Database Query Results : Emodin, ,

EMD, Emodin: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Organic compound isolated from rhubarb, buckthorn, knotweed. It has laxative, anticancer, antibacterial, antiinflammatory, and antiviral activities, and is used in traditional Chinese medicine.
Emodin, an anthraquinone derivative found in various plants (e.g., rhubarb, Polygonum cuspidatum).

Pathways:
- Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
- Upregulation Bax downregulation of Bcl‑2, caspase activation and cyt_c release.
- Induce cell cycle arrest at various checkpoints (commonly G0/G1 or G2/M phases.
- Can inhibit NF‑κB activation
– MAPK Pathways
– PI3K/Akt Pathway
- Metalloproteinases (MMPs)

-ic50 cancer cells 10-50uM, normal cells higher(supports a therapeutic window)

Rank Pathway / Target Axis Direction Label Primary Effect Notes / Cancer Relevance Ref
1 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) ↑ ROS Driver Upstream cytotoxic trigger Emodin induces ROS in cancer cells; ROS increase is positioned upstream of mitochondrial dysfunction and death signaling. (ref)
2 Mitochondrial integrity (ΔΨm) ↓ ΔΨm Driver Mitochondrial dysfunction Emodin decreases mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), consistent with mitochondria-dependent killing. (ref)
3 Intrinsic apoptosis (caspase cascade) ↑ apoptosis (↑ caspases / ↑ PARP cleavage) Driver Execution-phase cell death Emodin activates caspase-dependent apoptosis with mitochondrial involvement in colon cancer models. (ref)
4 AMPK → AKT/mTOR axis ↑ AMPK / ↓ AKT-mTOR signaling Secondary Growth/metabolic suppression NSCLC study reports AMPK activation with inhibition of AKT/mTOR alongside apoptosis and ROS increase (consistent directionality). (ref)
5 NF-κB signaling ↓ NF-κB activation (↓ p65 nuclear translocation; ↓ IκBα phosphorylation/degradation) Secondary Reduced pro-survival/inflammatory transcription Emodin inhibits TNF-α–induced NF-κB activation by blocking IκBα phosphorylation/degradation and p65 nuclear activity. (ref)
6 STAT3 signaling ↓ STAT3 activation (↓ phosphorylation) Secondary Reduced survival/proliferation signaling HCC study shows emodin suppresses STAT3 activation (and discusses upstream kinase modulation), supporting directionality as STAT3↓. (ref)
7 HIF-1α hypoxia program ↓ HIF-1α (↓ biosynthesis; not via transcription/stability) Adaptive Reduced hypoxia tolerance Pancreatic cancer study: emodin decreases HIF-1α by decreasing biosynthesis (explicit mechanism stated). (ref)
8 Aerobic glycolysis (Warburg output) ↓ glycolysis (↓ ECAR / ↓ glycolytic dependence) Phenotypic Metabolic suppression Renal cancer paper reports emodin inhibits aerobic glycolysis (and links killing to a non-apoptotic death mode in that model). (ref)
9 HDAC inhibition (epigenetic enzyme activity) ↓ HDAC activity Secondary Epigenetic modulation Direct biochemical evidence: emodin inhibits HDAC activity in vitro (fast-on/slow-off kinetics reported). (ref)
10 NRF2 / HO-1 antioxidant response ↑ NRF2 / ↑ HO-1 (context-dependent stress response) Adaptive Counter-response to redox stress HCC model reports emodin increases NRF2 and HO-1 expression; interpret as adaptive/compensatory (not necessarily the cytotoxic driver). (ref)


Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
1327- EMD,    Emodin induces apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma cells through a reactive oxygen species-dependent mitochondrial signaling pathway
- in-vitro, Lung, A549
Cyt‑c↑, Casp2↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, ERK↓, Akt↓, ROS↑, MMP↓, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑,
5228- EMD,    Evaluating anticancer activity of emodin by enhancing antioxidant activities and affecting PKC/ADAMTS4 pathway in thioacetamide-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats
- in-vivo, HCC, NA
OS↑, PKCδ↓, ERK5↓, MMP3↓, VEGF↓, NRF2↑, HO-1↑, MDA↓, AFP↓,
5227- EMD,    Emodin and emodin-rich rhubarb inhibits histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and cardiac myocyte hypertrophy
- vitro+vivo, Nor, NA
*cardioP↑, HDAC↓, HDAC1↓, HDAC2↓, ac‑H3↑, Dose↝, BioAv↓,
5226- EMD,    Emodin and rhein decrease levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in human pancreatic cancer cells and attenuate cancer cachexia in athymic mice carrying these cells
- vitro+vivo, Pca, MIA PaCa-2
Hif1a↓, TumCG↓, cachexia↓,
5225- EMD,    Emodin inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in an orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma model by blocking activation of STAT3
- vitro+vivo, HCC, HepG2 - in-vitro, HCC, Hep3B - in-vitro, HCC, HUH7
STAT3↓, Akt↓, cSrc↓, JAK1↓, JAK2↓, SHP1↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓, Mcl-1↓, survivin↓, VEGF↓, TumCP↓, Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, ChemoSen↑, XIAP↓,
5224- EMD,    Emodin Isolated from Polygoni cuspidati Radix Inhibits TNF-α and IL-6 Release by Blockading NF-κB and MAP Kinase Pathways in Mast Cells Stimulated with PMA Plus A23187
NF-kB↓, p‑IKKα↓, p‑MAPK↓, ERK↓,
5223- EMD,    Emodin inhibits colon cancer by altering BCL-2 family proteins and cell survival pathways
- in-vitro, CRC, DLD1 - in-vitro, Nor, CCD841
tumCV↓, Apoptosis↑, selectivity↑, Casp↑, Bcl-2↓, MMP↓, TumCD↑, MAPK↓, JNK↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, NF-kB↓, STAT↓, Diff↓, P53↑, PARP↓,
3830- EMD,    Traditional Chinese Medicine: Role in Reducing β-Amyloid, Apoptosis, Autophagy, Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction of Alzheimer’s Disease
- Review, AD, NA
*neuroP↑, *Aβ↓, *p‑tau↓, *BACE↓,
2422- EMD,    Anti-Cancer Effects of Emodin on HepG2 Cells as Revealed by 1H NMR Based Metabolic Profiling
- in-vitro, HCC, HepG2
HK2↓, PKM2↓, LDHA↓, Glycolysis↓, TumCCA↑, ROS↓, glut↓, Hif1a↓,
2345- EMD,    Emodin ameliorates antioxidant capacity and exerts neuroprotective effect via PKM2-mediated Nrf2 transactivation
- in-vitro, AD, PC12
*PKM2↓, *neuroP↑,
1332- EMD,    Induction of Apoptosis in HepaRG Cell Line by Aloe-Emodin through Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and the Mitochondrial Pathway
- in-vivo, Nor, HepaRG
*tumCV↓, *ROS↑, *MMP↓, *Fas↑, *P53↑, *P21↑, *Bax:Bcl2↑, *Casp3↑, *Casp8↑, *Casp9↑, *cl‑PARP↑, *TumCCA↑, *P21↑, *cycE/CCNE↑, *cycA1/CCNA1↓, *CDK2↓,
1331- EMD,    Aloe-emodin induces apoptosis of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via caspase-8-mediated activation of the mitochondrial death pathway
- in-vitro, NPC, NA
TumCCA↑, CycB/CCNB1↑, DNAdam↑, Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, MMP↓, Ca+2↑, ROS↑,
1330- EMD,    Aloe emodin-induced apoptosis in t-HSC/Cl-6 cells involves a mitochondria-mediated pathway
- in-vitro, NA, NA
tumCV↓, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, BAX↑, Bax:Bcl2↑,
1329- EMD,    Aloe-emodin induces cell death through S-phase arrest and caspase-dependent pathways in human tongue squamous cancer SCC-4 cells
- in-vitro, Tong, SCC4
TumCCA↑, eff↓, P53↑, P21↑, p27↑, cycA1/CCNA1↓, cycE/CCNE↓, TS↓, CDC25↓, AIF↑, proCasp9↓, Cyt‑c↑, MMP↓, Bax:Bcl2↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑,
1328- EMD,    Emodin induces apoptosis of human tongue squamous cancer SCC-4 cells through reactive oxygen species and mitochondria-dependent pathways
- in-vitro, Tong, SCC4
TumCCA↑, P21↑, Chk2↑, CycB/CCNB1↓, cDC2↓, Apoptosis↑, Cyt‑c↑, Casp9↑, Casp3↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, Bax:Bcl2↑, ER Stress↑,
950- EMD,    Emodin Decreases Hepatic Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1[Formula: see text] by Inhibiting its Biosynthesis
- in-vivo, NA, NA - in-vitro, Liver, HepG2
HIF-1↓,
1326- EMD,    Emodin induces a reactive oxygen species-dependent and ATM-p53-Bax mediated cytotoxicity in lung cancer cells
- in-vitro, Lung, A549
Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, P53↑, BAX↑, ATM↑,
1325- EMD,  PacT,    Emodin enhances antitumor effect of paclitaxel on human non-small-cell lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo
- vitro+vivo, Lung, A549
TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑, BAX↑, Casp3↑, Bcl-2↓, p‑Akt↓, p‑ERK↓, ChemoSideEff∅, ChemoSen↑,
1324- EMD,    Is Emodin with Anticancer Effects Completely Innocent? Two Sides of the Coin
- Review, Var, NA
*toxicity↑, *BioAv↓, Akt↓, ERK↓, ROS↑, MMP↓, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, TumCCA↑,
1323- EMD,    Anticancer action of naturally occurring emodin for the controlling of cervical cancer
- Review, Cerv, NA
TumCCA↑, DNAdam↑, mTOR↓, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, TGF-β↑, SMAD3↓, p‑SMAD4↓, ROS↑, MMP↓, CXCR4↓, HER2/EBBR2↓, ER Stress↓, TumAuto↑, NOTCH1↓,
1322- EMD,    The versatile emodin: A natural easily acquired anthraquinone possesses promising anticancer properties against a variety of cancers
- Review, Var, NA
Apoptosis↑, TumCP↓, ROS↑, TumAuto↑, EMT↓, TGF-β↓, DNAdam↑, ER Stress↑, TumCCA↑, ATP↓, NF-kB↓, CYP1A1↑, STAC2↓, JAK↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, MAPK↓, FASN↓, HER2/EBBR2↓, ChemoSen↑, eff↑, ChemoSen↑, angioG↓, VEGF↓, MMP2↓, eNOS↓, FOXD3↑, MMP9↓, TIMP1↑,
1321- EMD,    Antitumor effects of emodin on LS1034 human colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo: roles of apoptotic cell death and LS1034 tumor xenografts model
- in-vitro, CRC, LS1034 - in-vivo, NA, NA
tumCV↓, TumCCA↑, ROS↑, Ca+2↑, MMP↓, Apoptosis↑, Cyt‑c↑, Casp9↑, Bax:Bcl2↑,
1320- EMD,  SRF,    Emodin Sensitizes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to the Anti-Cancer Effect of Sorafenib through Suppression of Cholesterol Metabolism
- vitro+vivo, HCC, HepG2 - in-vitro, HCC, Hep3B - in-vitro, HCC, HUH7 - vitro+vivo, Hepat, SK-HEP-1
SREBF2↓, Akt↓, TumCCA↑, TumCG↓, STAT3↓,
1319- EMD,    Emodin treatment of papillary thyroid cancer cell lines in vitro inhibits proliferation and enhances apoptosis via downregulation of NF‑κB and its upstream TLR4 signaling
- in-vitro, Thyroid, TPC-1 - in-vitro, Thyroid, IHH4
NF-kB↓, TLR4↓, TumCI↓, TumCMig↓,
1318- EMD,    Aloe-emodin Induces Apoptosis in Human Liver HL-7702 Cells through Fas Death Pathway and the Mitochondrial Pathway by Generating Reactive Oxygen Species
- in-vitro, Nor, HL7702
*TumCCA↑, *ROS↑, *MMP↓, *Fas↑, *P53↑, *P21↓, *Bax:Bcl2↑, *cl‑Casp3↑, *cl‑Casp8↑, *cl‑Casp9↑, *cl‑PARP↑,
1296- EMD,    Emodin inhibits LOVO colorectal cancer cell proliferation via the regulation of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and cytochrome c
- in-vitro, CRC, LoVo
BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑,
1247- EMD,    Emodin exerts antitumor effects in ovarian cancer cell lines by preventing the development of cancer stem cells via epithelial mesenchymal transition
- vitro+vivo, Ovarian, SKOV3 - in-vitro, Ovarian, A2780S
TumCP↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, EMT↓, N-cadherin↓, Vim↓, E-cadherin↑, TumCG↓, CD133↓, OCT4↓, CSCs↓,
1246- EMD,    Emodin reduces Breast Cancer Lung Metastasis by suppressing Macrophage-induced Breast Cancer Cell Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and Cancer Stem Cell formation
- in-vivo, BC, NA
TGF-β↓, EMT↓, CSCs↓,
1245- EMD,    Emodin Exhibits Strong Cytotoxic Effect in Cervical Cancer Cells by Activating Intrinsic Pathway of Apoptosis
- in-vitro, Cerv, HeLa
TumCG↓, TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, MMP↓, DNAdam↑, GSH↓,
988- EMD,    Emodin Induced Necroptosis and Inhibited Glycolysis in the Renal Cancer Cells by Enhancing ROS
- in-vitro, RCC, NA
Necroptosis↑, p‑RIP1↑, MLKL↑, ROS↑, Glycolysis↓, GLUT1↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓,

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 30

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

CYP1A1↑, 1,   GSH↓, 1,   HO-1↑, 1,   MDA↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 1,   ROS↓, 1,   ROS↑, 10,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

AIF↑, 1,   ATP↓, 1,   CDC25↓, 1,   MMP↓, 11,   XIAP↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

FASN↓, 1,   glut↓, 1,   Glycolysis↓, 2,   HK2↓, 1,   LDHA↓, 1,   PKM2↓, 1,   SREBF2↓, 1,   TS↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 7,   p‑Akt↓, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 7,   BAX↑, 6,   Bax:Bcl2↑, 4,   Bcl-2↓, 6,   Bcl-xL↓, 1,   Casp↑, 1,   Casp2↑, 1,   Casp3↑, 9,   Casp8↑, 1,   Casp9↑, 7,   proCasp9↓, 1,   Chk2↑, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 6,   JNK↓, 1,   MAPK↓, 2,   p‑MAPK↓, 1,   Mcl-1↓, 1,   MLKL↑, 1,   Necroptosis↑, 1,   p27↑, 1,   p‑RIP1↑, 1,   survivin↓, 1,   TumCD↑, 1,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction ⓘ

cSrc↓, 1,   FOXD3↑, 1,   HER2/EBBR2↓, 2,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

ac‑H3↑, 1,   tumCV↓, 3,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

ER Stress↓, 1,   ER Stress↑, 2,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

TumAuto↑, 2,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

ATM↑, 1,   DNAdam↑, 4,   P53↑, 3,   PARP↓, 1,   cl‑PARP↑, 2,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

cycA1/CCNA1↓, 1,   CycB/CCNB1↓, 1,   CycB/CCNB1↑, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 1,   cycE/CCNE↓, 1,   P21↑, 2,   TumCCA↑, 9,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

CD133↓, 1,   cDC2↓, 1,   CSCs↓, 2,   Diff↓, 1,   EMT↓, 3,   ERK↓, 3,   p‑ERK↓, 1,   ERK5↓, 1,   HDAC↓, 1,   HDAC1↓, 1,   HDAC2↓, 1,   mTOR↓, 1,   NOTCH1↓, 1,   OCT4↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 3,   SHP1↑, 1,   STAT↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 2,   TumCG↓, 4,  

Migration ⓘ

Ca+2↑, 2,   E-cadherin↑, 1,   MMP2↓, 1,   MMP3↓, 1,   MMP9↓, 1,   N-cadherin↓, 1,   PKCδ↓, 1,   SMAD3↓, 1,   p‑SMAD4↓, 1,   STAC2↓, 1,   TGF-β↓, 2,   TGF-β↑, 1,   TIMP1↑, 1,   TumCI↓, 2,   TumCMig↓, 2,   TumCP↓, 5,   Vim↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 1,   eNOS↓, 1,   HIF-1↓, 1,   Hif1a↓, 2,   VEGF↓, 3,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

GLUT1↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

CXCR4↓, 1,   p‑IKKα↓, 1,   JAK↓, 1,   JAK1↓, 1,   JAK2↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 4,   TLR4↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 4,   Dose↝, 1,   eff↓, 1,   eff↑, 1,   selectivity↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

AFP↓, 1,   HER2/EBBR2↓, 2,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

cachexia↓, 1,   ChemoSideEff∅, 1,   OS↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 125

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

ROS↑, 2,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

MMP↓, 2,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

PKM2↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Bax:Bcl2↑, 2,   Casp3↑, 1,   cl‑Casp3↑, 1,   Casp8↑, 1,   cl‑Casp8↑, 1,   Casp9↑, 1,   cl‑Casp9↑, 1,   Fas↑, 2,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

tumCV↓, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

P53↑, 2,   cl‑PARP↑, 2,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

CDK2↓, 1,   cycA1/CCNA1↓, 1,   cycE/CCNE↑, 1,   P21↓, 1,   P21↑, 2,   TumCCA↑, 2,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission ⓘ

p‑tau↓, 1,  

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

Aβ↓, 1,   BACE↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

cardioP↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 2,   toxicity↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 27

Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:75  Target#:%  State#:%  Dir#:%
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