
- vitro+vivo, Lung, H460 - vitro+vivo, Lung, H1299 - vitro+vivo, Lung, A549 - vitro+vivo, Lung, PC9
MDSCs↓, TregCell↓, IL10↓, NK cell↑,
4597- GoldNP,  Chit,    Influence of chitosan coating on the oral bioavailability of gold nanoparticles in rats
- in-vivo, NA, NA
*BioAv↑,
861- Lae,  Chit,  AgNPs,    Synthesis of polygonal chitosan microcapsules for the delivery of amygdalin loaded silver nanoparticles in breast cancer therapy
other↑,
1795- LEC,  Chit,    Self-assembled lecithin-chitosan nanoparticles improve the oral bioavailability and alter the pharmacokinetics of raloxifene
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
eff↑, BioAv↑,
2968- PL,  Chit,    Preparation of piperlongumine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles for safe and efficient cancer therapy
- in-vitro, GC, AGS
eff↑, Dose↝, ROS↑, BioAv↑,
4604- Se,  AgNPs,  Chit,    The ameliorative effect of selenium-loaded chitosan nanoparticles against silver nanoparticles-induced ovarian toxicity in female albino rats
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*Dose↝, *GSH↑, *SOD↑, *toxicity↓,
4488- Se,  Chit,  PEG,    Anticancer effect of selenium/chitosan/polyethylene glycol/allyl isothiocyanate nanocomposites against diethylnitrosamine-induced liver cancer in rats
- in-vivo, Liver, HepG2 - in-vivo, Nor, HL7702
tumCV↓, Apoptosis↑, *GSH↑, *VitC↑, *VitE↑, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *GR↑, ALAT↓, ALP↓, AST↓, LDH↓, selectivity↑, eff↑,
4486- Se,  Chit,    Selenium-Modified Chitosan Induces HepG2 Cell Apoptosis and Differential Protein Analysis
- in-vitro, Liver, HepG2
Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, MMP↓, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, cl‑Casp9↑, cl‑Casp3↑, Risk↓, *BioAv↑, *toxicity↑, TumCG↓, AntiTum↑, ROS↑, Cyt‑c↑, Fas↑, FasL↑, FADD↑,
4484- Se,  Chit,  PEG,    Anti-cancer potential of selenium-chitosan-polyethylene glycol-carvacrol nanocomposites in multiple myeloma U266 cells
- in-vitro, Melanoma, U266
tumCV↓, selectivity↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, Apoptosis↑, BAX↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, Bcl-2↓,
4483- Se,  Chit,    Anti-cancer potential of chitosan-starch selenium Nanocomposite: Targeting osteoblastoma and insights of molecular docking
- in-vitro, OS, NA
AntiCan↑, TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, eff↑, other↝, eff↑, TumCCA↑,
4504- SeNPs,  Chit,  FA,  doxoR,    pH-responsive selenium nanoparticles stabilized by folate-chitosan delivering doxorubicin for overcoming drug-resistant cancer cells
- in-vitro, Var, NA
ChemoSen↑, Apoptosis↑, Casp3↑, PARP↝,
4491- SeNPs,  Chit,  VitC,    Synthesis of a Bioactive Composition of Chitosan–Selenium Nanoparticles
- Study, NA, NA
*ROS↓, *selenoP↑, *antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *Risk↓, *toxicity↓, AntiTum↑, Dose↝,
4480- SeNPs,  Chit,    Biogenic synthesized selenium nanoparticles combined chitosan nanoparticles controlled lung cancer growth via ROS generation and mitochondrial damage pathway
- in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, Nor, HK-2
selectivity↑, *toxicity↓, ROS↑, mtDam↑, Apoptosis↑, LDH↑,
4470- SeNPs,  Chit,    Synthesis and cytotoxic activities of selenium nanoparticles incorporated nano-chitosan
- in-vitro, CRC, HCT116 - in-vitro, Liver, HepG2 - in-vitro, BC, MCF-7
Dose↝, AntiCan↑, eff↑,
4467- SeNPs,  VitC,  Chit,    Nano-chitosan-coated, green-synthesized selenium nanoparticles as a novel antifungal agent against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vitro study
- Study, NA, NA
*Dose↝, *Dose↝,
4452- SeNPs,  Chit,    Antioxidant capacities of the selenium nanoparticles stabilized by chitosan
- in-vitro, Nor, 3T3
*toxicity↓, *antiOx↑, *GPx↑, *ROS↓,

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 38

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

GSH↓, 1,   MDA↓, 1,   MDA↑, 1,   ROS↑, 11,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

MMP↓, 6,   mtDam↑, 2,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   LDH↓, 1,   LDH↑, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Apoptosis↑, 10,   BAX↑, 3,   Bcl-2↓, 3,   Casp↑, 1,   Casp3↑, 3,   cl‑Casp3↑, 1,   Casp9↑, 1,   cl‑Casp9↑, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 1,   FADD↑, 2,   Fas↑, 2,   FasL↑, 2,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

other↑, 1,   other↝, 2,   tumCV↓, 3,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

TumAuto↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

DNAdam↑, 1,   PARP↝, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

TumCCA↑, 5,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

TumCG↓, 5,  

Migration ⓘ

MMP2↓, 1,   MMP9↓, 1,   TregCell↓, 1,   TumCI↓, 1,   TumCMig↓, 1,   TumCP↓, 3,   TumMeta↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 1,   EPR↑, 4,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

IL10↓, 1,   MDSCs↓, 1,   NK cell↑, 1,  

Cellular Microenvironment ⓘ

pH↝, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↑, 2,   ChemoSen↑, 4,   Dose↝, 3,   eff↓, 1,   eff↑, 13,   selectivity↑, 6,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   ALP↓, 1,   AST↓, 1,   LDH↓, 1,   LDH↑, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 4,   AntiTum↑, 4,   Risk↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 56

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 3,   GPx↑, 2,   GSH↑, 2,   lipid-P↓, 1,   ROS↓, 3,   selenoP↑, 1,   SOD↑, 2,   VitC↑, 1,   VitE↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

Insulin↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

LDL↓, 2,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

other↝, 1,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

BBB↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

Inflam↓, 3,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors ⓘ

GR↑, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↑, 6,   Dose↝, 3,   eff↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

GutMicro↑, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

Risk↓, 1,   toxicity↓, 6,   toxicity↑, 1,   Weight↝, 1,   Wound Healing↑, 4,  

Infection & Microbiome ⓘ

Bacteria↓, 8,  
Total Targets: 25

Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:210  Target#:%  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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