Database Query Results : Selenium NanoParticles, ,

SeNPs, Selenium NanoParticles: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Selenium NanoParticles
| Category                             | Role in cancer                                                                                  |
| -------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Sodium Selenium (selenite)       | Direct cytotoxic redox poison                                                                   |
| Selenium (organic / nutritional) | **Redox buffer & immune modulator** (generally *anti-therapy* when oxidative stress is desired) |
| SeNPs                            | Tunable redox-signaling anticancer platform                                                     |
In the chemical synthesis of selenium nanoparticles, a precursor such as sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃) is dissolved in water to form a homogenous solution. A reducing agent, like ascorbic acid or sodium borohydride (NaBH₄), is then added to the solution. The reducing agent donates electrons to the selenium ions (SeO32−SeO32), reducing them to elemental selenium (Se0Se^0). This reduction process leads to the nucleation of selenium atoms, which subsequently grow into nanoparticles through controlled aggregation.

Se NPs might be hepatoprotective.
(chemoprotective) (radioprotective) (radiosensitizer)

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are a biocompatible, less-toxic, 
and more controllable form of selenium compared to inorganic salts (like sodium selenite).
Major SeNPs hepatoprotective mechanisms
Mechanism	              Description	                       Key markers affected
1. Antioxidant activity	      SeNPs boost antioxidant enzyme          ↓ ROS, ↓ MDA, ↑ GSH, ↑ GPx
                              systems (GPx, SOD, CAT) and scavenge 
                              ROS directly.	
2. Anti-inflammatory effect   Downregulate NF-κB, TNF-α,              ↓ TNF-α, ↓ IL-1β, ↓ IL-6
                              IL-6, and COX-2 pathways.	
3. Anti-apoptotic action      Balance between Bcl-2/Bax and reduce    ↑ Bcl-2, ↓ Bax, ↓ Caspase-3
                              caspase-3 activation in hepatocytes.	
4. Metal/toxin chelation      SeNPs can bind or transform toxic       ↓ liver metal accumulation
                              metals (Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺, As³⁺) 
                              into less harmful complexes.	
5. Mitochondrial protection   Maintain membrane potential,            Preserved ΔΨm, ↑ ATP
                              prevent mitochondrial ROS burst, 
                              and ATP loss.	
6. Regeneration support	      Stimulate hepatocyte proliferation      ↑ PCNA, improved histology
                              and repair via redox signaling 
                              and selenoproteins.

Comparison: SeNPs vs. Sodium Selenite
Property	             SeNPs	                   Sodium Selenite
Toxicity	             Low	                   Moderate–high
Bioavailability	             Controlled, often slow-       Rapid, less controllable
                             release	
ROS balance	             Adaptive, mild antioxidant	   Can flip to pro-oxidant easily
Safety margin	             Wide	                   Narrow
Hepatoprotection	     Strong, sustained	           Protective at low dose, 
                                                           toxic at high dose
Form of SeNPs matter:
1. Core composition / capping agent: SeNPs can be stabilized with polysaccharides, proteins, or small molecules. Some stabilizers may interact with cellular redox systems differently—e.g., a protein-capped SeNP may have slower release and less ROS generation, whereas a bare SeNP might induce stronger ROS in cancer cells.
2. Particle size: Smaller SeNPs (<50 nm) tend to generate more ROS and may enhance anticancer activity, but could theoretically interfere with ROS-dependent chemo if administered simultaneously. Larger SeNPs are slower-acting and may be safer alongside chemo.
3. Surface charge / coating: Positively charged or functionalized SeNPs can preferentially enter tumor cells, whereas neutral or negatively charged forms may distribute more evenly. This affects both selective cytotoxicity and interaction with normal cells.

"30 mg of Na2SeO3.5H2O was added to 90 mL of Milli-Q water. Ascorbic acid (10 mL, 56.7 mM) was added dropwise to sodium selenite solution with vigorous stirring. 10 µL of polysorbate were added after each 2 ml of ascorbic acid. Selenium nanoparticles were formed after the addition of ascorbic acid. This can be visualized by a color change of the reactant solution from clear white to clear red. All solutions were made in a sterile environment by using a sterile cabinet and double distilled water."

SeNPs Cancer relevant pathways
Rank Pathway (direction) Notes (key mechanistic readout) Ref
1 Redox stress / ROS ↑ SeNPs commonly elevate intracellular ROS in cancer cells (often upstream of downstream apoptosis/autophagy signaling). (ref)
2 DNA damage / DDR ↑ ROS-linked DNA damage response reported in anti-angiogenic/cancer models (e.g., DNA damage as part of the cytotoxic cascade). (ref)
3 PI3K → Akt → mTOR ↓ Frequently reported as inhibited (or functionally downshifted), aligning with reduced survival signaling and increased stress-death programs. (ref)
4 Mitochondrial integrity (ΔΨm) ↓ Mitochondrial membrane potential loss is a recurring early event (mitochondria-centered cytotoxicity). (ref)
5 Intrinsic apoptosis (caspase cascade) ↑ Activation of caspase-mediated apoptosis (e.g., caspase-3 activation) commonly follows mitochondrial disruption. (ref)
6 Stress MAPK (p38) ↑ p38 signaling is reported as engaged in ROS-associated SeNP cytotoxicity programs (context: apoptosis signaling). (ref)
7 p53 program ↑ p53 pathway activation/“reactivation” can be amplified in SeNP-based constructs (p53 target genes up; apoptosis up). (ref)
8 Autophagy regulation ↑ (often pro-death or dysregulated) Functionalized SeNPs can drive autophagy as a major action mode in colorectal cancer models (often intertwined with cytotoxicity). (ref)
9 Angiogenesis (VEGF → VEGFR2 → ERK/Akt) ↓ Anti-angiogenic SeNP designs suppress VEGF-driven signaling and tube formation in endothelial/tumor angiogenesis models. (ref)
10 NF-κB signaling ↓ NF-κB activation markers (e.g., p-p65 / p-IκBα) can be reduced by decorated SeNPs in inflammatory signaling models relevant to tumor-promoting inflammation. (ref)
11 Androgen receptor axis (AR transcriptional activity) ↓ Reported in prostate cancer context: AR downregulation/disruption via Akt/Mdm2/AR-linked apoptosis framework. (ref)
12 Ferroptosis ↑ (Nrf2/HO-1/SLC7A11/GCLC/GPX4 ↓) Some decorated SeNPs are explicitly reported to induce ferroptosis, including downregulation of System Xc−/GSH/GPX4-axis proteins and iron-homeostasis shifts. (ref)


Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
4489- Chit,  SeNPs,    Inhibiting Metastasis and Improving Chemosensitivity via Chitosan-Coated Selenium Nanoparticles for Brain Cancer Therapy
- in-vitro, GBM, U87MG
TumCG↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, ChemoSen↑, *BBB↑, eff↑, eff↑, eff↑, selectivity↑, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, EPR↑,
4714- Se,  SSE,  SeNPs,    Selenium in cancer management: exploring the therapeutic potential
- Review, Var, NA
Risk↓, *BioAv↑, eff↝, *ROS↓, MMP↓, ROS↑, P53↑, *toxicity↓, TumCP↓, Casp↑, Apoptosis↑,
4607- SeNPs,  AgNPs,    A Review on synthesis and their antibacterial activity of Silver and Selenium nanoparticles against biofilm forming Staphylococcus aureus
- Review, NA, NA
*Bacteria↓, *eff↑, ROS↑, *Dose↝, *eff↑, toxicity↝, *Sepsis↓, *other↝, eff↑,
4474- SeNPs,    In vitro growth of gut microbiota with selenium nanoparticles
*GutMicro↑,
4480- SeNPs,  Chit,    Biogenic synthesized selenium nanoparticles combined chitosan nanoparticles controlled lung cancer growth via ROS generation and mitochondrial damage pathway
- in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, Nor, HK-2
selectivity↑, *toxicity↓, ROS↑, mtDam↑, Apoptosis↑, LDH↑,
4491- SeNPs,  Chit,  VitC,    Synthesis of a Bioactive Composition of Chitosan–Selenium Nanoparticles
- Study, NA, NA
*ROS↓, *selenoP↑, *antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *Risk↓, *toxicity↓, AntiTum↑, Dose↝,
4501- SeNPs,    Mechanisms of the Cytotoxic Effect of Selenium Nanoparticles in Different Human Cancer Cell Lines
- in-vitro, GBM, A172 - in-vitro, Colon, Caco-2 - in-vitro, Pca, DU145 - in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, Nor, L929
*BioAv↑, selectivity↑, AntiCan↑, Apoptosis↑, CHOP↑, GADD34↑, BIM↑, PUMA↑, Ca+2↝,
4502- SeNPs,    Modulatory effects of selenium nanoparticles on gut microbiota and metabolites of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by microbiome-metabolomic analysis
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*GutMicro↑, *Dose↝, *other↝, *toxicity↓, *BioAv↑, *Bacteria↓,
4503- SeNPs,    Prophylactic supplementation with biogenic selenium nanoparticles mitigated intestinal barrier oxidative damage through suppressing epithelial-immune crosstalk with gut-on-a-chip
- in-vitro, Nor, NA
*selenoP↑, *ROS↓, *Inflam↓, *other↝,
4504- SeNPs,  Chit,  FA,  doxoR,    pH-responsive selenium nanoparticles stabilized by folate-chitosan delivering doxorubicin for overcoming drug-resistant cancer cells
- in-vitro, Var, NA
ChemoSen↑, Apoptosis↑, Casp3↑, PARP↝,
4601- SeNPs,  AgNPs,    Antioxidant and hepatoprotective role of selenium against silver nanoparticles
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*TAC↑, *CRP↓, *AST↓, *ALAT↓, *toxicity↓, *GSH↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *hepatoP↑,
4602- SeNPs,  AgNPs,  GoldNP,    Advances in nephroprotection: the therapeutic role of selenium, silver, and gold nanoparticles in renal health
- NA, Nor, NA
*ROS↓, *RenoP↑, *Inflam↓,
4603- SeNPs,    Therapeutic applications of selenium nanoparticles
- Review, Var, NA
AntiCan↑, Imm↑, *AntiDiabetic↑, *antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, ROS↑, ER Stress↑, DNAdam↑, *toxicity↓, *eff↑, *BioAv↑, selectivity↑, TumCCA↑, Risk↓, *lipid-P↓, *TNF-α↓, *CRP↓, TumMeta↓, angioG↓, selectivity↑, eff↑, *eff↑,
4605- SeNPs,    Selenium nanoparticles: An insight on its Pro-oxidant andantioxidant properties
- Review, NA, NA
*antiOx↑, *selenoP↑, *Dose↝, *toxicity↓, ROS↑, ER Stress↑,
4606- SeNPs,  VitC,    Antibacterial and anti-biofilm efficacy of selenium nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Characterization and in vitro analysis
- in-vitro, NA, NA
*Dose↝, *Dose↝, *Bacteria↓,
4473- SeNPs,    Anti-cancerous effect and biological evaluation of green synthesized Selenium nanoparticles on MCF-7 breast cancer and HUVEC cell lines
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, Nor, HUVECs
AntiCan↑, selectivity↓, *Bacteria↓, *antiOx↑, *toxicity↓, ROS↑, tumCV↓,
4608- SeNPs,    Selenium Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications: From Development and Characterization to Therapeutics
- Review, Var, NA - NA, AD, NA
*toxicity↝, *toxicity↓, *other↝, ROS↑, *Dose↝, *selenoP↑, AntiCan↑, AntiTum↑, *Bacteria↓, *radioP↑, *BioAv↑, *Inflam↓, *Imm↑, ChemoSen↑, *AntiAg↑, selectivity↑, eff↑, other↝, *eff↑, *Aβ↓, *eff↑,
4609- SeNPs,    Physiological Benefits of Novel Selenium Delivery via Nanoparticles
- Review, Var, NA - Review, IBD, NA - Review, Diabetic, NA
*selenoP↑, Risk↓, AntiCan↑, ROS↑, *Dose↝, *toxicity↓, *BioAv↑, *GutMicro↑, *other↓,
4611- SeNPs,  Rad,    Radioprotective Effect of Selenium Nanoparticles: A Mini Review
- Review, Var, NA
*antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *radioP↑, *ROCK1↓, *DNAdam↓, *Apoptosis↓, *RadioS↑, *Dose↝,
4612- SeNPs,  Rad,    Histopathological Evaluation of Radioprotective Effects: Selenium Nanoparticles Protect Lung Tissue from Radiation Damage
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*radioP↑, *Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *Dose↝, *DNAdam↓, *ROS↓, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *Dose↝, *eff↑,
4719- SeNPs,    Selenium nanoparticles are more efficient than sodium selenite in producing reactive oxygen species and hyper-accumulation of selenium nanoparticles in cancer cells generates potent therapeutic effects
- in-vivo, Var, NA
ROS↑, selenoP↑, *toxicity↓,
4720- SeNPs,    Selenium Nanoparticle in the Management of Oxidative Stress During Cancer Chemotherapy
- Review, Var, NA
*toxicity↓, *antiOx↑, chemoP↑,
4721- SeNPs,    A review on selenium nanoparticles and their biomedical applications
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Diabetic, NA - Review, Arthritis, NA
*antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *eff↝, *selenoP↑, *Bacteria↓, *neuroP↑, *ROS↓, ChemoSen↑,
4734- SeNPs,  CPT-11,    Cytotoxicity and therapeutic effect of irinotecan combined with selenium nanoparticles
- in-vitro, CRC, HCT8 - in-vivo, NA, NA
chemoP↑, ChemoSen↑, P53↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCG↓, Casp↑, Dose↝, NRF2↓, selectivity↑, *NRF2↑,
4735- SeNPs,    Selenium triggers Nrf2-AMPK crosstalk to alleviate cadmium-induced autophagy in rabbit cerebrum
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*MDA↓, *H2O2↓, *Catalase↑, *SOD↑, *GSTs↑, *GSH↑, *NRF2↓, *ATG3↓, *AMPK↓, *ROS↓,
4745- SeNPs,  Chemo,    Translational Selenium Nanoparticles Promotes Clinical Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Chemotherapy via Activating Selenoprotein-driven Immune Manipulation
- Study, NSCLC, NA
Risk↓, TumCD↑, mTOR↑, AntiTum↑, ChemoSen↑,
4752- SeNPs,  CUR,  Chemo,    Curcumin-Modified Selenium Nanoparticles Improve S180 Tumour Therapy in Mice by Regulating the Gut Microbiota and Chemotherapy
- in-vitro, Cerv, HeLa - in-vitro, sarcoma, S180
tumCV↓, ROS↑, *GutMicro↑, BioAv↑, other↝, Dose↝,
4756- SeNPs,    Selenium‐Containing Nanoparticles Combine the NK Cells Mediated Immunotherapy with Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy
ChemoSen↑, RadioS↓,
4458- SeNPs,    Selenium Nanoparticles for Antioxidant Activity and Selenium Enrichment in Plants
*Dose↝, *eff↑, *Dose↝,
4440- SeNPs,  AgNPs,    Selenium, silver, and gold nanoparticles: Emerging strategies for hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation reduction
- Review, NA, NA
*hepatoP↑, *antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *ROS↓, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *lipid-P↓,
4441- SeNPs,    The Role of Selenium Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Liver Pathologies of Various Natures
- Review, Nor, NA
*ROS↓, *hepatoP↑, *selenoP↑, *ALAT↓, *AST↓, *GSH↑, *GPx↑, *TNF-α↓, *IL6↓, *NF-kB↓, *p65↓, *Dose⇅,
4443- SeNPs,    Bioogenic selenium and its hepatoprotective activity
- in-vivo, LiverDam, NA
*hepatoP↑, *AST↓, *ALAT↓, *LDH↓, *lipid-P?,
4444- SeNPs,    Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Efficiency of Selenium Nanoparticles Against Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatic Damage
- in-vivo, LiverDam, NA
*hepatoP↑, *ROS↓, *Catalase↑, *SOD↑, *GSH↑, *DNAdam↓,
4445- SeNPs,  DFE,    A comparative study on the hepatoprotective effect of selenium-nanoparticles and dates flesh extract on carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in albino rats
- in-vivo, LiverDam, NA
*hepatoP↑, *antiOx↑, *AntiCan↑, *BioAv↑, *toxicity↓, *ROS↓, *MDA↓, *ALAT↓, *Albumin↑, *GSH↑, *SOD↑, *RenoP↑,
4446- SeNPs,    Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of Moringa oleifera-mediated Selenium Nanoparticles in Diabetic Rats.
- in-vivo, Diabetic, NA
*glucose↓, *antiOx↑, *GPx↑, *Catalase↑, *SOD↑, *ROS↓, *cardioP↑, *HDL↑, *LDL↓, *hepatoP↑, *TNF-α↓, *IL6↓, *IL1β↓, *lipid-P↓, *Inflam↓, *ALAT↓, *AST↓, *ALP↓, *Dose↝, *Dose↝,
4448- SeNPs,    Selenium Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Examination of Synthesis Techniques and Their Diverse Applications in Medical Research and Toxicology Studies
- Review, Nor, NA
*toxicity↓, *toxicity↓, selectivity↑, *antiOx↑, *cognitive↑, *other↝, TumCCA↑,
4449- SeNPs,    PEG-nanolized ultrasmall selenium nanoparticles overcome drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells through induction of mitochondria dysfunction
- in-vitro, Liver, HepG2
MMP↓, selectivity↑, Apoptosis↑, ROS↑,
4450- SeNPs,    Functionalized selenium nanoparticles with nephroprotective activity, the important roles of ROS-mediated signaling pathways
- in-vitro, Kidney, NA
antiOx↑, *ROS↓, RenoP↑,
4451- SeNPs,    Effects of chitosan-stabilized selenium nanoparticles on cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle pattern in HepG2 cells: comparison with other selenospecies
- in-vitro, Liver, HepG2
*antiOx↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑,
4452- SeNPs,  Chit,    Antioxidant capacities of the selenium nanoparticles stabilized by chitosan
- in-vitro, Nor, 3T3
*toxicity↓, *antiOx↑, *GPx↑, *ROS↓,
4453- SeNPs,    Selenium Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis and Biomedical Application
- Review, NA, NA
*toxicity↓, *Bacteria↓, ROS↑, MMP↓, ER Stress↑, P53↑, Apoptosis↑, Casp9↑, DNAdam↑, TumCCA↑, eff↑, Catalase↓, SOD↓, GSH↓, selectivity↓, selectivity↑, PCNA↓, eff↑, *ALAT↓, *AST↓, *ALP↓, *creat↓, *Inflam↓, *toxicity↓, selectivity↑,
4457- SeNPs,    Selenium nanoparticles: a review on synthesis and biomedical applications
- Review, Var, NA - NA, Diabetic, NA
*BioAv↑, *toxicity↓, *eff↑, chemoPv↑, *Inflam↓, antiOx↑, *selenoP↑, *ROS↓, *Dose↝, AntiCan↑, *Bacteria↓, eff↑, DNAdam↑, selectivity↑, *eff↑,
4459- SeNPs,  VitC,  SSE,    Nano and mesosized selenium and its synthesis using the ascorbic acid route
*eff↑, *Dose↝, *Dose↝,
4460- SeNPs,  VitC,    Ascorbic acid-mediated selenium nanoparticles as potential antihyperuricemic, antioxidant, anticoagulant, and thrombolytic agents
Dose?,
4461- SeNPs,  VitC,    Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Selenium Nanoparticles
*Dose?,
4462- SeNPs,  VitC,    Selenium nanoparticles: influence of reducing agents on particle stability and antibacterial activity at biogenic concentrations
- Study, Nor, NA
*Dose↝, *Bacteria↓,
4463- SeNPs,  VitC,    Selenium nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization and study of their cytotoxicity, antioxidant and antibacterial activity
- Study, Nor, NA
Dose↝,
4464- SeNPs,    Antioxidant Properties of Selenium Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Tea and Herb Water Extracts
- Study, NA, NA
*eff↑, *eff↝,
4465- SeNPs,  VitC,    Selenium nanoparticles: Synthesis, in-vitro cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity and interaction studies with ct-DNA and HSA, HHb and Cyt c serum proteins
- Study, NA, NA
*other↝, *eff↑, AntiCan↑, *Dose↝, *BioAv↑, *other↝,
4466- SeNPs,    Synthesis and Characterization of Selenium Nanoparticles and its Effects on in vitro Rumen Feed Degradation, Ruminal Parameters, and Total Gas Production
- Study, NA, NA
other?,
4467- SeNPs,  VitC,  Chit,    Nano-chitosan-coated, green-synthesized selenium nanoparticles as a novel antifungal agent against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vitro study
- Study, NA, NA
*Dose↝, *Dose↝,
4469- SeNPs,    Selenium Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy: Unveiling Cytotoxic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential
- Review, Var, NA
antiOx↑, selectivity↑, eff↑, AntiCan↑, Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, AntiTum↑, TumCG↓, TumMeta↓, angioG↓, Cyt‑c↑, DNAdam↑, RadioS↑, BBB↑, *toxicity↓, ChemoSen↑,
4470- SeNPs,  Chit,    Synthesis and cytotoxic activities of selenium nanoparticles incorporated nano-chitosan
- in-vitro, CRC, HCT116 - in-vitro, Liver, HepG2 - in-vitro, BC, MCF-7
Dose↝, AntiCan↑, eff↑,
4471- SeNPs,    Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles with extract of hawthorn fruit induced HepG2 cells apoptosis
- in-vitro, Liver, HepG2
eff↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, Casp9↑, Bcl-2↓, selectivity↑, Apoptosis↑,
4472- SeNPs,    Therapeutic potential of selenium nanoparticles
- Review, Var, NA
*ROS↓, *BioAv↑, *antiOx↑, toxicity↓, eff↑, *other↝, EPR↑, selectivity↑, eff↑, RadioS↑, eff↑, *Bacteria↓,
3406- TQ,  SeNPs,    A study to determine the effect of nano-selenium and thymoquinone on the Nrf2 gene expression in Alzheimer’s disease
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*NRF2↑, *GSH↑, *MDA↓, *TNF-α↓,

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 56

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 3,   Catalase↓, 1,   GSH↓, 1,   NRF2↓, 1,   ROS↑, 14,   selenoP↑, 1,   SOD↓, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

MMP↓, 5,   mtDam↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

LDH↑, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Apoptosis↑, 10,   Bcl-2↓, 1,   BIM↑, 1,   Casp↑, 2,   Casp3↑, 2,   Casp9↑, 3,   Cyt‑c↑, 1,   GADD34↑, 1,   PUMA↑, 1,   TumCD↑, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

other?, 1,   other↝, 2,   tumCV↓, 2,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

CHOP↑, 1,   ER Stress↑, 3,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

DNAdam↑, 4,   P53↑, 3,   PARP↝, 1,   PCNA↓, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

TumCCA↑, 4,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

mTOR↑, 1,   TumCG↓, 3,  

Migration ⓘ

Ca+2↝, 1,   MMP2↓, 1,   MMP9↓, 1,   TumCI↓, 1,   TumCMig↓, 1,   TumCP↓, 1,   TumMeta↓, 2,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 2,   EPR↑, 2,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

BBB↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

Imm↑, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↑, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 8,   Dose?, 1,   Dose↝, 5,   eff↑, 15,   eff↝, 1,   RadioS↓, 1,   RadioS↑, 2,   selectivity↓, 2,   selectivity↑, 15,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

LDH↑, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 9,   AntiTum↑, 4,   chemoP↑, 2,   chemoPv↑, 1,   RenoP↑, 1,   Risk↓, 4,   toxicity↓, 1,   toxicity↝, 1,  
Total Targets: 62

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 15,   Catalase↑, 4,   GPx↑, 5,   GSH↑, 6,   GSTs↑, 1,   H2O2↓, 1,   HDL↑, 1,   lipid-P?, 1,   lipid-P↓, 3,   MDA↓, 3,   NRF2↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 2,   ROS↓, 16,   selenoP↑, 8,   SOD↑, 7,   TAC↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

ALAT↓, 6,   AMPK↓, 1,   glucose↓, 1,   LDH↓, 1,   LDL↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Apoptosis↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

other↓, 1,   other↝, 8,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

ATG3↓, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

DNAdam↓, 3,  

Migration ⓘ

AntiAg↑, 1,   ROCK1↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

BBB↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

CRP↓, 2,   IL1β↓, 1,   IL6↓, 2,   Imm↑, 1,   Inflam↓, 12,   NF-kB↓, 1,   p65↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 4,  

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

Aβ↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↑, 10,   Dose?, 1,   Dose⇅, 1,   Dose↝, 21,   eff↑, 13,   eff↝, 2,   RadioS↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

ALAT↓, 6,   Albumin↑, 1,   ALP↓, 2,   AST↓, 5,   creat↓, 1,   CRP↓, 2,   GutMicro↑, 4,   IL6↓, 2,   LDH↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 1,   AntiDiabetic↑, 1,   cardioP↑, 1,   cognitive↑, 1,   hepatoP↑, 7,   neuroP↑, 1,   radioP↑, 3,   RenoP↑, 2,   Risk↓, 1,   toxicity↓, 20,   toxicity↝, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome ⓘ

Bacteria↓, 10,   Sepsis↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 67

Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:391  Target#:%  State#:%  Dir#:%
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