| Source: |
| Type: |
| Destruction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, which is widely regarded as one of the earliest events in the process of cell apoptosis. Mitochondria are organelles within eukaryotic cells that produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main energy molecule used by the cell. For this reason, the mitochondrion is sometimes referred to as “the powerhouse of the cell”. Mitochondria produce ATP through process of cellular respiration—specifically, aerobic respiration, which requires oxygen. The citric acid cycle, or Krebs cycle, takes place in the mitochondria. The mitochondrial membrane potential is widely used in assessing mitochondrial function as it relates to the mitochondrial capacity of ATP generation by oxidative phosphorylation. The mitochondrial membrane potential is a reliable indicator of mitochondrial health. In cancer cells, ΔΨm is often decreased, which can lead to changes in cellular metabolism, increased glycolysis, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and altered cell death pathways. The membrane of malignant mitochondria is hyperpolarized (−220 mV) in comparison to their healthy counterparts (−160 mV), which facilitates the penetration of positively charged molecules to the cancer cells mitochondria. The MMP is a critical indicator of mitochondrial function, directly reflecting the organelle's capacity to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. |
| 4471- | SeNPs, | Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles with extract of hawthorn fruit induced HepG2 cells apoptosis |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 |
| 4449- | SeNPs, | PEG-nanolized ultrasmall selenium nanoparticles overcome drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells through induction of mitochondria dysfunction |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 |
| 4453- | SeNPs, | Selenium Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis and Biomedical Application |
| - | Review, | NA, | NA |
| - | in-vitro, | PC, | MIA PaCa-2 | - | in-vitro, | PC, | PANC1 |
| 2448- | SFN, | Sulforaphane and bladder cancer: a potential novel antitumor compound |
| - | Review, | Bladder, | NA |
| 1723- | SFN, | Sulforaphane as a potential remedy against cancer: Comprehensive mechanistic review |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1459- | SFN, | AF, | Auranofin Enhances Sulforaphane-Mediated Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hep3B Cells through Inactivation of the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | Hep3B | - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 |
| 1471- | SFN, | ROS-mediated activation of AMPK plays a critical role in sulforaphane-induced apoptosis and mitotic arrest in AGS human gastric cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | AGS |
| 1469- | SFN, | Sulforaphane enhances the therapeutic potential of TRAIL in prostate cancer orthotopic model through regulation of apoptosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | PC3 | - | in-vitro, | Pca, | LNCaP | - | in-vivo, | Pca, | NA |
| 1468- | SFN, | Cellular responses to dietary cancer chemopreventive agent D,L-sulforaphane in human prostate cancer cells are initiated by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | LNCaP | - | in-vitro, | Pca, | PC3 |
| 1467- | SFN, | Sulforaphane generates reactive oxygen species leading to mitochondrial perturbation for apoptosis in human leukemia U937 cells |
| - | in-vitro, | AML, | U937 |
| 1466- | SFN, | Sulforaphane inhibits thyroid cancer cell growth and invasiveness through the reactive oxygen species-dependent pathway |
| - | vitro+vivo, | Thyroid, | FTC-133 |
| 1465- | SFN, | TRAIL attenuates sulforaphane-mediated Nrf2 and sustains ROS generation, leading to apoptosis of TRAIL-resistant human bladder cancer cells |
| - | NA, | Bladder, | NA |
| 1458- | SFN, | Sulforaphane Impact on Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Bladder Carcinoma |
| - | Review, | Bladder, | NA |
| 1456- | SFN, | Sulforaphane regulates cell proliferation and induces apoptotic cell death mediated by ROS-cell cycle arrest in pancreatic cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | PC, | MIA PaCa-2 | - | in-vitro, | PC, | PANC1 |
| 1474- | SFN, | Sulforaphane induces p53‑deficient SW480 cell apoptosis via the ROS‑MAPK signaling pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | Colon, | SW480 |
| - | in-vitro, | Bladder, | T24/HTB-9 |
| 3319- | SIL, | Silymarin and neurodegenerative diseases: Therapeutic potential and basic molecular mechanisms |
| - | Review, | AD, | NA | - | Review, | Park, | NA | - | Review, | Stroke, | NA |
| 3646- | SIL, | "Silymarin", a promising pharmacological agent for treatment of diseases |
| - | Review, | NA, | NA |
| 3309- | SIL, | Silymarin as a Natural Antioxidant: An Overview of the Current Evidence and Perspectives |
| - | Review, | NA, | NA |
| 3299- | SIL, | Silymarin Effect on Mitophagy Pathway in the Human Colon Cancer HT-29 Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Colon, | HT29 |
| 3298- | SIL, | Silibinin, a natural flavonoid, induces autophagy via ROS-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction and loss of ATP involving BNIP3 in human MCF7 breast cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 |
| 3297- | SIL, | Rad, | Studies on radiation sensitization efficacy by silymarin in colon carcinoma cells |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HCT15 | - | in-vitro, | CRC, | RKO |
| 3290- | SIL, | A review of therapeutic potentials of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) and its main constituent, silymarin, on cancer, and their related patents |
| - | Analysis, | Var, | NA |
| 3288- | SIL, | Silymarin in cancer therapy: Mechanisms of action, protective roles in chemotherapy-induced toxicity, and nanoformulations |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 3282- | SIL, | Role of Silymarin in Cancer Treatment: Facts, Hypotheses, and Questions |
| - | Review, | NA, | NA |
| 2410- | SIL, | Autophagy activated by silibinin contributes to glioma cell death via induction of oxidative stress-mediated BNIP3-dependent nuclear translocation of AIF |
| - | in-vitro, | GBM, | U87MG | - | in-vitro, | GBM, | U251 | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 2416- | SK, | Shikonin induces cell death by inhibiting glycolysis in human testicular cancer I-10 and seminoma TCAM-2 cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Testi, | TCAM-2 |
| 2231- | SK, | Shikonin Exerts Cytotoxic Effects in Human Colon Cancers by Inducing Apoptotic Cell Death via the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria-Mediated Pathways |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | SNU-407 |
| 2230- | SK, | Shikonin induces ROS-based mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in colon cancer |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HCT116 | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 2190- | SK, | Shikonin exerts antitumor activity by causing mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocellular carcinoma through PKM2-AMPK-PGC1α signaling pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | HCC, | HCCLM3 |
| 2188- | SK, | Molecular mechanism of shikonin inhibiting tumor growth and potential application in cancer treatment |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 2227- | SK, | Shikonin induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and enhances chemotherapeutic sensitivity of gastric cancer through reactive oxygen species |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | BGC-823 | - | in-vitro, | GC, | SGC-7901 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | GES-1 |
| 2219- | SK, | Shikonin induces apoptosis of HaCaT cells via the mitochondrial, Erk and Akt pathways |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HaCaT |
| 3045- | SK, | Cutting off the fuel supply to calcium pumps in pancreatic cancer cells: role of pyruvate kinase-M2 (PKM2) |
| - | in-vitro, | PC, | MIA PaCa-2 |
| 3043- | SK, | Shikonin Induces Apoptosis by Inhibiting Phosphorylation of IGF-1 Receptor in Myeloma Cells. |
| - | in-vitro, | Melanoma, | RPMI-8226 |
| 3041- | SK, | Promising Nanomedicines of Shikonin for Cancer Therapy |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 3040- | SK, | Pharmacological Properties of Shikonin – A Review of Literature since 2002 |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA | - | Review, | IBD, | NA | - | Review, | Stroke, | NA |
| 1344- | SK, | Novel multiple apoptotic mechanism of shikonin in human glioma cells |
| - | in-vitro, | GBM, | U87MG | - | in-vitro, | GBM, | Hs683 | - | in-vitro, | GBM, | M059K |
| 1346- | SK, | An Oxidative Stress Mechanism of Shikonin in Human Glioma Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | GBM, | U87MG | - | in-vitro, | GBM, | Hs683 |
| 2008- | SK, | Cisplatin, | Enhancement of cisplatin-induced colon cancer cells apoptosis by shikonin, a natural inducer of ROS in vitro and in vivo |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HCT116 | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 2007- | SK, | Shikonin Directly Targets Mitochondria and Causes Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cancer Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | lymphoma, | U937 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | SkBr3 | - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HCT116 | - | in-vitro, | OS, | U2OS | - | NA, | Nor, | RPE-1 |
| 4891- | Sper, | Spermidine as a promising anticancer agent: Recent advances and newer insights on its molecular mechanisms |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA | - | Review, | AD, | NA |
| 4894- | Sper, | Application of Spermidine in Cancer Research Models: Notes and Protocols |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 4897- | Sper, | Spermidine as a promising anticancer agent: Recent advances and newer insights on its molecular mechanisms |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| - | vitro+vivo, | Lung, | NA |
| 4742- | SSE, | Antitumor Effects of Selenium |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA | - | Review, | Arthritis, | NA | - | Review, | Sepsis, | NA |
| 4723- | SSE, | Selenium Induces Ferroptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells via Direct Interaction with Nrf2 and Gpx4 |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HCT116 |
| 5079- | SSE, | Rad, | The solvent and treatment regimen of sodium selenite cause its effects to vary on the radiation response of human bronchial cells from tumour and normal tissues |
| - | in-vitro, | Lung, | A549 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | BEAS-2B |
| 5075- | SSE, | Sodium selenite inhibits proliferation and metastasis through ROS‐mediated NF‐κB signaling in renal cell carcinoma |
| - | vitro+vivo, | RCC, | 786-O |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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