Database Query Results : SonoDynamic Therapy UltraSound, ,

SDT, SonoDynamic Therapy UltraSound: Click to Expand ⟱

Features:

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an emerging, non-invasive treatment modality that employs ultrasound energy in conjunction with sonosensitizers to induce cytotoxicity in target tissues. A key mechanism by which SDT exerts its therapeutic effects is through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Also known as high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

SDT relies on the ultrasound-triggered activation of sonosensitizers (similar in concept to photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy). When activated by ultrasound, these compounds undergo energy transitions that lead to the production of ROS, such as singlet oxygen and free radicals.

-Advantages of SDT include its non-invasive nature, deep tissue penetration of ultrasound, and the ability to target localized areas with high precision.
-Challenges remain in precisely controlling ROS production and ensuring that the resulting oxidative stress is sufficient to induce cell death in tumor cells without overwhelming damage to surrounding normal tissues.

Sonosensitizers:
– Hematoporphyrin Derivative (HPD) and Photofrin
– Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX)
– Chlorin e6 (Ce6)
– Phthalocyanine compounds
– Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles
– Other metallic or semiconductor nanoparticles, sometimes functionalized or loaded with traditional sensitizer molecules (e.g., gold nanoparticles, copper-cysteamine), have been explored to enhance ROS production and improve tumor targeting.
– Curcumin, derived from turmeric, has been shown in several studies to exhibit sonosensitizing properties.
– Under ultrasound activation, quercetin may act as a sonosensitizer, increasing ROS generation and contributing to cancer cell apoptosis.

US frequency range of 150 kHz–3 MHz, irradiation dose of 2–3 W cm−2, and the actuation duration range of 1–20 min are used for SDT research

https://can-amhifu.com/

https://canadaclinicsupply.com/product/soundcare-plus-professional-dual-ultrasound-device-by-roscoe/
https://physiostore.ca/product-category/therapeutic-modalities/therapeutic-ultrasound/clinical-ultrasound-systems/
https://physiostore.ca/richmar-home-ultrasound-2000-2nd-edition/

-SDT is a pro-oxidant modality → strong antioxidants could theoretically reduce efficacy if present at high tissue levels (same logic as PDT), but this is highly protocol- and sensitizer-dependent.
-Hypoxia can blunt ROS-based killing; strategies sometimes include oxygenation, microbubbles, or vascular modulation.

Rank	Pathway / Axis	Cancer / Tumor Context	Normal Tissue Context	TSF	Primary Effect	Notes / Interpretation
1	ROS burst (sonosensitizer activation)	ROS ↑↑ (local); oxidative damage ↑	Collateral ROS possible depending on targeting	P	Primary cytotoxic driver	Core SDT mechanism: ultrasound-activated sensitizers generate ROS; effectiveness depends on oxygenation and sensitizer localization.
2	Mitochondrial dysfunction (ΔΨm loss) → intrinsic apoptosis	ΔΨm ↓; cyt-c ↑; caspase-9/3 ↑ (reported)	↔ / injury possible at high exposures	R, G	Apoptosis execution	Often downstream of ROS; magnitude depends on dose and cell redox fragility.
3	Lipid peroxidation / membrane damage	Membrane integrity ↓; lipid peroxidation ↑	Off-target membrane injury possible	P, R	Cell damage / necrotic pressure	ROS and mechanical effects can destabilize membranes; can contribute to necrosis-like death if severe.
4	ER stress / UPR activation	ER stress ↑; CHOP ↑; UPR ↑ (reported)	↔ / stress response possible	R, G	Stress overload	ROS-triggered protein misfolding and calcium dysregulation can drive UPR and pro-death signaling.
5	DNA damage response (DDR)	DNA oxidation / breaks ↑; γH2AX ↑ (reported)	↔ / injury possible	R, G	Replication stress / apoptosis support	DNA damage is typically secondary to ROS; relevance depends on tumor proliferation state.
6	Ferroptosis-like signaling (context-dependent)	Lipid ROS ↑; GPX4 pressure ↑ (reported in some SDT papers)	↔	R, G	Non-apoptotic oxidative death	Some SDT systems push lipid peroxidation strongly enough to resemble ferroptosis; not universal.
7	Autophagy response	Autophagy ↑ (adaptive) or contributes to death (context)	↔	G	Stress adaptation	Autophagy can be protective or pro-death depending on magnitude of SDT stress and sensitizer localization.
8	Microenvironment effects (vascular permeability / perfusion)	Local perfusion changes; permeability ↑ (reported)	Potential local vascular injury	P, R	Delivery modulation	Ultrasound can increase permeability (esp. with microbubbles); may enhance drug delivery in some protocols.
9	Immune activation (DAMPs / ICD-like signals)	Immunogenic cell death signals ↑ (reported)	—	G	Anti-tumor immunity support	Cell stress/death can release DAMPs and promote antigen presentation; data vary by model and sensitizer.
10	Parameter dependence / safety constraints	Effect varies with sensitizer + ultrasound settings + oxygenation	Heating / cavitation injury risk if misapplied	—	Translation constraint	SDT outcomes depend heavily on ultrasound frequency/intensity/duty cycle and sensitizer biodistribution; not “plug-and-play.”

Time-Scale Flag (TSF): P / R / G

P: 0–30 min (ROS burst; immediate membrane/vascular effects)
R: 30 min–3 hr (stress pathways: ER/DDR; apoptosis initiation)
G: >3 hr (cell death execution; immune/phenotype outcomes)

Sonodynamic Therapy — Common Sonosensitizer Classes

Sensitizer Class	Examples	Primary Mechanistic Bias	Dominant Death Pathways (Reported)	Notes / Interpretation
Porphyrins / Hematoporphyrin derivatives	Hematoporphyrin, Protoporphyrin IX, Photofrin-like agents	ROS generation (Type I/II-like chemistry under ultrasound)	Intrinsic apoptosis (ΔΨm ↓, cyt-c ↑), caspases ↑	Most classical SDT sensitizers; strong mitochondrial localization; mechanistically closest to PDT analogs.
Chlorins / Phthalocyanines	Chlorin e6 (Ce6), phthalocyanine derivatives	High ROS yield	Apoptosis ↑; lipid peroxidation ↑; ER stress ↑	Often used in nanoformulations to improve tumor accumulation and ultrasound activation efficiency.
Xanthene dyes	Eosin Y, Rose Bengal	ROS burst + membrane effects	Apoptosis ↑; necrotic pressure (dose-dependent)	Some studies show strong oxidative burst; selectivity depends on uptake and targeting.
Repurposed chemotherapeutics	Doxorubicin, 5-ALA (via PpIX accumulation)	Combined ROS + intrinsic drug mechanism	Apoptosis ↑; DDR ↑	Dual-mechanism systems: drug effect plus ultrasound-enhanced ROS; schedule-dependent outcomes.
Metal-based nanoparticles	TiO2, ZnO, MnO2-based systems	ROS catalysis; Fenton-like chemistry	Lipid peroxidation ↑; ferroptosis-like signaling (reported)	Often engineered to amplify ROS via catalytic surfaces; ferroptosis signatures reported in some platforms.
Organic nano-sonosensitizers	Polymeric micelles, liposome-loaded sensitizers	Targeted ROS release	Apoptosis ↑; immune activation (DAMPs ↑)	Improved tumor delivery; often combined with immune checkpoint therapy in preclinical systems.
Gas-generating / microbubble-assisted systems	O2-loaded microbubbles, perfluorocarbon systems	Cavitation + oxygenation enhancement	Enhanced ROS; vascular disruption	Used to overcome hypoxia and improve ROS yield; parameter-sensitive.
Natural compound–based sensitizers (experimental)	Curcumin, certain flavins (reported)	ROS generation (lower potency vs porphyrins)	Apoptosis ↑ (reported)	Less standardized; ROS yield and ultrasound responsiveness vary widely.

Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱

2538-

AgNPs,

SDT,

Dual-functional silver nanoparticle-enhanced ZnO nanorods for improved reactive oxygen species generation and cancer treatment

Study,

Var,

vitro+vivo,

NA,

mice

ROS↑, eff↑, eff↑, TumCP↓, toxicity↓,

2539-

AgNPs,

SDT,

Combined effect of silver nanoparticles and therapeutical ultrasound on ovarian carcinoma cells A2780

in-vitro,

Melanoma,

A2780S

tumCV↓, sonoP↑, BioEnh↑,

4415-

AgNPs,

SDT,

CUR,

Examining the Impact of Sonodynamic Therapy With Ultrasound Wave in the Presence of Curcumin-Coated Silver Nanoparticles on the Apoptosis of MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells

in-vitro,

BC,

MCF-7

29.3 ± 5.6 nm

 48.23 µg/ml

SDT was performed using an US frequency of 1 MHz, intensity of 2 W/cm2, and a distance of 2 cm.

tumCV↓, BAX↑, Casp3↑, Bcl-2↓, eff↑, ROS↑, sonoS↑, eff↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑,

1603-

Cu,

BP,

SDT,

Glutathione Depletion-Induced ROS/NO Generation for Cascade Breast Cancer Therapy and Enhanced Anti-Tumor Immune Response

in-vitro,

BC,

4T1

in-vivo,

NA,

mice

GSH↓, Fenton↑, ROS↑, NO↑, sonoS↑, eff↑, NO↑, *toxicity∅, eff?,

2535-

M-Blu,

SDT,

Apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells induced by methylene blue-mediated sonodynamic action

in-vitro,

Ovarian,

HO-8910

tumCV↓, ROS↑,

2546-

M-Blu,

SDT,

The sonodynamic antitumor effect of methylene blue on sarcoma180 cells in vitro

in-vitro,

sarcoma,

S180

1,10,100uM  0.24 W/cm(2) for 30 seconds

TumCD↑,

2547-

M-Blu,

SDT,

The effect of dual-frequency ultrasound waves on B16F10 melanoma cells: Sonodynamic therapy using nanoliposomes containing methylene blue

in-vitro,

Melanoma,

B16-BL6

tumCV↓, ROS↑, mtDam↑,

1674-

PBG,

SDT,

HPT,

Study on the effect of a triple cancer treatment of propolis, thermal cycling-hyperthermia, and low-intensity ultrasound on PANC-1 cells

in-vitro,

PC,

PANC1

in-vitro,

Nor,

H6c7

tumCV↓, ROS↑, eff↑, Dose∅, selectivity↑, MMP↓, mtDam↑, cl‑PARP↑, p‑ERK↓, p‑JNK↑, p‑p38↑, eff↓, ChemoSen↑,

1403-

SDT,

BBR,

From 2D to 3D In Vitro World: Sonodynamically-Induced Prooxidant Proapoptotic Effects of C60-Berberine Nanocomplex on Cancer Cells

in-vitro,

Cerv,

HeLa

 1 MHz, 1 W/cm2 US and  20 µM C60-Ber for 24 h

in-vitro,

Lung,

LLC1

eff↑, tumCV↓, ATP↓, ROS↑, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, mtDam↑,

2536-

SDT,

Sonodynamic Therapy: Rapid Progress and New Opportunities for Non-Invasive Tumor Cell Killing with Sound

Review,

Var,

ROS↑, eff↑, Dose?,

2537-

SDT,

Design and Challenges of Sonodynamic Therapy System for Cancer Theranostics: From Equipment to Sensitizers

Review,

Var,

Dose↝, eff↑, eff↑, eff↑, eff↑,

2548-

SDT,

Sonoporation, a Novel Frontier for Cancer Treatment: A Review of the Literature

Review,

Var,

sonoP↑, Dose↝, eff↓, Dose↝, BioEnh↑, toxicity↝,

2549-

SDT,

Landscape of Cellular Bioeffects Triggered by Ultrasound-Induced Sonoporation

Review,

Var,

sonoP↑, tumCV↓, MMP↓, ROS↑, Ca+2↑, eff↝, eff↑, selectivity↑, Half-Life↝, Dose↝, P-gp↓, ER Stress↑, other↑,

2550-

SDT,

Intracellular Delivery and Calcium Transients Generated in Sonoporation Facilitated by Microbubbles

in-vitro,

Nor,

Rat cardiomyoblast (H9c2) cells

*Ca+2↑, sonoP↑, BioEnh↑,

2551-

SDT,

Sonoporation: Past, Present, and Future

Review,

Var,

other↝, sonoP↑, Dose↝,

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 15

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

toxicity↓, 1, toxicity↝, 1,
Total Targets: 39

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:

Migration ⓘ

Ca+2↑, 1,

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

toxicity∅, 1,
Total Targets: 2

Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:267  Target#:%  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

Database Query Results : SonoDynamic Therapy UltraSound, ,

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:

Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

Cell Death ⓘ

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

Migration ⓘ

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:

Migration ⓘ

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

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